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15 - Developmental dysregulation of the dopamine system and the pathophysiology of schizophrenia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

By
Anthony A. Grace
Edited by
Matcheri S. Keshavan ,
James L. Kennedy  and
Robin M. Murray
Anthony A. Grace
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
Matcheri S. Keshavan
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
James L. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto
Robin M. Murray
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Summary

Evidence suggests that the dopamine (DA) system plays a key role in the pathophysiology and treatment of schizophrenia. Therefore, drugs that increase DA transmission are known to exacerbate this disorder and mimic paranoid psychosis in normal individuals, and drugs that are effective antipsychotic agents all have DA receptor-blocking properties in common. Substantial evidence exists to suggest that the pathological processes contributing to schizophrenia occur early in life, supporting the contention that schizophrenia is a developmental disorder. This chapter presents a model whereby stress is proposed to interact with an existing pathology within the limbic system to cause the delayed emergence of the positive symptoms of schizophrenia. The involvement of stress is demonstrated by the finding that, of the children at risk for developing schizophrenia, those that do go on to show the pathology exhibit higher levels of anxiety and stress premorbidly.

Keywords

anxietydevelopmental disorderdopamine systemprefrontal cortexschizophreniapathophysiologyemotional reactivitydopamine transmissionstress
Type
Chapter
Information
Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 273 - 294
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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