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Chapter 28 - Oocyte and embryo cryopreservation

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  16 May 2011

By
Tetsunori Mukaida  and
Chikahiro Oka
Edited by
David K. Gardner ,
Botros R. M. B. Rizk  and
Tommaso Falcone
David K. Gardner
Affiliation:
University of Melbourne
Botros R. M. B. Rizk
Affiliation:
University of South Alabama
Tommaso Falcone
Affiliation:
Cleveland Clinic Foundation
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Summary

This chapter focuses on vitrification technologies for cryopreservation in human assisted reproductive technology (ART). For cryopreservation of human embryos, PROH and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) have been used as the dominant cryoprotective agents (CPAs). There are several protocols that have been introduced for human day 2-3 vitrification. The differences between the protocols are related to the type and concentration of CPAs and duration of exposure of CPAs. The chapter presents a summary of those protocols and clinical outcomes. A large blastocoel might lessen cryopreservative potential due to ice crystal formation during the rapid cooling phase of vitrification. To overcome this problem, shrinkage of the blastocoel was thought to be the appropriate approach. Cryopreservation of human oocytes has been significantly improved by refined slow-freezing methods and new vitrification techniques. In future, vitrification will become the most suitable method for cryopreservation of any cells and tissues.

Keywords

annexin V-conjugated microbeadsapoptosis markerapoptotic spermatozoamagnetic-activated cell sortingsperm selectionintracytoplasmic sperm injectionin vitro fertilizationhyaluronic acid
Type
Chapter
Information
Human Assisted Reproductive Technology
Future Trends in Laboratory and Clinical Practice
 , pp. 313 - 325
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2011

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