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13 - Orthopedics

from Part III - Case studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 June 2012

Lisa A. Pruitt  and
Ayyana M. Chakravartula
Lisa A. Pruitt
Affiliation:
University of California, Berkeley
Ayyana M. Chakravartula
Affiliation:
Exponent, Inc., Menlo Park, California
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Summary

Inquiry

How have we arrived at the modern-day implants used in orthopedics? What engineering design challenges do we face in orthopedic medical devices?

Contemporary implants have evolved from original attempts to restore function in articulation of a joint or stabilization of a fracture. However, many early designers did not fully understand the functionality of the musculoskeletal system or the behavior of materials in the body, and this often resulted in premature failure of the device. Much of our modern-day success is built upon learning from these earlier failures. Many design challenges remain in the development of orthopedic implants such as bone loss due to stress shielding, osteolysis owing to particulate debris, fractures associated with stress-corrosion mechanisms, biocompatibility, as well as patient and surgical factors. What other factors can you think of that contribute to the structural longevity of an orthopedic implant?

Type
Chapter
Information
Mechanics of Biomaterials
Fundamental Principles for Implant Design
 , pp. 416 - 476
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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