Book contents
- Intensive Care Medicine
- Intensive Care Medicine
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Dedication
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Section 1 Resuscitation and Management of the Acutely Ill Patient
- Section 2 Diagnosis, Assessment, Investigation, Monitoring and Data Interpretation
- Domain 3 Disease Management: Recognition, Causes and Management
- Section 4 Therapeutic Interventions and Organ Support
- Introduction
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Drug Interactions
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- Summary
- Introduction
- Pharmacological Principles of Monitoring
- Pharmacological Characteristics of Antibiotics
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Specific Drugs
- Special Circumstances
- Antibiotic Stewardship
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Blood Groups and Cross-Matching
- Safe Transfusion
- Adverse Effects of Transfusion
- Patient Blood Management
- Effective Transfusion in Surgery and Critical Care
- Major Haemorrhage
- Management of Patients Who Do not Accept Transfusion
- Introduction
- Conventional Coagulation Tests
- Point-of-Care Tests
- Fluids
- Inotropes, Vasopressors and Inodilators
- Vasodilators
- Anti-hypertensives
- Introduction
- Aims and Indications for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Types of Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Implementation and Monitoring of Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Summary and Conclusion
- Initiating Mechanical Ventilation
- Maintenance of Ventilation
- Modes of Ventilation
- Ventilation Considerations
- Special Considerations
- Weaning from Ventilation
- Introduction
- Indications
- Principles and Techniques of RRT
- Nomenclatures for Continuous RRT
- Modalities of RRT
- Timing of RRT Initiation
- Vascular Access
- Dose of RRT
- Fluid Balance and Management
- Anticoagulation
- CRRT Prescription and Monitoring
- Complications of CRRT
- Weaning from RRT
- Conclusion
- Introduction
- How to Provide Nutritional Support
- Refeeding Syndrome
- Protocols
- Summary
- Introduction
- Intracranial Pressure
- Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension
- Jugular Bulb Oximetry
- Cerebral Microdialysis
- Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
- Continuous Electroencephalography
- 4.1 Principles of Safe Prescription of Drugs and Therapeutics (Including Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Monitoring)
- 4.2 Antibiotic Management and Monitoring
- 4.3 Administration of Blood and Blood Products in Intensive Care
- 4.4 Monitoring Coagulation, Including Thromboelastography
- 4.5 Fluids, Inotropes and Vasopressors, Vasodilators and Anti-hypertensives
- 4.6 Principles of Mechanical Circulatory Support in the Acute Setting
- 4.7 Mechanical Ventilation: Initiation, Maintenance and Weaning
- 4.8 Renal Replacement Therapy in Critical Care
- 4.9 Nutritional Assessment and Support in Intensive Care (Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition)
- 4.10 Neuromonitoring and Cerebral Protection
- Domain 5 Practical Procedures
- Section 6 Perioperative Care
- Section 7 Comfort and Recovery
- Section 8 End-of-Life Care
- Section 9 Paediatric Care
- Section 10 Transport
- Section 11 Professionalism, Patient Safety, Governance and Health Systems Management
- Index
- References
4.3 - Administration of Blood and Blood Products in Intensive Care
from Section 4 - Therapeutic Interventions and Organ Support
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 27 July 2023
Book contents
- Intensive Care Medicine
- Intensive Care Medicine
- Copyright page
- Dedication
- Dedication
- Epigraph
- Contents
- Contributors
- Preface
- Foreword
- Abbreviations
- Section 1 Resuscitation and Management of the Acutely Ill Patient
- Section 2 Diagnosis, Assessment, Investigation, Monitoring and Data Interpretation
- Domain 3 Disease Management: Recognition, Causes and Management
- Section 4 Therapeutic Interventions and Organ Support
- Introduction
- Pharmacokinetics
- Pharmacodynamics
- Drug Interactions
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring
- Summary
- Introduction
- Pharmacological Principles of Monitoring
- Pharmacological Characteristics of Antibiotics
- Therapeutic Drug Monitoring for Specific Drugs
- Special Circumstances
- Antibiotic Stewardship
- Acknowledgements
- Introduction
- Blood Groups and Cross-Matching
- Safe Transfusion
- Adverse Effects of Transfusion
- Patient Blood Management
- Effective Transfusion in Surgery and Critical Care
- Major Haemorrhage
- Management of Patients Who Do not Accept Transfusion
- Introduction
- Conventional Coagulation Tests
- Point-of-Care Tests
- Fluids
- Inotropes, Vasopressors and Inodilators
- Vasodilators
- Anti-hypertensives
- Introduction
- Aims and Indications for Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Types of Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Implementation and Monitoring of Mechanical Circulatory Support
- Summary and Conclusion
- Initiating Mechanical Ventilation
- Maintenance of Ventilation
- Modes of Ventilation
- Ventilation Considerations
- Special Considerations
- Weaning from Ventilation
- Introduction
- Indications
- Principles and Techniques of RRT
- Nomenclatures for Continuous RRT
- Modalities of RRT
- Timing of RRT Initiation
- Vascular Access
- Dose of RRT
- Fluid Balance and Management
- Anticoagulation
- CRRT Prescription and Monitoring
- Complications of CRRT
- Weaning from RRT
- Conclusion
- Introduction
- How to Provide Nutritional Support
- Refeeding Syndrome
- Protocols
- Summary
- Introduction
- Intracranial Pressure
- Brain Tissue Oxygen Tension
- Jugular Bulb Oximetry
- Cerebral Microdialysis
- Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound
- Continuous Electroencephalography
- 4.1 Principles of Safe Prescription of Drugs and Therapeutics (Including Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics and Drug Monitoring)
- 4.2 Antibiotic Management and Monitoring
- 4.3 Administration of Blood and Blood Products in Intensive Care
- 4.4 Monitoring Coagulation, Including Thromboelastography
- 4.5 Fluids, Inotropes and Vasopressors, Vasodilators and Anti-hypertensives
- 4.6 Principles of Mechanical Circulatory Support in the Acute Setting
- 4.7 Mechanical Ventilation: Initiation, Maintenance and Weaning
- 4.8 Renal Replacement Therapy in Critical Care
- 4.9 Nutritional Assessment and Support in Intensive Care (Enteral and Parenteral Nutrition)
- 4.10 Neuromonitoring and Cerebral Protection
- Domain 5 Practical Procedures
- Section 6 Perioperative Care
- Section 7 Comfort and Recovery
- Section 8 End-of-Life Care
- Section 9 Paediatric Care
- Section 10 Transport
- Section 11 Professionalism, Patient Safety, Governance and Health Systems Management
- Index
- References
Summary
Key Learning Points
1. Right blood, right patient, right time and right place is the key message for safe blood administration.
2. Accidental transfusion of ABO-incompatible blood is classified as a ‘never event’.
3. Most errors could be prevented by a final bedside check when performed correctly.
4. Patient blood management has three pillars of focus to reduce unnecessary transfusions: recognition and treatment of anaemia, minimisation of bleeding and blood loss and optimisation of anaemia and transfusion thresholds.
5. Unnecessary delays in transfusion can lead to death and major morbidity.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Intensive Care MedicineThe Essential Guide, pp. 467 - 472Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2021
References
References and Further Reading
Hébert, PC, Wells, G, Blachman, MA, et al. A multicenter, randomized, controlled clinical trial of transfusion requirements in critical care. N Engl J Med 1999;340:409–17.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Klein, AA, Arnold, P, Bingham, RM, et al. AAGBI guidelines: the use of blood components and their alternatives. Anaesthesia 2016;71:829–42.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. 2015. Blood transfusion. NICE guideline [NG24]. www.nice.org.uk/guidance/ng24Google Scholar
Norfolk, D (ed). Handbook of Transfusion Medicine, 5th edn. Norwich: The Stationery Office; 2013.Google Scholar
Serious Hazards of Transfusion (SHOT). SHOT publications – articles. www.shotuk.org/shot-publications-2/750-2/Google Scholar