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11 - Neonatal Hepatitis and Congenital Infections

from SECTION II - CHOLESTATIC LIVER DISEASES

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2009

By
Philip Rosenthal M.D.
Edited by
Frederick J. Suchy ,
Ronald J. Sokol  and
William F. Balistreri
Philip Rosenthal M.D.
Affiliation:
Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Medical Director, Pediatric Liver Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
Frederick J. Suchy
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
Ronald J. Sokol
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Denver
William F. Balistreri
Affiliation:
University of Cincinnati
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Summary

Neonatal hepatitis refers to a heterogeneous group of disorders that result in a somewhat similar morphologic change in the liver of an infant less than 3 months of age in response to various insults. The term neonatal hepatitis has been used at times to include all causes of cholestasis in infancy in which extrahepatic biliary obstruction is excluded. Although in the majority of cases an etiology cannot be found, specific infectious and metabolic causes have been identified that may present as neonatal hepatitis. At final diagnosis, neonatal hepatitis is responsible for approximately 40% of the cases of infants with cholestasis and is the most frequently encountered liver disorder of early infancy. Males usually predominate over females (two to one). Additionally, some familial cases have been reported, suggesting either a maternal environmental factor or autosomal recessive inheritance.

Histologically, there is a loss of the lobular architecture with preservation of the zonal distribution of portal tracts and central veins. There is ballooning degeneration of hepatocytes with fusion of hepatocyte membranes and nuclear transformation into multinucleated giant cells. These multinucleated giant cells are believed to be the response of immature hepatocytes to most forms of injury and are a nonspecific finding in neonatal liver biopsy samples. There may be abundant extramedullary hematopoiesis and variable inflammation (Figure 11.1). Cholestasis may be marked because the newborn already is in a relative state of physiologic cholestasis.

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Liver Disease in Children , pp. 232 - 246
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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  • Neonatal Hepatitis and Congenital Infections
    • By Philip Rosenthal, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Medical Director, Pediatric Liver Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
  • Edited by Frederick J. Suchy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ronald J. Sokol, University of Colorado, Denver, William F. Balistreri, University of Cincinnati
  • Book: Liver Disease in Children
  • Online publication: 18 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547409.013
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  • Neonatal Hepatitis and Congenital Infections
    • By Philip Rosenthal, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Medical Director, Pediatric Liver Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
  • Edited by Frederick J. Suchy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ronald J. Sokol, University of Colorado, Denver, William F. Balistreri, University of Cincinnati
  • Book: Liver Disease in Children
  • Online publication: 18 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547409.013
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  • Neonatal Hepatitis and Congenital Infections
    • By Philip Rosenthal, M.D., Professor of Pediatrics and Surgery, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco, San Francisco, California; Medical Director, Pediatric Liver Transplant Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of California–San Francisco Children's Hospital, San Francisco, California
  • Edited by Frederick J. Suchy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ronald J. Sokol, University of Colorado, Denver, William F. Balistreri, University of Cincinnati
  • Book: Liver Disease in Children
  • Online publication: 18 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547409.013
Available formats
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