from PART II - ECOLOGICAL AND EVOLUTIONARY RESPONSES
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 04 May 2010
Introduction
Herein, we consider insects in the temperate zone where, in central and eastern continental land masses, favorable summers are interspersed with inamicable, often lethal, winters. At latitudes higher than 30°, fitness consists of the ability to exploit the warm season through growth, development and reproduction, the ability to avoid or mitigate the effects of winter cold through dormancy or migration, and the ability to make a timely transition between summer and winter lifestyles. Fitness is then defined by performance integrated through all four seasons, not just by a measure of performance in a single environment characteristic of a single time of year.
Below we discuss the geographical and seasonal patterns in light and temperature in the temperate zone, how climate change is affecting and will affect these patterns, and the actual and potential biotic responses by insects to climate warming. Physiological processes lie at the level of integration between the environment and the gene, and are important in regulating the acquisition, assimilation and allocation of resources, in regulating growth, development and reproduction, and in maintaining homeostasis in variable environments. Environmental change elicits a physiological response, either through non-genetic change within individual animals (homeostasis and phenotypic plasticity) or through genetic change in animal populations (evolution). Mechanism matters. Physiological processes enable animals to maximize survivorship and reproduction, and are primary determinants of fitness in environments that vary in time and space.
To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.
Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.
Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.
To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.