Book contents
- The Materiality of Numbers
- The Materiality of Numbers
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Acknowledgments
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Numbers in a Nutshell
- 2 Converging Perspectives on Numbers
- 3 The Brain in Numbers
- 4 Bodies and Behaviors
- 5 Language in Numbers
- 6 Global and Regional Patterns
- 7 Materiality in Numbers
- 8 Materiality in Cognition
- 9 Making Quantity Tangible and Manipulable
- 10 Tallies and Other Devices That Accumulate
- 11 Interpreting Prehistoric Artifacts
- 12 Devices That Accumulate and Group
- 13 Handwritten Notations
- 14 The Materiality of Numbers
- References
- Index
12 - Devices That Accumulate and Group
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2023
- The Materiality of Numbers
- The Materiality of Numbers
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Figures
- Tables
- Acknowledgments
- Foreword
- Preface
- 1 Numbers in a Nutshell
- 2 Converging Perspectives on Numbers
- 3 The Brain in Numbers
- 4 Bodies and Behaviors
- 5 Language in Numbers
- 6 Global and Regional Patterns
- 7 Materiality in Numbers
- 8 Materiality in Cognition
- 9 Making Quantity Tangible and Manipulable
- 10 Tallies and Other Devices That Accumulate
- 11 Interpreting Prehistoric Artifacts
- 12 Devices That Accumulate and Group
- 13 Handwritten Notations
- 14 The Materiality of Numbers
- References
- Index
Summary
We turn now to technologies that can be moved and rearranged, like pebbles and cowrie shells. These material forms and practices both accumulate and group (Fig. 12.1). Accumulation adds like the tally does: one, two, three, four, five, and so on; adjacent markers differ by one. Grouping makes numerical information more concise: One kind of pebble – perhaps one with a certain size, shape, or color – might represent a group of ten, and a pebble with a different appearance might represent one. This reduces the number of pebbles by replacing multiple units of lower value with one of higher value. Alternatively, pebbles might take their value from their spatial placement – their literal place value as units or tens. This reduces the total number of elements needed because ten is represented by a single pebble in the tens place. These strategies bring new relations into the number system, as for example, ten of a lower value make one of the next higher value.
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- The Materiality of NumbersEmergence and Elaboration from Prehistory to Present, pp. 277 - 308Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2023