Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-lnqnp Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T02:58:54.027Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

References

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 April 2018

Carolyn M. Warner
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Ramazan Kılınç
Affiliation:
University of Nebraska, Omaha
Christopher W. Hale
Affiliation:
University of Alabama
Adam B. Cohen
Affiliation:
Arizona State University
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Generating Generosity in Catholicism and Islam
Beliefs, Institutions, and Public Goods Provision
, pp. 263 - 286
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2018

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abdoun, Karim, Chevre, Mathilde, Atayoui, Asthma Al, and Faïk, Abdel Aziz, eds. 2004. Histoires de mosquées. Recueil de témoinages. Schiltigheim: Editions Kalima.Google Scholar
Abrahms, Max. 2008. “What Terrorists Really Want: Terrorist Motives and Counterterrorism Strategy,” International Security 32/4: 78105.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Abrams, Dominic, Wetherell, Margaret, Cochrane, Sandra, Hogg, Michael, and Turner, John. 1990. “Knowing What to Think by Knowing Who You Are: Self-Categorization and the Nature of Norm Formation, Conformity and Group Polarization,” British Journal of Social Psychology 29: 97119.Google Scholar
Ahmed, Ali M. 2009. “Are Religious People More Prosocial? A Quasi-Experimental Study with Madrasah Pupils in a Rural Community in India,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 48/2: 368374.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ahmed, Ali, and Hammarstedt, Mats. 2011. “The Effect of Subtle Religious Representations on Cooperation,” International Journal of Social Economics 38/11: 900910.Google Scholar
Ahn, T. K., Esarey, Justin, and Scholz, John T.. 2009. “Reputation and Cooperation in Voluntary Exchanges: Comparing Local and Central Institutions,” Journal of Politics 71/2 (Apr.): 398413.Google Scholar
Aktipis, Athena. 2016. “Principles of Cooperation across Systems: From Human Sharing to Multicellularity and Cancer,” Evolutionary Applications 9: 1736.Google Scholar
Al-Ghazzali, Mohammad. 1966. The Mysteries of Almsgiving: Ihya-i Ulum al-Din Book 5, trans. Faris, Nabih Amin. Beirut: American University of Beirut.Google Scholar
Alcorta, Candace S., and Sosis, Richard. 2013. “Ritual, Religion and Violence: An Evolutionary Perspective.” In Oxford Handbook of Religion and Violence, edited by Juergensmeyer, Mark, Kitts, Margo, and Jerryson, Michael, 571596. New York: Oxford University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Alexander, Marcus, and Christia, Fotini. 2011. “Context Modularity of Human Altruism,” Science 334 (Dec. 9): 13921394.Google Scholar
Ali, Jan A. 2014. “Zakat and Poverty in Islam.” In Islam and Development: Exploring the Invisible Aid Economy, edited by Clarke, Matthew and Tittensor, David, 1532. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Allievi, Stefano. 2003. Islam Italiano. Viaggio nella seconda religione del paese. Torino: Einaudi.Google Scholar
Allport, Gordon W., and Ross, J. Michael. 1967. “Personal Orientation and Prejudice,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 5: 432443.Google Scholar
Andreoni, James. 1990. “Impure Altruism and Donations to Public Goods: A Theory of Warm-Glow Giving,” The Economic Journal 100 (June): 464477.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreoni, James. 1993. “An Experimental Test of the Public-Goods Crowding-Out Hypothesis,” American Economic Review 83/5 (Dec.): 13171327.Google Scholar
Andreoni, James, and Payne, A. Abigail. 2003. “Do Government Grants to Private Charities Crowd Out Giving or Fund-Raising?,” American Economic Review 93/3 (June): 792812.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreoni, James, and Rao, Justin. 2011. “The Power of Asking: How Communication Affects Selfishness, Empathy, and Altruism,” Journal of Public Economics 95: 513520.Google Scholar
Andreoni, James, Rao, Justin, and Trachtman, Hannah. 2011. “Avoiding the Ask: A Field Experiment on Altruism, Empathy and Charitable Giving.” NBER Working Paper No. 17648, Dec.Google Scholar
Arjomand, Said Amir. 1998. “Philanthropy, the Law, and Public Policy in the Islamic World before the Modern Era.” In Philanthropy in the World’s Traditions, edited by Ilchman, Warren Frederick, Katz, Stanley Nider, and Queen, Edward L., 109132. Indianapolis: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Arslan, M. 2001. “The Work Ethic Values of Protestant British, Catholic Irish and Muslim Turkish Managers,” Journal of Business Ethics 31/4 (June): 321339.Google Scholar
Atia, Mona. 2013. Building a House in Heaven: Pious Neoliberalism and Islamic Charity in Egypt. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.Google Scholar
Atran, Scott, and Ginges, Jeremy. 2012. “Religious and Sacred Imperatives in Human Conflict,” Science 336: 855857.Google Scholar
Atran, Scott, and Heinrich, Joseph. 2010. “The Evolution of Religion: How Cognitive By-Products, Adaptive Learning Heuristics, Ritual Displays, and Group Competition Generate Deep Commitments to Prosocial Religions,” Biological Theory 5/1: 1830.Google Scholar
Atran, Scott, and Norenzayan, Ara. 2004. “Religion’s Evolutionary Landscape: Counterintuition, Commitment, Compassion, Communion,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 27: 713770.Google Scholar
Aydın, Mustafa. 2004. “Süleymancılık.” In Modern Türkiye’de Siyasi Düşünce 6: İslamcılık, edited by Bora, Tanıl and Gültekingil, Meral, 308322. İstanbul: İletişim Yayınları.Google Scholar
Bailey, Betty Jane, and Bailey, J. Martin. 2003. Who Are the Christians in the Middle East? Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.Google Scholar
Baldwin, Peter. 1990. The Politics of Social Solidarity: Class Bases of the European Welfare State, 1875–1975. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Bargh, John A. 2006. “What Have We Been Priming All These Years? On the Development, Mechanisms, and Ecology of Nonconscious Social Behavior,” European Journal of Social Psychology 36/2: 147168.Google Scholar
Bargh, John A., and Chartrand, Tanya L.. 2000. “Studying the Mind in the Middle: A Practical Guide to Priming and Automaticity Research.” In Handbook of Research Methods in Social and Personality Psychology, edited by Reis, Harry T. and Judd, Charles, 253284. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Barker, Christine R. 2000. “Church and State Relationships in German ‘Public Benefit’ Law,” International Journal of Not-for-Profit Law 3/2 (Dec.): www.icnl.org/research/journal/vol3iss2/art_1.htm.Google Scholar
Bartkowski, John P., and Regis, Helen A.. 2003. Charitable Choices: Religion, Race, and Poverty in the Post-Welfare Era. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Basedevant-Gaudemet, Brigitte. 2000. “The Legal Status of Islam in France.” In Islam and European Legal Systems, edited by Ferrari, Silvio and Bradney, Anthony, 97124. Aldershot: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Batson, C. Daniel. 2014. The Altruism Question: Toward a Social-Psychological Answer. New York: Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar
Batson, C. Daniel, Lishner, David A., and Stocks, Eric L.. 2015. “The Empathy–Altruism Hypothesis.” In The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior, edited by Schroeder, David A. and Graziano, William G., 259281. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Bean, Lydia. 2014. “Compassionate Conservatives? Evangelicals, Economic Conservatism, and National Identity,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 53/1: 164186.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Becker, Gary S. 1976. “Altruism, Egoism and Genetic Fitness: Economics and Sociobiology,” Journal of Economic Literature 14/3 (Sept.): 817826.Google Scholar
Bekkers, René, and Schuyt, Theo. 2007. “And Who Is Your Neighbor? Explaining Denominational Differences in Charitable Giving and Volunteering in the Netherlands,” Review of Religious Research 50/1 (Sept.): 7496.Google Scholar
Bekkers, René, and Wiepking, Pamela. 2011. “A Literature Review of Empirical Studies of Philanthropy: Eight Mechanisms That Drive Charitable Giving,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 40/5 (Oct.): 924973.Google Scholar
Bendor, Jonathan, Kramer, Roderick, and Swistak, Piotr. 1996. “Cooperation under Uncertainty: What Is New, What Is True, and What Is Important,” American Sociological Review 61: 333338.Google Scholar
Benedict, Pope XVI. 2009. Encyclical Letter Caritas in Veritate of the Supreme Pontiff Benedict XVI. http://w2.vatican.va/content/benedict-xvi/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_ben-xvi_enc_20090629_caritas-in-veritate.html.Google Scholar
Bennett, Andrew, and Elman, Colin. 2006. “Complex Causal Relations and Case Study Methods: The Example of Path Dependence,” Political Analysis 14: 250267.Google Scholar
Benthall, Jonathan, and Bellion-Jourdan, Jérôme. 2003. The Charitable Crescent: The Politics of Aid in the Muslim World. London: I. B. Tauris.Google Scholar
Berger, Peter L. 1974. “Some Second Thoughts on Substantive versus Functional Definitions of Religion,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 13: 125133.Google Scholar
Berman, Eli. 2009. Radical, Religious and Violent: The New Economics of Terrorism. Cambridge: MIT Press.Google Scholar
Berman, Eli, and Laitin, David D.. 2008. “Religion, Terrorism and Public Goods: Testing the Club Model,” Journal of Public Economics 92/10–11 (Oct.): 19421967.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Berry, William D., Golder, Matt, and Milton, Daniel. 2012. “Improving Tests of Theories Positing Interaction,” The Journal of Politics 74/3 (July): 653671.Google Scholar
Berryman, Phillip. 1987. Liberation Theology: Essential Facts about the Revolutionary Movement in Latin America and Beyond. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.Google Scholar
Bielefeld, Wolfgang, and Cleveland, William Suhs. 2013. “Faith-Based Organizations as Service Providers and Their Relationship to Government,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 42/3: 468494.Google Scholar
Bittschi, Benjamin, Borgloh, Sarah, and Wigger, Berthold U.. 2016. “Philanthropy in a Secular Society.” Centre for European Economic Research. Discussion Paper 16-021.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Blogowska, Joanna, Lambert, Catherine, and Saroglou, Vassilis. 2013. “Religious Prosociality and Aggression: It’s Real,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 52/3 (Sept.): 524536.Google Scholar
Blouin, David D., Robinson, Robert V., and Starks, Brian. 2013. “Are Religious People More Compassionate and Does This Matter Politically?,” Politics and Religion 6: 618645.Google Scholar
Boix, Carles, and Posner, Daniel. 1998. “Social Capital: Explaining Its Origins and Effects on Governmental Performance,” British Journal of Political Science 28/4: 686693.Google Scholar
Bonner, Michael, Ener, Mine, and Singer, Amy, eds. 2003. Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts. Albany: State University Press of New York.Google Scholar
Borgonovi, Francesca. 2008. “Divided We Stand, United We Fall: Religious Pluralism, Giving, and Volunteering,” American Sociological Review 73 (Feb.): 105128.Google Scholar
Bottan, Nicolas L., and Perez-Truglia, Ricardo. 2015. “Losing My Religion: The Effects of Religious Scandal on Religious Participation and Charitable Giving,” Journal of Public Economics 129 (Sept.): 106119.Google Scholar
Bowers, Jake. 2011. “Making Effects Manifest in Randomized Experiments.” In Cambridge Handbook of Experimental Political Science, edited by Druckman, James N., Green, Donald P., Kuklinski, James H., and Lupia, Arthur, 459480. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pascal. 1994. The Naturalness of Religious Ideas: A Cognitive Theory of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Boyer, Pierre, Dweger, Nadja, and Rincke, Johannes. 2014. “Do Taxes Crowd Out Intrinsic Motivation? Field-Experimental Evidence from Germany,” Working Paper, Max Planck Institute for Tax Law and Public Finance No. 2014-23.Google Scholar
Brady, Henry E. 2008. “Causation and Explanation in Social Science.” In The Oxford Handbook of Political Methodology, edited by Box-Steffensmeier, Janet M., Brady, Henry E., and Collier, David, 217270. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Brady, Henry E., and Collier, David, eds. 2004. Rethinking Social Inquiry: Diverse Tools, Shared Standards. Lantham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield.Google Scholar
Brady, Henry E., Collier, David, and Seawright, Jason. 2006. “Toward a Pluralistic Vision of Methodology,” Political Analysis 14: 353368.Google Scholar
Brambor, Thomas, Clark, William Roberts, and Golder, Matt. 2006. “Understanding Interaction Models: Improving Empirical Analyses,” Political Analysis 14: 6382.Google Scholar
Brewer, Stephanie M., Jozefowicz, James J., and Stonebraker, Robert J.. 2006. “Religious Free Riders: The Impact of Market Share,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 45/3: 389396.Google Scholar
Brown, Dorothy M., and McKeown, Elizabeth. 2009. The Poor Belong to Us: Catholic Charities and American Welfare. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Buchanan, Tom, and Conway, Martin, eds. 1996. Political Catholicism in Europe, 1918–1965. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Buğra, Ayşe, and Keyder, Cağlar. 2006. “The Turkish Welfare Regime in Transformation,” Journal of European Social Policy 16/3: 211228.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Buis, Maarten L. 2007. “Predict and Adjust with Logistic Regression.” The Stata Journal 7/2: 221226.Google Scholar
Bulbulia, Joseph. 2004. “Religious Costs as Adaptations That Signal Altruistic Intention,” Evolution and Cognition 10/1: 1938.Google Scholar
Bulbulia, Joseph, and Sosis, Richard. 2011. “Signalling Theory and the Evolution of Religious Cooperation,” Religion 41/3 (Sept.): 363388.Google Scholar
Burton-Chellew, Maxwell N., and West, Stuart A.. 2013. “Prosocial Preferences Do Not Explain Human Cooperation in Public-Goods Games,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 110/1 (Jan. 2): 216221.Google Scholar
Bush, George W. 2001. Executive Order: Establishment of White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives. Jan. 29, 2001. https://www.gpo.gov/fdsys/pkg/WCPD-2001-02-05/pdf/WCPD-2001-02-05-Pg235.pdf.Google Scholar
Cammett, Melani. 2014. Compassionate Communalism: Welfare and Sectarianism in Lebanon. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cammett, Melani, and Issar, Sukriti. 2010. “Bricks and Mortar Clientelism: Sectarianism and the Logics of Welfare Allocation in Lebanon,” World Politics 62/3: 381421.Google Scholar
Cammett, Melani, and MacClean, Lauren M., eds. 2014. The Politics of Non-State Welfare. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Candland, Christopher. 2000. “Faith as Social Capital: Religion and Community Development in Southern Asia,” Policy Studies 33/3–4: 355374.Google Scholar
Caputo, Richard K. 2009. “Religious Capital and Intergenerational Transmission of Volunteering as Correlates of Civic Engagement,” Nonprofit and Voluntary Sector Quarterly 38 (Dec.): 9831002.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carabain, Christine L., and Bekkers, Ren. 2012. “Explaining Differences in Philanthropic Behavior between Christians, Muslims and Hindus in the Netherlands,” Review of Religious Research 53: 419440.Google Scholar
Cassanova, José. 1994. Public Religions in the Modern World. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Catechism of the Catholic Church. 1999. London: Geoffrey Chapman.Google Scholar
Catholic Church. United States Conference of Catholic Bishops. 2006. Manual of Indulgences: Apostolic Penitentiary. Washington, DC: United States Conference of Catholic Bishops.Google Scholar
Ceccarini, Luigi. 2005. “Fedeli, secolarizzati, irregolari: i cattolici italiani,” Il Mulino 5 (Sept.–Oct.): 852862.Google Scholar
Cesari, Jocelyne. 1994. Étre Musulman en France. Paris: Karthala.Google Scholar
Charities Aid Foundation (CAF). 2006. International Comparisons of Charitable Giving. CAF briefing paper. November. www.cafonline.org.Google Scholar
Chaves, Mark. 2010. “Rain Dances in the Dry Season: Overcoming the Religious Congruence Fallacy,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 49/1: 114.Google Scholar
Chen, Daniel L. 2010. “Club Goods and Group Identity: Evidence from Islamic Resurgence during the Indonesian Financial Crisis,” Journal of Political Economy 118/2: 300354.Google Scholar
Cherry, Stephen M. 2014. Faith, Family, and Filipino American Community Life. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Cherry, Stephen M., and Ebaugh, Helen Rose, eds. 2014. Global Religious Movements across Borders: Sacred Service. Farnham: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Chwe, Michael Suk-Young. 2001. Rational Ritual: Culture, Coordination, and Common Knowledge. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Cialdini, Robert B., Brown, Stephanie L., Lewis, Brian P., Luce, Carol, and Neuberg, Steven L.. 1997. “Reinterpreting the Empathy–Altruism Relationship: When One into One Equals Oneness,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 73/3: 481494.Google Scholar
Çizakça, Murat. 2001 A History of Philanthropic Foundations: The Islamic World from the Seventh Century to the Present. Istanbul: Boğaziçi University Press.Google Scholar
Clark, Janine A. 2004. Islam, Charity, and Activism: Middle-Class Networks and Social Welfare in Egypt, Jordan, and Yemen. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Clemmons, William P., and Hester, Harvey. 1974. Growth through Groups. Nashville, TN: B&H Publishing Group.Google Scholar
Cnaan, Ram. 2002. Invisible Caring Hand: American Congregations and the Provision of Welfare. New York: New York University Press.Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam B. 2009. “Many Forms of Culture,” American Psychologist 64: 194204.Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam B., and Hill, P. C.. 2007. “Religion as Culture: Religious Individualism and Collectivism among American Catholics, Jews, and Protestants,” Journal of Personality 75: 709742.Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam B., and Rozin, Paul. 2001. “Religion and the Morality of Mentality,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 81: 697710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cohen, Adam B., Siegel, J. I., and Rozin, Paul. 2003. “Faith versus Practice: Different Bases for Religiosity Judgments by Jews and Protestants,” European Journal of Social Psychology 33: 287295.Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam B., Hall, D. E., Koenig, H. G., and Meador, K.. 2005. “Social versus Individual Motivation: Implications for Normative Definitions of Religious Orientation,” Personality and Social Psychology Review 9: 4861.Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam B., Malka, A., Rozin, Paul, and Cherfas, L.. 2006. “Religion and Unforgivable Offenses,” Journal of Personality 74: 85118.Google Scholar
Cohen, Adam B., Mazza, Gina L., Johnson, Kathryn A., Enders, Craig K., Warner, Carolyn M., Pasek, Michael H., and Cook, Jonathan E.. 2017. “Theorizing and Measuring Religiosity across Cultures,” Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43: 17241736.Google Scholar
Collins, Randall. 2004. Interaction Ritual Chains. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Constable, Giles. 2004. “Religious Communities, 1024–1215.” In The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 1024–c. 1215, vol. 4, edited by Luscombe, David and Riley-Smith, Jonathan, 335387. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Conway, Daniel. 1995. “Faith versus Money: Conflicting Views of Stewardship and Fundraising in the Church.” In Cultures of Giving: How Region and Religion Influence Philanthropy, edited by Hamilton, Charles H. and Ilchman, Warren F., 7178. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
Corcoran, Katie E. 2013. “Divine Exchanges: Applying Social Exchange Theory to Religious Behavior,” Rationality and Society 25/3: 335369.Google Scholar
Corcoran, Katie E. 2015. “Thinkers and Feelers: Emotion and Giving,” Social Science Research 52 (July): 686700.Google Scholar
Coriden, James A., and Fischer, Mark F.. 2016. Parish Councils: Pastoral and Finance. N.p.: Canon Law Society of America.Google Scholar
Cornes, Richard, and Sandler, Todd. 1996. The Theory of Externalities, Public Goods and Club Goods, 2nd edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Cox, James C., and Deck, Cary A.. 2006. “When Are Women More Generous than Men?,” Economic Inquiry 44: 587598.Google Scholar
Cronk, Lee, and Leech, Beth L.. 2012. Meeting at Grand Central: Understanding the Social and Evolutionary Roots of Cooperation. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Dahlberg, Lena. 2005. “Interaction between Voluntary and Statutory Social Service Provision in Sweden: A Matter of Welfare Pluralism, Substitution or Complementarity?,” Social Policy and Administration 39/7 (Dec.): 740763.Google Scholar
Davis, Nancy J., and Robinson, Robert V.. 1999. “Religious Cosmologies, Individualism and Politics in Italy,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 38/3: 339353.Google Scholar
Davis, Nancy J., and Robinson, Robert V.. 2006. “The Egalitarian Face of Islamic Orthodoxy: Support for Islamic Law and Economic Justice in Seven Muslim-Majority Nations,” American Sociological Review 71/2 (Apr.): 167190.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, Nancy J., and Robinson, Robert V.. 2012. Claiming Society for God: Religious Movements and Social Welfare. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Dawkins, Richard. 1976/2006. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Deaux, Kay. 1996. “Social Identification.” In Social Psychology: Handbook of Basic Principles, edited by Higgins, E. Tory and Kruglanski, Arie W., 777798. New York: Guilford.Google Scholar
Decety, Jean, Cowell, Jason M., Lee, Kang, Mahasneh, Randa, Malcolm-Smith, Susan, Selcuk, Bilge, and Zhou, Xinyue. 2015. “The Negative Association between Religiousness and Children’s Altruism across the World,” Current Biology 25/22: 29512955.Google Scholar
Decker, Scott H., and Van Winkle, Barrik. 1996. Life in the Gang: Family, Friends and Violence. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Den Uyl, Douglas J., and Rasmussen, Douglas B.. 1984. The Philosophic Thought of Ayn Rand. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.Google Scholar
Dhingra, Pawan H., and Becker, Penny Edgell. 2001. “Religious Involvement and Volunteering: Implications for Civil Society,” Sociology of Religion 62/3: 315335.Google Scholar
Diamanti, Ilvo, and Ceccarini, Luigi. 2007. “Catholics and Politics after the Christian Democrats: The Influential Minority.” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 12/1: 3759.Google Scholar
Diefendorf, Barbara A. 2004. From Penitence to Charity: Pious Women and the Catholic Reformation in Paris. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Díaz-Cayeros, Alberto, Estevez, Federico, and Magaloni, Beatriz. 2016. The Political Logic of Poverty Relief: Electoral Strategies and Social Policy in Mexico. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Djupe, Paul A., and Neiheisel, Jacob R.. 2012. “How Religious Communities Affect Political Participation among Latinos,” Social Science Quarterly 93/2 (June): 333355.Google Scholar
Donahue, Michael J. 1985. “Intrinsic and Extrinsic Religiousness: The Empirical Research,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 24/4 (Dec.): 418423.Google Scholar
Dougherty, K., and Whitehead, Andrew L.. 2011. “A Place to Belong: Small Group Involvement in Religious Congregations,” Sociology of Religion 72/1: 91111.Google Scholar
Durkheim, Émile. 1915. The Elementary Forms of the Religious Life: A Study in Religious Sociology, trans. Swain, Joseph Ward. London: George Allen & Unwin.Google Scholar
Eastis, Carla M. 1998. “Organizational Diversity and the Production of Social Capital: One of These Groups Is Not like the Other,” American Behavioral Scientist 42/1 (Sept.): 6677.Google Scholar
Ebaugh, Helen Rose. 2010. The Gülen Movement: A Sociological Analysis of a Civic Movement Rooted in Moderate Islam. Dordrecht: Springer.Google Scholar
Eckstein, Susan. 2001. “Community as Gift-Giving: Collectivistic Roots of Volunteerism,” American Sociological Review 66 (Dec.): 829851.Google Scholar
Edlin, Aaron, Gelman, Andrew, and Kaplan, Noah. 2007. “Voting as a Rational Choice: Why and How People Vote to Improve the Well-Being of Others,” Rationality and Society 19/3: 293314.Google Scholar
El Azayem, Gamal Abou, and Heydayat-Diba, Zari. 1994. “The Psychological Aspects of Islam: Basic Principles of Islam and Their Psychological Corollary,” International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 4/1: 4150.Google Scholar
El-Kazaz, Sarah. 2015. “The AKP and the Gülen: End of a Historic Alliance,” Middle East Brief, Crown Center for Middle East Studies, Brandeis University, No. 94 (July).Google Scholar
Erdoğan, Recep Tayyip. 2014. “Vakıf Haftası Mesajı,” May 5. www.akparti.org.tr/site/haberler/vakif-haftasi-mesaji1/62800#1.Google Scholar
Esposito, John L., and Mogahed, Dalia. 2008. Who Speaks for Islam: What a Billion Muslims Really Think. New York: Gallup Press.Google Scholar
European Social Survey (ESS). 2004. European Social Survey Round 2 Data. Data file edition 3.4. NSD Norwegian Social Science Data Services, Norway – Data Archive and distributor of ESS data.Google Scholar
Fearon, James, and Laitin, David D.. 1996. “Explaining Inter-Ethnic Cooperation,” American Political Science Review 90/4 (Dec.): 715735.Google Scholar
Feldman, Daniel C. 1984. “The Development and Enforcement of Group Norms,” Academy of Management Review 9/1: 4753.Google Scholar
Ferguson, Kristin M. Wu, Qiaobing, Spruijt-Metz, Donna, and Dyrness, Grace. 2007. “Outcomes Evaluation in Faith-Based Social Services: Are We Evaluating Faith Accurately?,” Research on Social Work Practice 17/2 (Mar.): 264276.Google Scholar
Ferrari, Silvio. 1999. “State and Religion: The Italian System.” Manuscript. www.olir.it/areetematiche/56/documents/Ferrari_Istanbul1999.pdf.Google Scholar
Ferris, J. Stephen, and West, Edwin G.. 2003. “Private versus Public Charity: Reassessing Crowding Out from the Supply Side,” Public Choice 116: 399417.Google Scholar
Fetzer, Joel S., and Soper, J. Christopher. 2005. Muslims and the State in Britain, France, and Germany. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Finke, Roger, and Stark, Rodney. 1988. “Religious Economies and Sacred Canopies: Religious Mobilization in American Cities, 1906,” American Sociological Review 53: 4149.Google Scholar
Fish, Steven M. 2011. Are Muslims Distinctive? A Look at the Evidence. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Fischer, Robert L. 2008. “In God We Trust – All Others Bring Data: Assessing the State of Research on Faith-Based and Community Programming.” Paper presented at the Association for Research on Nonprofit Organizations and Voluntary Action annual conference, Philadelphia, PA, November 20–22, 2008.Google Scholar
Flynn, Kieran. 2006. “Understanding Islam in Ireland,” Islam and Christian-Muslim Relations 17/2 (Apr.): 223238.Google Scholar
Flynn, Maureen. 1989. Sacred Charity: Confraternities and Social Welfare in Spain, 1400–1700. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Fogarty, Michael P. 1957. Christian Democracy in Western Europe, 1820–1953. London: Routledge & Kegan Paul.Google Scholar
Foschini, Paolo. 2010. “Tettamanzi: sui rom Palazzo Marino ora rispetti I patti,” Corriere della Sera, Oct. 8.Google Scholar
Fowler, James H., and Kam, Cindy. 2007. “Beyond the Self: Social Identity, Altruism, and Political Participation,” Journal of Politics 69/3 (Aug.): 813827.Google Scholar
Fox, Jonathan. 2008. A World Survey of Religion and State. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Fox, Jonathan. 2011. “Building Composite Measures of Religion and State,” Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 7/8: 139.Google Scholar
Fox, Jonathan, and Sandler, Shmuel. 2004. Bringing Religion into International Relations. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.Google Scholar
Franck, Raphaël, and Iannaccone, Laurence R.. 2014. “Religious Decline in the 20th Century West: Testing Alternative Explanations,” Public Choice 159: 385414.Google Scholar
Frazee, Charles A. 1983. Catholics and Sultans: The Church and the Ottoman Empire 1453–1923. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Frey, Bruno S., and Meier, Stephan 2004. “Pro-Social Behavior in a Natural Setting,” Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization 54: 6588.Google Scholar
Fridolfsson, C., and Elander, I.. 2012. “Faith-Based Organizations and Welfare State Retrenchment in Sweden: Substitute or Complement?,” Politics and Religion 5/3: 634654.Google Scholar
Fritz, M. S., and MacKinnon, D.P. 2007. “Requirement Sample Size to Detect the Mediated Effect,” Psychological Science 18: 233239.Google Scholar
Galen, Luke W. 2012. “Does Religious Belief Promote Prosociality? A Critical Examination,” Psychological Bulletin 138: 876906.Google Scholar
Gamm, Gerald. 1999. Urban Exodus: Why the Jews Left Boston and the Catholics Stayed. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Garelli, Franco. 2007. “The Public Relevance of the Church and Catholicism in Italy,” Journal of Modern Italian Studies 12/1 (Mar.): 836.Google Scholar
Garvin, Tom. 2004. Preventing the Future: Why Was Ireland So Poor for So Long? Dublin: Gill and Macmillan.Google Scholar
Gerring, John. 2004. “What Is a Case Study and What Is It Good For?,” American Political Science Review 98/2 (May): 341354.Google Scholar
Gerring, John. 2005. “Causation: A Unified Framework for the Social Sciences,” Journal of Theoretical Politics 17/2: 163198.Google Scholar
Gerring, John. 2007. Case Study Research: Principles and Practices. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gill, Anthony J. 1998. Rendering unto Caesar: The Catholic Church and the State in Latin America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Gill, Anthony. 2007. The Political Origins of Religious Liberty. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Gill, Anthony. 2013. “Religious Liberty and Economic Development: Exploring the Causal Connections,” The Review of Faith and International Affairs 11/4: 523.Google Scholar
Gill, Anthony, and Lundsgaarde, Erik. 2004. “State Welfare Spending and Religiosity: A Cross-National Analysis,” Rationality and Society 16/4: 399436.Google Scholar
Gillespie, Andra, and Michelson, Melissa R.. 2011. “Participant Observation and the Political Scientist: Possibilities, Priorities, and Practicalities,” PS: Political Science & Politics 44/2 (Apr.): 261265.Google Scholar
Ginges, Jeremy, Hansen, Ian, and Norenzayan, Ara. 2009. “Religion and Support for Suicide Attacks,” Psychological Science 20/2: 224230.Google Scholar
Gleditsch, Kristian S. 2013. Version 6.0. beta posted November 25, 2013. Originally cited and detailed in Kristian S. Gleditsch, “Expanded Trade and GDP Data,” Journal of Conflict Resolution 46 (2002): 712724.Google Scholar
Göçmen, İpek. 2014. “Religion, Politics and Social Assistance in Turkey: The Rise of Religiously Motivated Associations,” Journal of European Social Policy 24/1: 92103.Google Scholar
Goertz, Gary. 2006. Social Science Concepts. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Gomes, Cristina M., and McCullough, Michael E.. 2015. “The Effects of Implicit Religious Primes on Dictator Game Allocations: A Preregistered Replication Experiment,” Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 144/6 (Dec.): e94e104.Google Scholar
Gorsuch, R. L., and McPherson, S. E., 1989. “Intrinsic/Extrinsic Measurement: I/E-Revisited and Single-Item Scales,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 28: 348354.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, Gustavo. 1973. A Theology of Liberation: History, Politics, and Salvation, translated and edited by Sister Inda, Caridad and Eagleson, John. Ossining, NY: Orbis Books.Google Scholar
Graham, Jesse, and Haidt, Jonathan. 2010. “Beyond Beliefs: Religions Bind Individuals into Moral Communities,” Personality and Social Psychology Review 14/1: 140150.Google Scholar
Greenberg, Jeff, Solomon, Sheldon, and Pyszczynski, Tom. 1997. “Terror Management Theory of Self-Esteem and Cultural Worldviews: Empirical Assessments and Conceptual Refinements,” Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 29: 61139.Google Scholar
Greif, Avner. 1994. “Cultural Beliefs and the Organization of Society: A Historical and Theoretical Reflection on Collectivist and Individualist Societies,” The Journal of Political Economy 102/5 (Oct.): 912950.Google Scholar
Gülen, Fethullah. 2005. “Himmet: Teveccüh, İnfak ve Gayret,” Dec. 19. http://www.herkul.org/kirik-testi/himmet-teveccuh-infak-ve-gayret/.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez, Gustavo. 1971. Teología de la liberación: perspectivas. Lima: CEP.Google Scholar
Gwin, Carl R., Gwin, Carol F., North, Charles M., and Orman, Wafa Hakim. 2009. “Understanding Religious Choice: A Product Attributes Application.” Manuscript. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/c312/d79667072c9cf0156e64973352d150a3b283.pdf.Google Scholar
Habyarimana, James, Humphreys, Macartan, Posner, Daniel N., and Weinstein, Jeremy M.. 2007. “Why Does Ethnic Diversity Undermine Public Goods Provision?,” American Political Science Review 101/4 (Nov.): 709726.Google Scholar
Hadnes, Myriam, and Schumacher, Heiner. 2012. “The Gods Are Watching: An Experimental Study of Religious and Traditional Beliefs in Burkina Faso,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 51/4 (Dec.): 689704.Google Scholar
Haggard, Stephan, and Kaufman, Robert R.. 2008. Development, Democracy and the Welfare State: Latin America, East Asia, and Eastern Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Hale, Christopher W. 2015. “Religious Institutions and Civic Engagement: A Test of Religion’s Impact on Political Activism in Mexico,” Comparative Politics 47/2 (Jan.): 211230.Google Scholar
Haley, Kevin J., and Fessler, Daniel M. T.. 2005. “Nobody’s Watching?: Subtle Cues Affect Generosity in an Anonymous Economic Game,” Evolution and Human Behavior 28/3 (May): 245256.Google Scholar
Hall, Deborah, Cohen, Adam B., Meyer, Kaitlin K., Varley, Allison, and Brewer, Gene A. Jr. 2015. “Costly Signaling Increases Trust, Even across Religious Affiliations,” Psychological Science 26/9: 13681376.Google Scholar
Hallaq, Wael. 1999. A History of Islamic Legal Theories: An Introduction to Sunni Usul al-Fiqh. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Hancock, Graham. 1989. Lords of Poverty: The Power, Prestige, and Corruption of the International Aid Business. New York: Atlantic Monthly Press.Google Scholar
Harper Study Bible Revised Standard Version. 1965. Lindsell, Harold, ed. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Bible Publishers.Google Scholar
Harris, Fredrick C. 1999. Something Within: Religion in African-American Political Activism. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hassan, Riaz. 2002. Faithlines: Muslim Conceptions of Islam and Society. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Hassner, Ron E. 2009. War on Sacred Grounds. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Hatemi, Hüseyin, and Kalkan Oğuztürk, B. 2014. Kişiler Hukuku (Gerçek Kişiler–Tüzel Kişiler. İstanbul: Vedat Kitapçılık.Google Scholar
Healy, Kieran. 2000. “Embedded Altruism: Blood Collection Regimes and the European Union’s Donor Population,” American Journal of Sociology 105/6 (May): 16331657.Google Scholar
Healy, Kieran. 2006. Last Best Gifts: Altruism and the Market for Human Blood and Organs. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Hechter, Michael. 1987. Principles of Group Solidarity. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Helmke, Gretchen, and Levitsky, Steven. 2004. “Informal Institutions and Comparative Politics: A Research Agenda,” Perspectives on Politics 2/4: 725739.Google Scholar
Hendrick, Joshua D. 2009. “Globalization, Islamic Activism and Passive Revolution in Turkey: The Case of Fethullah Gülen,” Journal of Power 2/3 (July): 343368.Google Scholar
Henrich, Joseph, Heine, Steven J., and Norenzayan, Ara. 2010. “The Weirdest People in the World?,” Behavioral and Brain Sciences 2/3 (June): 6183.Google Scholar
Hennigan, Peter C. 2004. The Birth of a Legal Institution: The Formation of the Waqf in Third Century A. H. Hanafi Legal Discourse. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Hill, Peter C., and Pargament, Kenneth I.. 2003. “Advances in the Conceptualization and Measurement of Religion and Spirituality: Implications for Physical and Mental Health Research,” American Psychologist 58: 6474.Google Scholar
Himes, Kenneth R. 2006. “Vatican II and Contemporary Politics.” In The Catholic Church and the Nation-State: Comparative Perspectives, edited by Manuel, Paul Christopher, Reardon, Lawrence C., and Wilcox, Clyde, 1532. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Hitchens, Christopher. 2007. God Is Not Great: How Religion Poisons Everything. New York: Twelve.Google Scholar
Hoffman, Elizabeth, McCabe, Kevin, and Smith, Vernon. 1996. “Social Distance and Other-Regarding Behavior in Dictator Games,” American Economic Review 86/3: 653660.Google Scholar
Hoge, Dean R. 1994. “Introduction: The Problem of Understanding Church Giving,” Review of Religious Research 36/2 (Dec.): 101110.Google Scholar
Hoge, Dean R., and Augustyn, Boguslaw. 1997. “Financial Contributions to Catholic Parishes: A Nationwide Study of Determinants,” Review of Religion Research 39/1: 4660.Google Scholar
Hovland, Carl I. 1959. “Reconciling Conflicting Results Derived from Experimental and Survey Studies of Attitude Change,” The American Psychologist 14/1 (Jan.): 817.Google Scholar
Hungerman, Daniel M. 2005. “Are Church and State Substitutes? Evidence from the 1996 Welfare Reform,” Journal of Public Economics 89: 22452267.Google Scholar
Hungerman, Daniel M. 2009. “Crowd Out and Diversity,” Journal of Public Economics 93/5–6: 729740.Google Scholar
Hungerman, Daniel M. 2013. “Substitution and Stigma: Evidence on Religious Markets from the Catholic Sex Abuse Scandal,” American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 5/3 (Aug.): 227253.Google Scholar
Iannaccone, Laurence R. 1988. “A Formal Model of Church and Sect,” American Journal of Sociology 94: S241S268.Google Scholar
Iannaccone, Laurence R. 1992. “Sacrifice and Stigma,” Journal of Political Economy 100/2: 271291.Google Scholar
Iannaccone, Laurence. 1994. “Why Strict Churches Are Strong,” American Journal of Sociology 99/5: 11801211.Google Scholar
Iannaccone, Laurence. 1998. “Introduction to the Economics of Religion,” Journal of Economic Literature 36/3 (Sept.): 14821484.Google Scholar
Iannacone, Laurence R., and Berman, Eli. 2006. “Religious Extremism: The Good, the Bad, and the Deadly,” Public Choice 128/1–2: 109129.Google Scholar
Imas, A., 2014. “Working for the “Warm Glow”: On the Benefits and Limits of Prosocial Incentives,” Journal of Public Economics 114: 1418.Google Scholar
International Monetary Fund. 2015. Government Finance Statistics. Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund.Google Scholar
Işık, Damla. 2014. “Vakf as Intent and Practice: Charity and Poor Relief in Turkey,” International Journal of Middle East Studies 46/2: 307327.Google Scholar
Iversen, Torben. 2005. Capitalism, Democracy, and Welfare. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Jaeggi, Adrian V., Burkhart, Judith M., and Van Schaik, Carel P.. 2010. “On the Psychology of Cooperation in Humans and Other Primates: Combining the Natural History and Experimental Evidence of Prosociality,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 365: 27232734.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ji, Chang-Ho C., and Ibrahim, Yodi. 2007. “Islamic Doctrinal Orthodoxy and Religious Orientations: Scales Development and Validation,” International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 17: 189208.Google Scholar
Ji, Chang-Ho C., Ibrahim, Yodi, and Kim, Soo Dong. 2009. “Islamic Personal Religion and Moral Reasoning in Social Justice and Equality: Evidence from Indonesia College Studies,” International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 19: 259274.Google Scholar
Johnson, Kathryn A., and Cohen, Adam B.. 2014. “Religious and National Cultures.” In Religion, Personality, and Social Behavior, edited by Saroglou, Vassilis, 338360. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Johnson, Kathryn A., Li, Yexin Jessica, Cohen, Adam B., and Okun, Morris A.. 2013a. “Friends in High Places: The Influence of Authoritarian and Benevolent God-Concepts on Social Attitudes and Behaviors,” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 5/1 (Feb.): 1522.Google Scholar
Johnson, Kathryn A., Okun, Morris A., and Cohen, Adam B.. 2013b. “Intrinsic Religiosity and Volunteering during Emerging Adulthood: A Comparison of Mormons with Catholics and Non-Catholic Christians,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 52: 842851.Google Scholar
Johnson, Kathryn A., Okun, Morris A. and Cohen, Adam B.. 2015a. “The Mind of the Lord: Measuring Authoritarian and Benevolent God-Concepts,” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 7/3 (Aug.): 227238.Google Scholar
Johnson, Kathryn A., Memon, Rabia, Alladin, Armeen, Cohen, Adam B., and Okun, Morris A.. 2015b. “Who Helps the Samaritan? The Influence of Religious vs. Secular Primes on Spontaneous Helping of Members of Religious Outgroups,” Journal of Cognition and Culture 15: 223237.Google Scholar
Johnson, Kathryn A., Cohen, Adam B., and Okun, Morris A.. 2016. “God Is Watching You … But also Is Watching over You: The Influence of Benevolent God Representations on Secular Volunteerism among Christians,” Psychology of Religion and Spirituality 8/4 (Nov.): 363374.Google Scholar
Jones, Colin. 1989. The Charitable Imperative: Hospitals and Nursing in Ancien Régime and Revolutionary France. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Kahl, Sigrun. 2005. “The Religious Roots of Modern Poverty Policy: Catholic, Lutheran, and Reformed Protestant Traditions Compared,” Archives Éuropéenne de Sociologie 46: 91126.Google Scholar
Kalyvas, Stathis N. 1996. The Rise of Christian Democracy in Europe. Ithaca: Cornell University Press.Google Scholar
Kam, Cindy D., and Franzese, Robert J. Jr. 2007. Modeling and Interpreting Interactive Hypotheses in Regression Analysis. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.Google Scholar
Kaplan, Benjamin J. 2007. Divided by Faith: Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2007.Google Scholar
Keenan, Marie. 2012. Child Sexual Abuse and the Catholic Church. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Keister, Lisa A. 2003. “Religion and Wealth: The Role of Religious Affiliation and Participation in Early Adult Asset Accumulation,” Social Forces 82: 173205.Google Scholar
Keister, Lisa A. 2007. “Upward Wealth Mobility: Exploring the Roman Catholic Advantage,” Social Forces 85: 11951226.Google Scholar
Keister, Lisa A. 2008. “Conservative Protestants and Wealth: How Religion Perpetuates Asset Poverty,” American Journal of Sociology 113/5 (Mar.): 12371271.Google Scholar
Kılınç, Ramazan. 2007. “Patterns of Interaction between Islam and Liberalism: The Case of the Gülen Movement.” In Muslim World in Transition: Contributions of the Gülen Movement, edited by Yılmaz, İhsan, 118139. London: Leeds Metropolitan University Press.Google Scholar
Kılınç, Ramazan. 2008. “History, International Norms and Domestic Institutional Change: State-Religion Relations in France and Turkey.” PhD dissertation, Department of Political Science, Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Kılınç, Ramazan. 2013. “Muslims and Liberalization: The Case of the Gulen Movement.” In The Muslim World and Politics in Transition, edited by Barton, Greg, Weller, Paul, and Yilmaz, Ihsan, 8295. London: Continuum Press.Google Scholar
Kılınç, Ramazan. 2014. “International Pressure, Domestic Politics and Dynamics of Religious Freedom: Evidence from Turkey,” Comparative Politics 46/2 (Jan.): 127145.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kılınç, Ramazan, and Warner, Carolyn M.. 2015. “Micro-Foundations of Religion and Public Goods Provision: Belief, Belonging and Giving in Catholicism and Islam,” Politics and Religion 8/4: 718744.Google Scholar
Kissane, Bill. 2003. “The Illusion of State Neutrality in a Secularising Ireland,” West European Politics 26/1 (Jan.): 7394.Google Scholar
Klaussen, Jytte. 2005. The Islamic Challenge: Politics and Religion in Western Europe. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Kleven, H. J., Knudsen, M. B., Kreiner, C. T., Pedersen, S., and Saez, E.. 2011. “Unwilling or Unable to Cheat? Evidence from a Tax Audit Experiment in Denmark,” Econometrica, 79: 651692.Google Scholar
Kniss, Fred, and Numrich, Paul D.. 2007. Sacred Assemblies and Civic Engagement: How Religion Matters for America’s Newest Immigrants. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Koesel, Karrie J. 2014. Religion and Authoritarianism: Cooperation, Conflict and the Consequences. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Koven, Seth, and Michel, Sonya. 1990. “Womanly Duties: Maternalist Politics and the Origins of Welfare States in France, Germany, Great Britain, and the United States, 1880–1920,” The American Historical Review 95/4 (Oct.), 10761108.Google Scholar
Kozlowski, Gregory C. 1998. “Religious Authority, Reform, and Philanthropy in the Contemporary Muslim World.” In Philanthropy in the World’s Traditions, edited by Ilchman, Warren F., Katz, Stanley N., and Queen, Edward L. II, 279308. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.Google Scholar
Kuran, Timur. 2001. “The Provision of Public Goods under Islamic Law: Origins, Impact, and Limitations of the Waqf System,” Law and Society Review 35/4: 841897.Google Scholar
Kuran, Timur. 2003. “Islamic Redistribution through Zakat: Historical Record and Modern Realities.” In Poverty and Charity in Middle Eastern Contexts, edited by Bonner, Michael, Ener, Mine, and Singer, Amy, 275293. Albany: State University Press of New York.Google Scholar
Kuran, Timur. 2011. The Long Divergence: How Islamic Law Held Back the Middle East. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Kuran, Timur. 2016. “Legal Roots of Authoritarian Rule in the Middle East: Civic Legacies of the Islamic Waqf,” The American Journal of Comparative Law 64 (Summer): 841897.Google Scholar
Kuru, Ahmet T. 2003. “Fetullah Gülen’s Search for a Middle Way between Modernity and Muslim Tradition.” In Turkish Islam and the Secular State, edited by Yavuz, Hakan and Esposito, John L., 115130. Syracuse: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Kuru, Ahmet T. 2005. “Globalization and Diversification of Islamic Movements: Three Turkish Cases,” Political Science Quarterly 120/ 2 (Summer): 253274.Google Scholar
Kuru, Ahmet T. 2009. Secularism and State Policies toward Religion: United States, France and Turkey. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Kurzban, Robert. 2001. “The Social Psychophysics of Cooperation: Nonverbal Communication in a Public Goods Game,” Journal of Nonverbal Behavior 25/4: 241259.Google Scholar
Kurzban, Robert, and Houser, Daniel. 2005. “Experiments Investigating Cooperative Types in Humans: A Complement to Evolutionary Theory and Simulations,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 102/5: 18031807.Google Scholar
Lacey, Jonathan. 2009. “The Gülen Movement in Ireland: Civil Society Engagements of a Turkish Religio-Cultural Movement,” Turkish Studies 10/2 (June): 295315.Google Scholar
Landman, Nico, and Wessels, Wendy. 2005. “The Visibility of Mosques in Dutch Towns,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31/6 (Nov.): 11251140.Google Scholar
Lawler, Edward J. 2001. “An Affect Theory of Social Exchange,” American Journal of Sociology 107/2: 321352.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Le Coz, Raymond. 1995. L’Église d’Orient. Chrétiens d’Irak, d’Iran et de Turquie. Paris: Les Éditions du Cerf.Google Scholar
Lee, Matthew T., Poloma, Margaret M., and Post, Stephen G.. 2012. The Heart of Religion: Spiritual Empowerment, Benevolence, and the Experience of God’s Love. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Leech, Beth L. 2002. “Asking Questions: Techniques for Semistructured Interviews,” PS: Political Science and Politics 354 (Dec.): 665668.Google Scholar
Leeson, Peter T. 2014. Anarchy Unbound: Why Self-Governance Works Better than You Think. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Leo XIII, Pope. 1891. Rerum Novarum. Encyclical of Pope Leo XIII on Capital and Labor. http://w2.vatican.va/content/leo-xiii/en/encyclicals/documents/hf_l-xiii_enc_15051891_rerum-novarum.html.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Evan S. 2005. “Nested Analysis as a Mixed-Method Strategy for Comparative Research,” American Political Science Review 99/3 (Aug.): 435452.Google Scholar
Lieberman, Matthew. 2014. Social: Why Our Brains Are Wired to Connect. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Lincoln, Bruce. 2003. Holy Terrors: Thinking about Religion after September 11. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Lincoln, Ryan, Morrissey, Christopher A., and Mundey, Peter. 2008. “Religious Giving: A Comprehensive Review of the Literature.” Manuscript, Science of Generosity, University of Notre Dame.Google Scholar
Lindsell, Harold, ed. 1965. Harper Study Bible, Revised Standard Version. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Bible Publishers.Google Scholar
Lofland, John, Snow, David A., Anderson, Leon, and Lofland, Lyn H.. 2005. Analyzing Social Settings: A Guide to Qualitative Observation and Analysis. Belmont, CA: ThomsonWadsworth.Google Scholar
Long, Scott J., and Freese, Jeremy. 2006. Regression Models for Categorical Dependent Variables Using Stata, 2nd edition. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.Google Scholar
Luttmer, Erzo F. P. 2001. “Group Loyalty and the Taste for Redistribution,” Journal of Political Economy 109: 500528.Google Scholar
Lynch, Julia. 2009. “Italy: A Christian Democratic or Clientelist Welfare State?” In Religion, Class Coalitions, and Welfare States, edited by van Kersbergen, Kees and Manow, Philip, 91118. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclean, A. Michael, Walker, Lawrence J., and Matsuba, M. Kyle. 2004. “Transcendence and the Moral Self: Identity, Integration, Religion and Moral Life,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 43/3: 429437.Google Scholar
Maguire, Moira J. 2013. Precarious Childhood in Post-Independence Ireland. Manchester, UK: Manchester University Press.Google Scholar
Mahoney, James. 2007. “Qualitative Methodology and Comparative Politics,” Comparative Political Studies 40/2 (Feb.): 122144.Google Scholar
Mainwaring, Scott, and Wilde, Alexander. 1989. “The Progressive Church in Latin America: An Interpretation.” In The Progressive Church in Latin America, edited by Mainwaring, Scott and Wilde, Alexander. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.Google Scholar
Makowsky, Michael D. 2011. “A Theory of Liberal Churches,” Mathematical Social Sciences 61: 4151.Google Scholar
Manço, Altay. 1997. “Des organizations sociopolitiques comme solidarité Islamique dans l’immigration Turque en Europe,” Les Annales de l’autre Islam 4: 97133.Google Scholar
Manow, Philip, and Palier, Bruno. 2009. “A Conservative Welfare State Regime without Christian Democracy? The French Etat Providence, 1880–1960.” In Religion, Class Coalitions and Welfare State Regimes, edited by Van Kersbergen, Kees and Manow, Philip, 147175. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Manuel, Paul Christopher, and Mott, Margaret MacLeish. 2006. “The Latin European Church: ‘Une Messe Est Possible.’” In The Catholic Church and the Nation-State: Comparative Perspectives, edited by Manuel, Paul Christopher, Reardon, Lawrence C., and Wilcox, Clyde, 5368. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Maréchal, Brigitte. 2003. “Mosques, Organisations and Leadership.” In Muslims in the Enlarged Europe. Religion and Society, edited by Maréchal, Brigitte, Allievi, Stefano, Dassetto, Felice, and Nielsen, Jørgen, 79150. Leiden: Brill.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maréchal, Brigitte, Allievi, Stefano, Dassetto, Felice, and Nielsen, Jørgen, eds. 2003. Muslims in the Enlarged Europe: Religion and Society. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Mares, Isabela. 2003. The Politics of Social Risk: Business and Welfare State Development. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mauss, Marcel. 1954/1967. The Gift: Forms and Functions of Exchange in Archaic Societies, trans. Cunnison, Ian. New York: Norton.Google Scholar
McBride, Michael. 2007. “Club Mormon: Free-Riders, Monitoring, and Exclusion in the LDS Church,” Rationality and Society 19/4: 395424.Google Scholar
McBrien, Richard P. 1980. Catholicism, vol. 2. Minneapolis, MN: Winston Press.Google Scholar
McChesney, Robert D. 1995. “Charity and Philanthropy in Islam: Institutionalizing the Call to Do Good,” Indiana University Center on Philanthropy, Essays on Philanthropy No. 14.Google Scholar
McDermott, Rose. 2013. “The Ten Commandments of Experiments,” PS: Political Science & Politics 46/3 (July): 608.Google Scholar
McLoughlin, Séan. 2005. “Mosques and the Public Space: Conflict and Cooperation in Bradford,” Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies 31/6 (Nov.): 10451066.Google Scholar
McNamara, Patrick. 2009. The Neuroscience of Religious Experience. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Mervis, Carolyn B., and Rosch, Eleanor. 1981. “Categorization of Natural Objects,” Annual Review of Psychology 32 (Feb.): 89115.Google Scholar
Messner, Francis, ed. 2015. Public Funding of Religions in Europe. Farnham, UK: Ashgate.Google Scholar
Miller, Arthur H., Gurin, Patricia, Gurin, Gerald, and Malanchuk, Oksana. 1981. “Group Consciousness and Political Participation,” American Journal of Political Science 25/3 (Aug.): 494511.Google Scholar
Miller, Donald E., and Yamamori, Tetsunao. 2007. Global Pentecostalism: The New Face of Christian Social Engagement. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Miller, Sharon Louise. 1999. “The Symbolic Meaning of Religious Giving.” PhD dissertation, Department of Sociology, University of Notre Dame, Indiana.Google Scholar
Millsap, Roger E. 1997. “Invariance in Measurement and Prediction: Their Relationship in the Single-Factor Case,” Psychological Methods 2: 248260.Google Scholar
Millsap, Roger E. 1998. “Group Differences in Regression Intercepts: Implications for Factorial Invariance,” Multivariate Behavioral Research 33: 403424.Google Scholar
Misner, Paul. 1991. Social Catholicism in Europe: From the Onset of Industrialization to the First World War. New York: Crossroad.Google Scholar
Mitchell, Joshua. 2007. “Religion Is Not a Preference,” The Journal of Politics 69/2 (May): 351362.Google Scholar
Moe, Terry. 1980. “A Calculus of Group Membership,” American Journal of Political Science 24/4: 593632.Google Scholar
Mollat, Michel. 1986. The Poor in the Middle Ages: An Essay in Social History. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Monroe, Kristen Renwick. 1996. The Heart of Altruism: Perceptions of a Common Humanity. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Mooney, Margarita. 2006. “The Catholic Bishops Conferences of the United States and France,” American Behavioral Scientist 49/11 (July): 14551470.Google Scholar
Morvaridi, Behrooz. 2013. “The Politics of Philanthropy and Welfare Governance: The Case of Turkey,” The European Journal of Development Research, 25/2: 305321.Google Scholar
Muchlinski, David. 2014. “Grievances and Opportunities: Religious Violence across Political Regimes,” Politics and Religion 7/4: 684705.Google Scholar
Muedini, Fait. 2015. “The Politics between Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Gülen Movement in Turkey: Issues of Human Rights and Rising Authoritarianism,” Muslim World Journal of Human Rights 12/1 (June): 99119.Google Scholar
Mueller, Dennis C. 2003. Public Choice III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
National Economic and Social Council. 2005. “The Developmental Welfare State,” Working Paper No. 113, May. Dublin: The National Economic and Social Council.Google Scholar
Navaro-Yashin, Yael. 2002. Faces of the State: Secularism and Public Life in Turkey. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Negri, Augusto Tino, and Introvigne, Silvia Scaranari. 2005. Musulmani in Piemonte: in Moschea, al Lavoro, nel Contesto Sociale. Milan: Guerini e associati.Google Scholar
Nickerson, David W. 2005. “Scalable Protocols Offer Efficient Design for Field Experiments,” Political Analysis 13: 233252.Google Scholar
Norenzayan, Ara. 2013. Big Gods: How Religion Transformed Cooperation and Conflict. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Norenzayan, Ara, and Shariff, Azim F.. 2008. “The Origin and Evolution of Religious Prosociality,” Science 322 (Oct.): 5862.Google Scholar
Norris, Pippa, and Inglehart, Ronald. 2004. Sacred and Secular: Religion and Politics Worldwide. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Nowak, Martin A., and Sigmund, Karl. 2005. “Evolution of Indirect Reciprocity.” Nature 437/27 (Oct.): 12911298.Google Scholar
Nozick, Robert. 1974. Anarchy, State, and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.Google Scholar
Olson, Mancur. 1965. The Logic of Collective Action: Public Goods and the Theory of Groups. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
O’Reilly, James T., and Chalmers, Margaret S. P.. 2014. The Clergy Sex Abuse Crisis and the Legal Responses. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ostrom, Elinor. 1990. Governing the Commons: The Evolution of Institutions for Collective Action. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ostrom, Elinor. 2007. “Collective Action Theory,” in The Oxford Handbook of Collective Action, edited by Boix, Carles and Stokes, Susan, 186208. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Ottoni-Wilhelm, Mark. 2010, “Giving to Organizations That Help People in Need: Differences across Denominational Identities,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 49/3: 389412.Google Scholar
Özgüç, Orhan. 2008. “Islamic Himmah and Christian Charity: An Attempt at Interfaith Dialogue.” In Islam in the Age of Global Challenges: Alternative Perspectives of the Gülen Movement. Conference Proceedings. Washington, DC: Rumi Forum, 561582.Google Scholar
Parkinson, Patrick. 2013. “The Smith Lecture 2013. Child Sexual Abuse and the Churches: A Story of Moral Failure?” Manuscript, University of Sydney.Google Scholar
Pedersen, Susan. 1993. Family, Dependence, and the Origins of the Welfare State: Britain and France, 1914–1945. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Peifer, Jared. 2007. “Religious Giving as a Response to Community,” Center for the Study of Economy and Society Working Paper Series No. 42 (Oct.).Google Scholar
Peifer, Jared L. 2010. “The Economics and Sociology of Religious Giving: Instrumental Rationality or Communal Bonding?,” Social Forces 88/4 (June): 15691594.Google Scholar
Peterson, Christopher, and Seligman, Martin E. P.. 2004. Character Strengths and Virtues: A Classification and Handbook. New York: Oxford University Press and Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.Google Scholar
Peterson, Nicolas. 1993. “Demand Sharing: Reciprocity and the Pressure for Generosity among Foragers,” American Anthropologist 95/4: 860874.Google Scholar
Philpott, Daniel. 2007. “Explaining the Political Ambivalence of Religion,” The American Political Science Review 101/3 (Aug.): 511.Google Scholar
Pichon, Isabelle, Boccato, Giulio, and Saroglou, Vassilis. 2007. Nonconscious Influences of Religion on Prosociality: A Priming Study,” European Journal of Social Psychology 37: 10321045.Google Scholar
Pirotta, Laura. 2008. “Il Migrante Turco tra imprenditoria etnica e Organizzazioni Religioise: La Realtà della Città di Como.” Doctoral thesis, University of Milan.Google Scholar
Pollard, John. 2008. Catholicism in Modern Italy: Religion, Society and Politics since 1861. London: Routledge.Google Scholar
Popkin, Samuel J. 1979. The Rational Peasant: The Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Power, Eleanor A. 2017. “Discerning Devotion: Testing the Signaling Theory of Religion,” Evolution and Human Behavior 38/1: 8291.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Preston, Jesse Lee, Ritter, Ryan S., and Hernandez, J. Ivan. 2010. “Principles of Religious Prosociality: A Review and Reformulation,” Social and Personality Psychology Compass 4/8: 574590.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Prothero, Stephen R., 2010. God Is Not One: The Eight Rival Religions That Run the World – And Why Their Differences Matter. New York: HarperOne.Google Scholar
Puggioni, Roberto. 2015. “Roman Catholic Social Thought on Social Justice and Economics: Elements for Debate from Caritas Veritate,” Journal of Catholic Social Thought 12/1: 109142.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D., and Campbell, David. 2010. American Grace: How Religion Divides and Unites Us. New York: Simon & Schuster.Google Scholar
Putnam, Robert D., with Leonardi, Robert and Nanetti, Rafaella. 1993. Making Democracy Work: Civic Traditions in Modern Italy. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Pyle, Ralph E. 1998. “Faith and Commitment to the Poor: Theological Orientation and Support for Government Assistance Measures,” Sociology of Religion. 54/4 (Winter): 385401.Google Scholar
Queen, Edward L. II. 1996. “The Religious Roots of Philanthropy in the West: Judaism, Christianity and Islam.” Bloomington: Indiana University Center on Philanthropy. Working Paper No. 96–4.Google Scholar
Quine, Maria Sophia. Italy’s Social Revolution: Charity and Welfare from Liberalism to Fascism. Basingstoke: Palgrave, 2002.Google Scholar
Qur’an, The. 2004. Trans. Haleem, M. A. S. Abdel. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia, and Skrondal, Anders. 2006. “Multilevel Modelling of Complex Survey Data,” Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A 169, Part 4: 805–827.Google Scholar
Rabe-Hesketh, Sophia, and Skrondal, Anders. 2012. Multilevel and Longitudinal Modeling Using Stata, vol. 2: Categorical Responses, Counts, and Survival, 3rd edition. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.Google Scholar
Raiya, Hisham Abu, Pargament, Kenneth I., Mahoney, Annette, and Stein, Catherine. 2008. “A Psychological Measure of Islamic Religiousness: Development and Evidence for Reliability and Validity,” International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 18: 291315.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Rand, Ayn. 1957. Atlas Shrugged. New York: Random House.Google Scholar
Rand, Ayn. 1961/1964. The Virtue of Selfishness. New York: Signet.Google Scholar
Regnerus, Mark D., Smith, Christian, and Sikkink, David. 1998. “Who Gives to the Poor? The Influence of Religious Tradition and Political Location on the Personal Generosity of Americans toward the Poor,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 37/3 (Sept.): 481493.Google Scholar
Reitsma, Jan, Scheepers, Peer, and Te Grotenhuis, Manfred. 2006. “Dimensions of Individual Religiosity and Charity: Cross-National Effect Differences in European Countries?,” Review of Religious Research 47/4: 347362.Google Scholar
Rhodes, R. A. W., Binder, Sarah A., and Rockman, Bert A., eds. 2006. The Oxford Handbook of Political Institutions. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Richerson, Peter J., and Boyd, Robert. 1998. “The Evolution of Human Ultra-Sociality.” In Indoctrinability, Ideology, and Warfare: Evolutionary Perspectives, edited by Eibl-Eibisfeldt, Irinäus and Salter, Frank Kemp, 7195. New York: Berghahn Books.Google Scholar
Ritter, Ryan S., and Preston, Jesse Lee. 2013. “Representations of Religious Words: Insights for Religious Priming Research,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 53/3 (Sept.): 494507.Google Scholar
Roccas, Sonia, and Schwartz, Shalom H.. 1997. “Church-State Relations and the Association of Religiosity with Values: A Study of Catholics in Six Countries,” Cross-Cultural Research 31/4 (Nov.): 356375.Google Scholar
Roes, Frans L., and Raymond, Michel. 2003. “Belief in Moralizing Gods,” Evolution and Human Behavior 24: 126135.Google Scholar
Rohlfing, Ingo. 2008. “What You See and What You Get: Pitfalls and Principles of Nested Analysis in Comparative Research,” Comparative Political Studies 41/11: 14921514.Google Scholar
Roodman, David, and Standley, Scott. 2006. “Tax Policies to Promote Private Charitable Giving in DAC Countries.” Working Paper No. 82, Center for Global Development.Google Scholar
Rostagno, Massimo V., and Utili, Francesca. 1998. “The Italian Social Protection System: The Poverty of Welfare,” International Monetary Fund Working Paper No. WP/98/74.Google Scholar
Roy, Olivier. 2005. Globalized Islam: The Search for a New Ummah. New York: Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Rozin, Paul. 2003. “Five Potential Principles for Understanding Cultural Differences in Relation to Individual Differences,” Journal of Research in Personality 37: 273283.Google Scholar
Rubin, Jared. 2017. Rulers, Religion and Riches: Why the West Got Rich and the Middle East Did Not. New York: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Ruiter, Stijn, and De Graaf, Nan Dirk. 2006. “National Context, Religiosity, and Volunteering: Results from 53 Countries,” American Sociological Review 71 (Apr.): 191210.Google Scholar
Sahlins, Marshall. 1972. Stone Age Economics. Chicago: Aldine.Google Scholar
Sakaranaho, Tuula. 2006. Religious Freedom, Multiculturalism, Islam: Cross-Reading Finland and Ireland. Leiden: Brill.Google Scholar
Salihoglu, Serhat. 2002. “Welfare State Policies in Turkey,” South-East Europe Review for Labour and Social Affairs 4: 2126.Google Scholar
Sarkissian, Ani. 2012. “Religion and Civic Engagement in Muslim Countries,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 51/4: 607622.Google Scholar
Sarkissian, Ani. 2015. The Varieties of Religious Repression: Why Governments Restrict Religion. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Saroglou, Vassilis. 2014. “Introduction: Studying Religion in Personality and Social Psychology.” In Religion, Personality and Social Behavior, edited by Saroglou, Vassilis, 128. New York: Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Saroglou, Vassilis, and Galand, P.. 2004. “Identities, Values and Religion: A Study of Muslim, Other Immigrant, and Native Belgian Young Adults after the 9/11 Attacks,” Identity 4: 97132.Google Scholar
Saroglou, Vassilis, Pichon, Isabelle, Trompette, Laurence, Verschueren, Marijke, and Dernelle, Rebecca. 2005. “Prosocial Behavior and Religion: New Evidence Based on Projective Measures and Peer Ratings,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 44/3 (Sept.): 323348.Google Scholar
Satow, Kay L. 1975. “Social Approval and Helping,” Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 11/6: 501509.Google Scholar
Schaffer, Frederic Charles. 2006. “Ordinary Language Interviewing.” In Interpretation and Method: Empirical Research Methods and the Interpretive Turn, edited by Yanow, Dvora and Schwartz-Shea, Peregrine, 150160. Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe.Google Scholar
Scheepers, Peer, and Grotenhuis, Manfred Te. 2005. “Who Cares for the Poor? Micro and Macro Determinants for Alleviating Poverty in 15 European Countries,” European Sociological Review 21/5 (Dec.): 453465.Google Scholar
Schneider, Helmut, Krieger, John, and Bayraktar, Azra. 2011. “The Impact of Intrinsic Religiosity on Consumers’ Ethical Beliefs: Does It Depend on the Type of Religion? A Comparison of Christian and Moslem Consumers in Germany and Turkey,” Journal of Business Ethics 102/2 (Aug.): 319332.Google Scholar
Scott, James C. 2009. The Art of Not Being Governed. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Seawright, Jason, and Gerring, John. 2008. “Case Selection Techniques in Case Study Research: A Menu of Qualitative and Quantitative Options,” Political Research Quarterly 61/2 (June): 294308.Google Scholar
Sen, Mustafa, Aksular, Arda Deniz, and Samur, Zelal Ozdemir. 2009. “FBOs and Social Exclusion in Turkey.” In Faith-Based Organisations and Social Exclusion in European Cities, edited by Dierckx, Danielle, Vranken, Jan, and Kerstens, Wendy, 247281. Leuven, Belgium: Uitgeverij Acco.Google Scholar
Shariff, Azim F., and Norenzayan, Ara. 2007. “God Is Watching You: Priming God Concepts Increases Prosocial Behavior in an Anonymous Economic Game.” Psychological Science 18/9: 803809.Google Scholar
Shayo, Moses. 2009. “A Model of Social Identity with an Application to Political Economy: Nation, Class, and Redistribution.” American Political Science Review 103/2 (May): 147174.Google Scholar
Singer, Amy. 2002. Constructing Ottoman Beneficence: An Imperial Soup Kitchen in Jerusalem. Albany: State University of New York Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Amy. 2006. “Soup and Sadaqa: Charity in Islamic Societies.” Historical Research 79/205: 306324.Google Scholar
Singer, Peter. 2015a. Famine, Affluence and Morality. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Singer, Peter. 2015b. The Most Good You Can Do: How Effective Altruism Is Changing Ideas about Living Ethically. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Christian. 1991. The Emergence of Liberation Theology: Radical Religion and Social Movement Theory. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Christian. 2003. “Research Note: Religious Participation and Parental Moral Expectations and Supervision of American Youth,” Review of Religious Research 44/4 (June): 414424.Google Scholar
Smith, Christian, and Emerson, Michael O.. 2008. Passing the Plate: Why American Christians Don’t Give Away More Money. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Smith, Kevin B. 2006. “Representational Altruism: The Wary Cooperator as Authoritative Decision Maker,” American Journal of Political Science 50/4 (Oct.): 10131022.Google Scholar
Smith, Timothy B. Creating the Welfare State in France, 1880–1940. Montreal: McGill-Queen’s University Press, 2003.Google Scholar
Soetevent, Adriaan R. 2005. “Anonymity in Giving in a Natural Context: A Field Experiment in 30 Churches,” Journal of Public Economics 89: 23012323.Google Scholar
Sosis, Richard. 2003. “Why Aren’t We All Hutterites? Costly Signaling Theory and Religion,” Human Nature 14: 91127.Google Scholar
Sosis, Richard. 2005. “Does Religion Promote Trust? The Role of Signaling, Reputation, and Punishment,” Interdisciplinary Journal of Research on Religion 1: 130.Google Scholar
Sosis, Richard. 2006. “Religious Behaviors, Badges, and Bans: Signaling Theory and the Evolution of Religion.” In Where God and Science Meet: How Brain and Evolutionary Studies Alter Our Understanding of Religion, vol. 1: Evolution, Genes, and the Religious Brain, edited by McNamara, Patrick, 6186. Westport, CT: Praeger Publishers.Google Scholar
Stanczak, Gregory. 2006. Engaged Spirituality: Social Change and American Religion. Newark, NJ: Rutgers University Press.Google Scholar
Stark, Rodney, and Bainbridge, William Sims. 1985. The Future of Religion: Secularization, Revival, and Cult Formation. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Stark, Rodney, and Finke, Roger. 2000. Acts of Faith: Explaining the Human Side of Religion. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Stark, Rodney, and Iannaccone, Laurence R.. 1994. “A Supply-Side Reinterpretation of the ‘Secularization’ of Europe,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 33/3 (Sept.): 230252.Google Scholar
Starks, Brian, and Smith, Christian. 2013. “Unleashing Catholic Generosity: Explaining the Catholic Giving Gap in the United States,” University of Notre Dame Institute for Church Life. https://icl.nd.edu/assets/96494/unleashing_catholic_generosity.pdf%22%3Eunleashing_catholic_generosity.pdf.Google Scholar
StataCorp. 2013. “Margins – Marginal Means, Predictive Margins, and Marginal Effects.” Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP. www.stata.com/manuals13/rmargins.pdf.Google Scholar
Stegmueller, Daniel. 2013. “Religion and Redistributive Voting in Western Europe,” Journal of Politics 75/4 (Oct.): 10641076.Google Scholar
Stroope, Samuel. 2012. “Social Networks and Religion: The Role of Congregational Social Embeddedness in Religious Belief and Practice,” Sociology of Religion 73/3: 273298.Google Scholar
Sweetser, Thomas P. “The Money Crunch: Why Don’t Catholics Give More?,” Chicago Studies 30 (April): 99–111.Google Scholar
Tajfel, H., and Turner, J. C.. 1979. “An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict.” In Social Psychology of Intergroup Relations, edited by Worchel, Stephen and Austin, William G., 3347. Monterey, CA: Brooks-Cole.Google Scholar
Tcholakian, Hovhannes J. 1998. L’Eglise Armenienne Catholique en Turquie. Istanbul: Ohan Matbaacilik.Google Scholar
Thomas, David R. 2006. “A General Inductive Approach for Analyzing Qualitative Evaluation Data,” American Journal of Evaluation 27/2 (June): 237246.Google Scholar
Traunmüller, Richard, and Freitag, Markus. 2011. “State Support of Religion: Making or Breaking Faith-Based Social Capital?,” Comparative Politics 43/3 (April): 253269.Google Scholar
Tropman, John E. 2002. The Catholic Ethic and the Spirit of Community. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.Google Scholar
Tsai, Lily L. 2007. “Solidary Groups, Informal Accountability, and Local Public Goods Provision in Rural China,” American Political Science Review 101/2 (May): 355372.Google Scholar
Tsang, Jo-Ann, Rowatt, Wade C., and Shariff, Azim. 2015. “Religion and Prosociality.” In The Oxford Handbook of Prosocial Behavior, edited by Schroeder, David A. and Graziano, William G.. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Tyler, Tom R. 2011. Why People Cooperate: The Role of Social Motivations Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Unruh, Heidi Rolland, and Sider, Ronald J., 2005. Saving Souls, Serving Society New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Utvik, Bjørn Olav. 2006. The Pious Road to Development: Islamic Economics in Egypt. London: Hurst.Google Scholar
Van Ingen, Erik, and van der Meer, Tom. 2011. “Welfare State Expenditure and Inequalities in Voluntary Association Participation,” Journal of European Social Policy 21/4 (Oct.): 302322.Google Scholar
Van Lange, Paul A. M., Ouwerkerk, Jaap W., and Tazelaar, Mirjam J. A.. 2002. “How to Overcome the Detrimental Effects of Noise in Social Interaction: The Benefits of Generosity,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 82: 768780.Google Scholar
Van Oorschot, Wim, and Arts, Wil. 2005. “The Social Capital of European Welfare States: The Crowding Out Hypothesis Revisited,” Journal of European Social Policy 15/1 (Feb.): 526.Google Scholar
Van Rompay, Thomas J. L., Vonk, Dorette J., and Fransen, Marieke L.. 2009. “The Eye of the Camera: Effects of Security Cameras on Prosocial Behavior,” Environment and Behavior 41/1: 6074.Google Scholar
Van Vugt, Mark, Roberts, Golbert, and Hardy, Charlie. 2007. “Competitive Altruism: Development of Reputation-Based Cooperation in Groups.” In Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology, edited by Dunbar, R. I. M. and Barrett, Louise, 531540. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Warneken, Felix. 2013. “Young Children Proactively Remedy Unnoticed Accidents,” Cognition 126 (Jan.): 101108.Google Scholar
Warneken, Felix, and Tomasello, Michael. 2006. “Altruistic Helping in Human Infants and Young Chimpanzees,” Science 311: 13011303.Google Scholar
Warner, Carolyn M. 2000. Confessions of an Interest Group: The Catholic Church and Political Parties in Europe. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Warner, Carolyn M. 2013. “Charitable Giving Model or Muddle?,” The Review of Faith and International Affairs 11/4 (Winter): 3236.Google Scholar
Warner, Carolyn M., and Wenner, Manfred W.. 2006. “Religion and the Political Organization of Muslims in Europe,” Perspectives on Politics 4/3 (Sept.): 457479.Google Scholar
Warner, Carolyn M., Kılınç, Ramazan, Hale, Christopher W., Cohen, Adam B., and Johnson, Kathryn A.. 2015. “Religion and Public Goods Provision: Experimental and Interview Evidence from Catholicism and Islam,” Comparative Politics 47/2 (Jan.): 189209.Google Scholar
Weafer, John A. 2014. Thirty-Three Good Men: Celibacy, Obedience and Identity. Dublin: Columba Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Eugen. 1976. Peasants into Frenchmen. Palo Alto, CA: Stanford University Press.Google Scholar
Weber, Max. 1958. The Protestant Ethic and the Spirit of Capitalism, trans. Parsons, Talcott. New York: Scribner.Google Scholar
Wellman, James K. Jr., Corcoran, Katie E., and Stockly-Meyerdirk, Kate. 2014. “‘God Is Like a Drug’: Explaining Interaction Ritual Chains in American Megachurches,” Sociological Forum 29/3 (Sept.): 650672.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Andrew L., 2010. “Financial Commitment within Federations of Small Groups: The Effect of Cell-Based Congregational Structure on Individual Giving,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 49/4: 640656.Google Scholar
Whitehead, Andrew L., and Stroope, Samuel. 2015. “Small Groups, Contexts, and Civic Engagement: A Multilevel Analysis of United States Congregational Life Survey Data,” Social Science Research 52: 659670.Google Scholar
Will, Jeffry A., and Cochran, John K.. 1995. “God Helps Those Who Help Themselves? The Effects of Religious Affiliation, Religiosity, and Deservedness on Generosity toward the Poor,” Sociology of Religion 56/3: 327338.Google Scholar
Wilson, David Sloan. 2002. Darwin’s Cathedral: Evolution, Religion, and the Nature of Society. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, David Sloan. 2015. Does Altruism Exist? Culture, Genes and the Welfare of Others. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press.Google Scholar
Wilson, David Sloan, and Wilson, Edward O.. 2007. “Rethinking the Theoretical Foundation of Sociobiology,” The Quarterly Review of Biology 82/4 (Dec.): 327348.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, Robert. 1991. Acts of Compassion: Caring for Others and Helping Ourselves. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, Robert. 1994. ‘‘I Come Away Stronger’’: How Small Groups Are Shaping American Religion. Grand Rapids, MI: William B. Eerdmans.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, Robert J. 2009. Boundless Faith: The Global Outreach of American Churches. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, Robert J. 2011. “Taking Talk Seriously: Religious Discourse as Social Practice,” Journal for the Scientific Study of Religion 50/1 (March): 121.Google Scholar
Wuthnow, Robert, and Evans, John H., eds. 2002. The Quiet Hand of God: Faith-Based Activism and the Public Role of Mainline Protestantism. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Xygalatas, Dimitris, Mitkidis, Panagiotis, Fischer, Ronald, Reddish, Paul, Skewes, Joshua, Geertz, Armin W., Roepstorff, Andreas, and Bulbulia, Joseph. 2013. “Extreme Rituals Promote Prosociality,” Psychological Science 24/8: 16021605.Google Scholar
Yavuz, M. Hakan. 2003. Islamic Political Identity in Turkey. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yavuz, M. Hakan. 2013. Toward an Islamic Enlightenment: The Gülen Movement. Oxford: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Yılmaz, Bahri. 2008. “The Relations of Turkey with the European Union: Candidate Forever?” Center for European Studies, Harvard University Working Paper No. 167.Google Scholar
Yükleyen, Ahmet. 2012. Localizing Islam in Europe: Turkish Islamic Communities in Germany and the Netherlands. Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press.Google Scholar
Zayas, Farishta G. de. 1960. The Law and Philosophy of Zakat, the Islamic Welfare System. Damascus: A. Z. Abbasi.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×