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17 - Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis

from SECTION III - HEPATITIS AND IMMUNE DISORDERS

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  18 December 2009

By
Jay A. Hochman M.D.  and
William F. Balistreri M.D.
Edited by
Frederick J. Suchy ,
Ronald J. Sokol  and
William F. Balistreri
Jay A. Hochman M.D.
Affiliation:
Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Attending Physician, Children's Center for Digestive Health Care, LLC, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia
William F. Balistreri M.D.
Affiliation:
Dorothy M. M. Kersten Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Director, Pediatric Liver Care Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterolgy, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
Frederick J. Suchy
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York
Ronald J. Sokol
Affiliation:
University of Colorado, Denver
William F. Balistreri
Affiliation:
University of Cincinnati
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Summary

Optimal care of children with viral hepatitis necessitates incorporation of recent advances in diagnosis, prevention, and treatment into clinical practice. Though primary viral infection of the liver has been recognized since the time of Hippocrates (460–375 b.c.), only in the past two decades have significant scientific advancements allowed clinicians to alter the outcomes of these infections [1]. Specifically, viral hepatitis can be prevented with vaccines and passive immunization and can be treated with antiviral medications. The availability to detect these infections rapidly and accurately has led to changes in the epidemiology of viral hepatitis.

This chapter details the history, epidemiology, and clinical features as well as the diagnostic, preventative, and therapeutic strategies for the most important group of hepatotropic viruses: hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), hepatitis D (HDV), and hepatitis E (HEV). In 2002, the estimated numbers of new infections in the United States were as follows: 73,000 caused by HAV, 79,000 caused by HBV, and 29,000 caused by HCV/non-A, non-B (NANB) hepatitis [2]. The absolute number of cases of acute hepatitis had been reduced by more than 50% during the preceding 10-year interval (1992–2002). The availability and expansion of vaccination efforts have helped decrease the rates of hepatitis A and hepatitis B. Improvements in the blood supply have dramatically reduced transmission of HCV; the primary means of infection in children is now maternal–infant transmission.

Type
Chapter
Information
Liver Disease in Children , pp. 369 - 446
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2007

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  • Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis
    • By Jay A. Hochman, M.D., Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Attending Physician, Children's Center for Digestive Health Care, LLC, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, William F. Balistreri, M.D., Dorothy M. M. Kersten Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Director, Pediatric Liver Care Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterolgy, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
  • Edited by Frederick J. Suchy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ronald J. Sokol, University of Colorado, Denver, William F. Balistreri, University of Cincinnati
  • Book: Liver Disease in Children
  • Online publication: 18 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547409.019
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  • Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis
    • By Jay A. Hochman, M.D., Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Attending Physician, Children's Center for Digestive Health Care, LLC, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, William F. Balistreri, M.D., Dorothy M. M. Kersten Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Director, Pediatric Liver Care Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterolgy, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
  • Edited by Frederick J. Suchy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ronald J. Sokol, University of Colorado, Denver, William F. Balistreri, University of Cincinnati
  • Book: Liver Disease in Children
  • Online publication: 18 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547409.019
Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

  • Acute and Chronic Viral Hepatitis
    • By Jay A. Hochman, M.D., Clinical Associate Professor, Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia; Attending Physician, Children's Center for Digestive Health Care, LLC, and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, Georgia, William F. Balistreri, M.D., Dorothy M. M. Kersten Professor, Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio; Director, Pediatric Liver Care Center, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterolgy, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
  • Edited by Frederick J. Suchy, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, Ronald J. Sokol, University of Colorado, Denver, William F. Balistreri, University of Cincinnati
  • Book: Liver Disease in Children
  • Online publication: 18 December 2009
  • Chapter DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511547409.019
Available formats
×