Book contents
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Section 1 Prepregnancy Problems
- Section 2 Early Prenatal Problems
- Section 3 Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems
- Chapter 9 Prenatal Fetal Surveillance (Content last reviewed: 15th December 2018)
- Chapter 10 Fetal Growth Disorders (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 11 Disorders of Amniotic Fluid (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 12 Fetal Hemolytic Disease (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 13 Fetal Thrombocytopenia (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 14 Fetal Cardiac Arrhythmias (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 15 Fetal Cardiac Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 16 Fetal Craniospinal and Facial Abnormalities
- Chapter 17 Fetal Genitourinary Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 18 Fetal Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 19 Fetal Skeletal Abnormalities
- Chapter 20 Fetal Tumors (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 21 Fetal Hydrops (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 22 Fetal Death
- Section 4 Problems Associated with Infection
- Chapter 24 Hepatitis Virus Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 26 Rubella, Measles, Mumps, Varicella, and Parvovirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 27 Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Human Papillomavirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 28 Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 15th June 2018)
- Chapter 29 Other Infectious Conditions in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Section 5 Late Pregnancy – Maternal Problems
- Section 6 Late Prenatal – Obstetric Problems
- Section 7 Postnatal Problems
- Section 8 Normal Values
- Index
- References
Chapter 10 - Fetal Growth Disorders (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
from Section 3 - Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 15 November 2017
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- High-Risk Pregnancy: Management Options
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Contributors
- Section 1 Prepregnancy Problems
- Section 2 Early Prenatal Problems
- Section 3 Late Prenatal – Fetal Problems
- Chapter 9 Prenatal Fetal Surveillance (Content last reviewed: 15th December 2018)
- Chapter 10 Fetal Growth Disorders (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 11 Disorders of Amniotic Fluid (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 12 Fetal Hemolytic Disease (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 13 Fetal Thrombocytopenia (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 14 Fetal Cardiac Arrhythmias (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 15 Fetal Cardiac Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 16 Fetal Craniospinal and Facial Abnormalities
- Chapter 17 Fetal Genitourinary Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 18 Fetal Gastrointestinal and Abdominal Abnormalities (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 19 Fetal Skeletal Abnormalities
- Chapter 20 Fetal Tumors (Content last reviewed: 15th February 2018)
- Chapter 21 Fetal Hydrops (Content last reviewed: 15th March 2020)
- Chapter 22 Fetal Death
- Section 4 Problems Associated with Infection
- Chapter 24 Hepatitis Virus Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 25 Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 23rd July 2019)
- Chapter 26 Rubella, Measles, Mumps, Varicella, and Parvovirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 27 Cytomegalovirus, Herpes Simplex Virus, Adenovirus, Coxsackievirus, and Human Papillomavirus in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Chapter 28 Parasitic Infections in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 15th June 2018)
- Chapter 29 Other Infectious Conditions in Pregnancy (Content last reviewed: 11th November 2020)
- Section 5 Late Pregnancy – Maternal Problems
- Section 6 Late Prenatal – Obstetric Problems
- Section 7 Postnatal Problems
- Section 8 Normal Values
- Index
- References
Summary
Disturbance of normal fetal growth can result in abnormal weight, body mass, or body proportion at birth. The two principal fetal growth disorders are fetal growth restriction (FGR) (also known as intrauterine growth restriction, IUGR) and macrosomia, both of which are associated with increased perinatal mortality and short- and long-term morbidity. Perinatal detection of fetal growth disorders has evolved dramatically since the late 1960s, when fetal growth was defined by birth weight before antenatal ultrasound assessment of fetal growth was clinically available. The absolute birth weight was classified as either macrosomia (> 4000 g), low birth weight, very low birth weight, or extremely low birth weight (< 2500 g, < 1500 g, and < 1000 g, respectively). The landmark observations of Lubchenco and colleagues in 1963 showed that the classification of neonates by birth-weight percentile had a significant prognostic advantage because it improved the detection of neonates with FGR and who are at increased risk for adverse health events throughout life. Neonates are now classified as very small for gestational age (< 3rd percentile), small for gestational age (< 10th percentile), appropriate for gestational age (10th–90th percentile), or large for gestational age (> 90th percentile). With the development of reference ranges for fetal measurements and the study of their growth rates with advancing gestation, it became possible to apply the concept of growth percentiles prenatally. Subsequently, it became possible to relate absolute and serial fetal measurements to their gestational age-specific percentiles in order to diagnose abnormal fetal size and growth velocity. The detection of a fetal growth disorder is further enhanced if the reference ranges for fetal biometric data and birth weight account for maternal height and race and fetal birth order and sex (growth potential). A neonate may be of normal weight but still significantly lighter than its growth potential. Growth potential percentiles are superior to conventional reference ranges for the prediction of adverse perinatal outcome.
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- High-Risk PregnancyManagement Options, pp. 225 - 267Publisher: Cambridge University PressFirst published in: 2017