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Chapter 18 - Urban Energy Systems

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2012

Global Energy Assessment Writing Team
By
Arnulf Grubler ,
Xuemei Bai ,
Thomas Buettner ,
Shobhakar Dhakal ,
David J. Fisk ,
Toshiaki Ichinose ,
James E. Keirstead ,
Gerd Sammer ,
David Satterthwaite  and
Niels B. Schulz
...Show all authors
Arnulf Grubler
Affiliation:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria and Yale University
Xuemei Bai
Affiliation:
Australian National University
Thomas Buettner
Affiliation:
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs
Shobhakar Dhakal
Affiliation:
Global Carbon Project and National Institute for Environmental Studies
David J. Fisk
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Toshiaki Ichinose
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies
James E. Keirstead
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Gerd Sammer
Affiliation:
University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences
David Satterthwaite
Affiliation:
International Institute for Environment and Development
Niels B. Schulz
Affiliation:
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis, Austria and Imperial College
Nilay Shah
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Julia Steinberger
Affiliation:
The Institute of Social Ecology, Austria and University of Leeds
Helga Weisz
Affiliation:
Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research
Gilbert Ahamer
Affiliation:
University of Graz
Timothy Baynes
Affiliation:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Daniel Curtis
Affiliation:
Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Michael Doherty
Affiliation:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Nick Eyre
Affiliation:
Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Junichi Fujino
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Keisuke Hanaki
Affiliation:
University of Tokyo
Mikiko Kainuma
Affiliation:
National Institute for Environmental Studies
Shinji Kaneko
Affiliation:
Hiroshima University
Manfred Lenzen
Affiliation:
University of Sydney
Jacqui Meyers
Affiliation:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Hitomi Nakanishi
Affiliation:
University of Canberra
Victoria Novikova
Affiliation:
Oxford University Centre for the Environment
Krishnan S. Rajan
Affiliation:
International Institute of Information Technology
Seongwon Seo
Affiliation:
Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation
Ram M. Shrestha
Affiliation:
Asian Institute of Technology
Priyadarshi R. Shukla
Affiliation:
Indian Institute of Management
Alice Sverdlik
Affiliation:
International Institute for Environment and Development
Jayant Sathaye
Affiliation:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
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Summary

Executive Summary

More than 50% of the global population already lives in urban settlements and urban areas are projected to absorb almost all the global population growth to 2050, amounting to some additional three billion people. Over the next decades the increase in rural population in many developing countries will be overshadowed by population flows to cities. Rural populations globally are expected to peak at a level of 3.5 billion people by around 2020 and decline thereafter, albeit with heterogeneous regional trends. This adds urgency in addressing rural energy access, but our common future will be predominantly urban. Most of urban growth will continue to occur in small-to medium-sized urban centers. Growth in these smaller cities poses serious policy challenges, especially in the developing world. In small cities, data and information to guide policy are largely absent, local resources to tackle development challenges are limited, and governance and institutional capacities are weak, requiring serious efforts in capacity building, novel applications of remote sensing, information, and decision support techniques, and new institutional partnerships. While ‘megacities’ with more than 10 million inhabitants have distinctive challenges, their contribution to global urban growth will remain comparatively small.

Energy-wise, the world is already predominantly urban. This assessment estimates that between 60–80% of final energy use globally is urban, with a central estimate of 75%. Applying national energy (or GHG inventory) reporting formats to the urban scale and to urban administrative boundaries is often referred to as a ‘production’ accounting approach and underlies the above GEA estimate.

Type
Chapter
Information
Global Energy Assessment
Toward a Sustainable Future
 , pp. 1307 - 1400
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2012

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