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6 - The empire in Syria, 705–763

from PART II - UNIVERSALISM AND IMPERIALISM

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2011

By
Paul Cobb
Edited by
Chase F. Robinson
Chase F. Robinson
Affiliation:
The Graduate Center, The City University of New York
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Summary

Introduction

Syria is usually where empires end, not where they begin. Throughout its long history the region between the Euphrates and the Mediterranean has been a theatre for imperial designs concocted elsewhere: in Babylon, Rome, Constantinople, Cairo. After the collapse of the Seleucid state (323–64 BCE), only once, and only briefly, did Syria itself serve as the metropole to an empire. Like its Seleucid ancestor, the Marwānid experiment in Syria showed that a far-flung Middle Eastern empire was still possible without Iraq or Egypt to serve as its centre. Yet without the intensively harvested revenues of the Nile Valley and Mesopotamia and the military and cultural production they allowed, the Marwānid caliphate would not have lasted as long as it did. And if the Seleucid empire was a successor state to Alexander’s Hellenistic venture, then the Marwānid reprise must be reckoned a precursor state. Providing as it did the framework in which Islam and Arabic culture spread beyond the Nile-to-Oxus core of the caliphate, the Marwānid caliphate set Islamic civilisation on course to be fully realised by other polities. Greater in size if not duration than the Seleucid empire, the Marwānid caliphate gave Islamic Syria its place, however fleeting, in the sun.

Keywords

imperial expansionFarghanaFranceAbd al-MalikThird FitnaMarwanid elitesYamani settlementMarwanid dynastyIslamic SyriaMarwanid caliphate
Type
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The New Cambridge History of Islam , pp. 226 - 268
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2010

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