Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Miscellaneous Frontmatter
- Editors and Advisers
- Contents
- Polin
- Dedication
- Statement From the Editors
- JEWS IN WARSAW
- ARTICLES
- DOCUMENT
- COMMENTARY
- EXCHANGE
- REPORTS
- REVIEW ESSAYS
- BOOK REVIEWS
- Paul Wexler, Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics by A. de Vincenz
- Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way: A Thousand-year History of the Poles and their Culture by Michael Hurst
- Michael Brocke, (ed.) Beter und Rebellen. Aus 1000 Jahren Judentum in Polen by Heinz-Dietrich Lowe
- Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, (ed.) Deutsche Polen Juden. lhre Beziehungen von den Anfiingen bis ins 20. Jaharhundert. Beitriige zu einer Tagung by Heinz-Dietrich Lowe
- Jerzy Kloczowski, et al. Histoire religeuse de la Pologne by Robert M. Kingdon
- Jacob Litman, The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval Poland by Jakub Basista
- Isaac Lewin, The Jewish Community in Poland by Jakub Basista
- Arnold Eisen, Galut. Modern Jewish Reflection on Homelessness and Homecoming by Harvey E. Goldberg
- Calvin Goldschider and Alan S. Zuckerman, The Transformation of the Jews by Harvey E. Goldberg
- Jewish-Polish Coexistence, 1772-1939. A Topical Bibliography compiled by G.]. Lerski and H. T Lerski by Tomasz Gąsowski
- M.A. Ouaknin, Le livre brule - Lire le Talmud by Daniel Tollet
- Daniel Beauvais, Polacy na Ukrainie 1831-1863. Szlachta polska na Wolyniu, Podolu i Kijowszci:.yznie by L. R. Lewitter
- John Doyle Klier, Russia Gathers Her Jews. The Origins of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772-1825 by Eli Lederhendler
- Jacob Katz, by David Sorkin (ed.) Toward Modernity: The European Jewish Model
- Shlomo Avineri, Moses Hess: Prophet of Communism and, Zionism by M. Mishkinsky
- Paul W. Massing, Vorgeschichte des politischen Antisemitismus by Peter Pulzer
- Martin Pollack, Nach Galizien. Von Chassiden, Huzulen, Polen unri Ruthenen by A. de Vincenz
- Robert S. Wistrich, Socialism and the Jews. The Dilemmas of Assimilation in Germany and Austria-Hungary by Jerzy Holzer
- Elzbieta Ettinger, Rosa Luxemburg. A Life by Mark Almond
- Stephen Birmingham, The Rest of Us. The Rise of America's Eastern European Jews by Ewa Morawska
- Miroslav Hroch, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe. A Comparative Ana(ysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations by Michael Hurst
- Wolodymyr Kubijovyč, Etnichni hrupy pivdennozakhidnoi Ukrainy (Ha(ychyny) na l.l.1939. Natsionalna statystyka Ha(ychyny by Jerzy Tomaszewski
- Howard Aster and Peter J. Potichnyj, Jewish Ukrainian Relations: Two Solitudes by Michael Hurst
- Edward Prus, Wiadyka Swiftojurski: Rzecz of arcybiskupie Andrze.fu Szeptyckim (1865-1944) by Shimon Redlich
- Christopher R. Browning, Fateful Months. Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution; Moshe Zimmerman Wilhelm Marr. The Patriarch of Anti-semitism by A. J. Nicholls
- ‘Historikerstreit’. Die Dokumentation der Kontroverse um die Einzigartigkeit der national sozialistischen Judenvernichtung by Peter Pulzer
- John F. Sweets, Choices in Vichy France. The French Under Nazi Occupation by N. J. Atkin
- Janina Bauman, Winter in the Morning. A Young Girl's Life in the Warsaw Ghetto and Beyond, 1939-1945 by Wtadyslaw Bartoszewski
- Joža Karas, Music in Terezin 1941-1945 by Marian FuksJoza Karas Music in Terezin 1941-1945 by Marian Fuks
- John Coutouvidis and Jaime Reynolds, Poland, 1939-1947 by Józef Garliński
- Irena Grudzinska-Gross and Jan Tomasz Gross, (ed.) War Through Children's Eyes. The Soviet Occupation of Poland and the Deportations by Mark Almond
- Richard I. Cohen, The Burden of Conscience. French Jewry 's Response to the Holocaust by N. J. Atkin
- Irena Hurwic-Nowakowska, A Social Ana(ysis of Postwar Polish Jewry by Zygmunt Bauman
- Alexander Scheiber, Essays on Jewish Folklore and Comparative Literature by Raphael Patai
- Maria Brzezina, Polszczyzna Źydów by A. de Vincenz
- LEITER TO THE EDITORS
- CONTRIBUTORS
- OBITUARIES
Janina Bauman, Winter in the Morning. A Young Girl's Life in the Warsaw Ghetto and Beyond, 1939-1945 by Wtadyslaw Bartoszewski
from BOOK REVIEWS
- Frontmatter
- Miscellaneous Frontmatter
- Editors and Advisers
- Contents
- Polin
- Dedication
- Statement From the Editors
- JEWS IN WARSAW
- ARTICLES
- DOCUMENT
- COMMENTARY
- EXCHANGE
- REPORTS
- REVIEW ESSAYS
- BOOK REVIEWS
- Paul Wexler, Explorations in Judeo-Slavic Linguistics by A. de Vincenz
- Adam Zamoyski, The Polish Way: A Thousand-year History of the Poles and their Culture by Michael Hurst
- Michael Brocke, (ed.) Beter und Rebellen. Aus 1000 Jahren Judentum in Polen by Heinz-Dietrich Lowe
- Stefi Jersch-Wenzel, (ed.) Deutsche Polen Juden. lhre Beziehungen von den Anfiingen bis ins 20. Jaharhundert. Beitriige zu einer Tagung by Heinz-Dietrich Lowe
- Jerzy Kloczowski, et al. Histoire religeuse de la Pologne by Robert M. Kingdon
- Jacob Litman, The Economic Role of Jews in Medieval Poland by Jakub Basista
- Isaac Lewin, The Jewish Community in Poland by Jakub Basista
- Arnold Eisen, Galut. Modern Jewish Reflection on Homelessness and Homecoming by Harvey E. Goldberg
- Calvin Goldschider and Alan S. Zuckerman, The Transformation of the Jews by Harvey E. Goldberg
- Jewish-Polish Coexistence, 1772-1939. A Topical Bibliography compiled by G.]. Lerski and H. T Lerski by Tomasz Gąsowski
- M.A. Ouaknin, Le livre brule - Lire le Talmud by Daniel Tollet
- Daniel Beauvais, Polacy na Ukrainie 1831-1863. Szlachta polska na Wolyniu, Podolu i Kijowszci:.yznie by L. R. Lewitter
- John Doyle Klier, Russia Gathers Her Jews. The Origins of the ‘Jewish Question’ in Russia, 1772-1825 by Eli Lederhendler
- Jacob Katz, by David Sorkin (ed.) Toward Modernity: The European Jewish Model
- Shlomo Avineri, Moses Hess: Prophet of Communism and, Zionism by M. Mishkinsky
- Paul W. Massing, Vorgeschichte des politischen Antisemitismus by Peter Pulzer
- Martin Pollack, Nach Galizien. Von Chassiden, Huzulen, Polen unri Ruthenen by A. de Vincenz
- Robert S. Wistrich, Socialism and the Jews. The Dilemmas of Assimilation in Germany and Austria-Hungary by Jerzy Holzer
- Elzbieta Ettinger, Rosa Luxemburg. A Life by Mark Almond
- Stephen Birmingham, The Rest of Us. The Rise of America's Eastern European Jews by Ewa Morawska
- Miroslav Hroch, Social Preconditions of National Revival in Europe. A Comparative Ana(ysis of the Social Composition of Patriotic Groups among the Smaller European Nations by Michael Hurst
- Wolodymyr Kubijovyč, Etnichni hrupy pivdennozakhidnoi Ukrainy (Ha(ychyny) na l.l.1939. Natsionalna statystyka Ha(ychyny by Jerzy Tomaszewski
- Howard Aster and Peter J. Potichnyj, Jewish Ukrainian Relations: Two Solitudes by Michael Hurst
- Edward Prus, Wiadyka Swiftojurski: Rzecz of arcybiskupie Andrze.fu Szeptyckim (1865-1944) by Shimon Redlich
- Christopher R. Browning, Fateful Months. Essays on the Emergence of the Final Solution; Moshe Zimmerman Wilhelm Marr. The Patriarch of Anti-semitism by A. J. Nicholls
- ‘Historikerstreit’. Die Dokumentation der Kontroverse um die Einzigartigkeit der national sozialistischen Judenvernichtung by Peter Pulzer
- John F. Sweets, Choices in Vichy France. The French Under Nazi Occupation by N. J. Atkin
- Janina Bauman, Winter in the Morning. A Young Girl's Life in the Warsaw Ghetto and Beyond, 1939-1945 by Wtadyslaw Bartoszewski
- Joža Karas, Music in Terezin 1941-1945 by Marian FuksJoza Karas Music in Terezin 1941-1945 by Marian Fuks
- John Coutouvidis and Jaime Reynolds, Poland, 1939-1947 by Józef Garliński
- Irena Grudzinska-Gross and Jan Tomasz Gross, (ed.) War Through Children's Eyes. The Soviet Occupation of Poland and the Deportations by Mark Almond
- Richard I. Cohen, The Burden of Conscience. French Jewry 's Response to the Holocaust by N. J. Atkin
- Irena Hurwic-Nowakowska, A Social Ana(ysis of Postwar Polish Jewry by Zygmunt Bauman
- Alexander Scheiber, Essays on Jewish Folklore and Comparative Literature by Raphael Patai
- Maria Brzezina, Polszczyzna Źydów by A. de Vincenz
- LEITER TO THE EDITORS
- CONTRIBUTORS
- OBITUARIES
Summary
Prewar Warsaw, the capital of Poland, numbered among its residents some 380,000 people who counted as Jews under the Nazis’ Nuremberg Laws, and who, from the moment the Germans occupied Poland, faced first discrimination and then later physical extermination. Consequently almost one in three of the inhabitants of Warsaw was effectively sentenced' to death. Only a small minority of Warsaw Jews made their escape in the course of the military campaign in Poland of September 1939. Some fled to the east (to the territory occupied by the USSR on 17 September 1939) or else to the south (Romania, Hungary) to countries which were neutral or allies of Poland, although even there, not all of the refugees survived the experience. Meanwhile, during 1940-41, the Nazi authorities systematically drove tens of thousands of Jews from outlying small towns into the capital and settled them forcibly in the Warsaw ghetto.
The first ghetto in central Poland was created by the Germans in Piotrków as early as October 1939. The first of the really large ghettoes was created in Łódź (a city which before the war had contained the second largest concentration of Jews in Poland) in February 1940, when over 160,000 people were forced into an area measuring some four square kilometres. The Lódź ghetto was in time to achieve international notoriety, when 20,000 Jews were forcibly re-settled there in the autumn of 1941 - Jews who had previously been transported from Vienna, Berlin, Frankfurt am Main, Hamburg, Düsseldorf, Cologne, Emden and from Luxembourg and Prague. The Warsaw ghetto, bounded by high walls, was sealed off in November 1940. The number of its involuntary inhabitants grew rapidly (as a result of the forced population movements mentioned above) to almost half a million. But even before the Germans had begun to implement their decision of 20 January 1942 to carry out ‘the final solution of the Jewish question’, death by ‘natural’ causes - in reality brought about by poverty, hunger and epidemics - had wiped out around 100,000 inhabitants of the Warsaw ghetto in the period between autumn 1940 and the summer of 1942.
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- Information
- The Jews of Warsaw , pp. 425 - 429Publisher: Liverpool University PressPrint publication year: 2004