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3 - Cognitive development: functional magnetic resonance imaging studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

By
Beatriz Luna  and
John A. Sweeney
Edited by
Matcheri S. Keshavan ,
James L. Kennedy  and
Robin M. Murray
Beatriz Luna
Affiliation:
Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, Pittsburgh, USA
John A. Sweeney
Affiliation:
The Psychiatric Institute, University of Illinois, Chicago, USA
Matcheri S. Keshavan
Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
James L. Kennedy
Affiliation:
Clarke Institute of Psychiatry, Toronto
Robin M. Murray
Affiliation:
Institute of Psychiatry, London
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Summary

Pediatric neuroimaging techniques can probe the integrity of brain function and normal brain maturational processes and provide a window into possible abnormalities in neurocognitive development. This chapter describes the initial investigations and discusses what has been found regarding the changes in brain function that support the healthy maturation of cognitive control of behavior. Basic cognitive processes, which are evident in infancy and show dramatic changes throughout childhood, continue to develop throughout adolescence. Two higher-order cognitive abilities crucial to the voluntary control of behavior are working memory and voluntary suppression of context-inappropriate responses. Most pediatric functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies are performed to assist in the localization of language areas to guide excision lesions to relieve epileptic seizures. Pediatric fMRI studies have provided insight into the possible factors underlying the etiology of developmental abnormalities such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and dyslexia.

Keywords

attention-deficit hyperactivity disorderbrain function supporting languagecognitive developmentworking memorypediatric neuroimagingfunctional magnetic resonance imaging studiesdyslexia
Type
Chapter
Information
Neurodevelopment and Schizophrenia , pp. 45 - 68
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2004

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