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35 - Acute respiratory failure

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  10 December 2009

Patti J. Thureen
By
John E. E. Van Aerde  and
Michael Narvey
Edited by
William W. Hay
Patti J. Thureen
Affiliation:
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
John E. E. Van Aerde
Affiliation:
Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
Michael Narvey
Affiliation:
Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta Canada
William W. Hay
Affiliation:
University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
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Summary

Feeding a patient with respiratory failure is more complicated in a neonatal than in an adult intensive care setting. For adults the goal is to maintain an acceptable energy balance without imposing extra metabolic and respiratory stress on the organism. In newborn infants, the caloric cost for growth has to be added to the energy balance which means that additional respiratory demands will be imposed on the neonate, because the growth process itself produces carbon dioxide and consumes oxygen.

Nutritional status affects the respiratory system directly by providing energy for the respiratory muscles and development of lung structure and function; indirectly, the level of energy intake (EI) and the dietary macronutrient composition modify the metabolic demands and affect the respiratory system by modifying central ventilatory drive and the respiratory gaseous exchange.

This chapter describes the effect of nutrition on the development and function of the respiratory system in newborns. The first portion describes the interactions between nutrition and structural, biochemical, and functional changes in the lung. The second part addresses metabolic needs of infants with acute respiratory distress and describes the effects of EI and/or diet composition on respiratory gas exchange and energy metabolism in intravenously fed neonates.

Nutrition, metabolism, and the respiratory system

Lung development and morphology

The preterm infant with a birth weight of 1000 g has an expendable nonprotein energy reserve of less than 200 kcal, with 1%–2% of the body weight as fat and less than 1% as glycogen.

Type
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Information
Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism , pp. 508 - 521
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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  • Acute respiratory failure
  • Patti J. Thureen, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Edited by William W. Hay, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Book: Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544712.036
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  • Acute respiratory failure
  • Patti J. Thureen, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Edited by William W. Hay, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Book: Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544712.036
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Acute respiratory failure
  • Patti J. Thureen, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Edited by William W. Hay, University of Colorado at Denver and Health Sciences Center
  • Book: Neonatal Nutrition and Metabolism
  • Online publication: 10 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511544712.036
Available formats
×