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Chapter 51 - Functional neuroimaging: sedating medication effects

from Section 5 - Neuroimaging of sleep disorders

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Hans-Peter Landolt  and
Emily Urry
Edited by
Eric Nofzinger ,
Pierre Maquet  and
Michael J. Thorpy
Eric Nofzinger
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Pierre Maquet
Affiliation:
Université de Liège, Belgium
Michael J. Thorpy
Affiliation:
Sleep-Wake Disorders Center, Montefiore Medical Center, New York
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Summary

This chapter focuses on neuroimaging studies investigating the effects of benzodiazepines (BDZ) and z-drugs on regional glucose metabolism and brain perfusion as measured with 15O-water (H215O)-position emission tomography (PET) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in wakefulness and non-rapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. The clinical effects of ligands at BDZ binding sites not only consist of sedation and sleep induction, but also include anxiolysis, seizure suppression, and muscle relaxation. The effects of pharmacological agents on regional brain activity during sleep can be investigated by employing neuroimaging and polysomnography simultaneously. Imaging findings support the concept that persistent activity in distinct arousal networks, particularly continuous activation of the precuneus, is linked to impaired sleep quality in patients with insomnia. With regards to pharmacological interventions, sedative-hypnotics may provide an antidote to the proposed central nervous system (CNS) hyperarousal seen in these patients during sleep.

Keywords

rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorderrestless legs syndromeneurochemical pathwaysParkinson's diseaseperiodic limb movementssleep disordered breathingmultiple system atrophyexcessive daytime sleepinessfunctional neuroimaging
Type
Chapter
Information
Neuroimaging of Sleep and Sleep Disorders , pp. 396 - 405
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2013

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