4 - Pragmatic relations: topic

Summary

Definition of topic

Topic and aboutness

Let me begin with a few remarks about what I will not take “topic” to be in this chapter. First, in keeping with the decision to restrict my research to pragmatic phenomena with grammatical, in particular syntactic, correlates in sentence structure (cf. Section 1.1), I will restrict my attention to sentence topics or clause topics. I will have little to say about the notion of discourse topic, which has more to do with discourse understanding and text cohesion than with the grammatical form of sentences (cf. Halliday & Hasan 1976, Ochs Keenan & Schieffelin 1976b, Van Dijk 1977, Reinhart 1982, Barnes 1985, Van Oosten 1985), although I will sometimes informally use that term to designate a topic expression whose referent is pragmatically salient beyond the limit of a single sentence.

Second, I would like to emphasize from the outset that the concept of topic developed here does not coincide with that of topic (or “theme”) as the “element which comes first in a sentence.” In the framework adopted here, sentence-initial elements may either be topics or foci, hence cannot be identified with either of these categories. The notion of topic/theme as the first element in the sentence is extensively discussed in Prague School research (cf. e.g. the summary in Firbas 1966a) and has been adopted e.g. by Halliday (1967) and Fries (1983).