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8 - mRNA profiling of pancreatic beta-cells: investigating mechanisms of diabetes

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 September 2009

By
Leentje Van Lommel ,
Yves Moreau ,
Daniel Pipeleers ,
Jean-Christophe Jonas  and
Frans Schuit
Edited by
Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
Leentje Van Lommel
Affiliation:
Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K. U. Leuven, Belgium
Yves Moreau
Affiliation:
Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT–SCD, K. U. Leuven, Belgium
Daniel Pipeleers
Affiliation:
Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
Jean-Christophe Jonas
Affiliation:
Unit of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
Frans Schuit
Affiliation:
Gene Expression Unit, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, K. U. Leuven, Belgium
Wolf-Karsten Hofmann
Affiliation:
Charite-University Hospital Benjamin Franklin, Berlin
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Summary

The pancreatic beta-cell in health and disease

Diabetes is one of the most common health problems of our age, affecting more than 150 million patients worldwide today and perhaps will affect twice as many a few decades on from now [1]. In the vast majority of patients, the exact cause of their disease state is unknown. Diabetes can be caused by autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing beta-cells in the pancreas (type 1 diabetes) or by a failure of the beta-cells to produce/release insulin in sufficient amounts to meet the metabolic demand (type 2 diabetes). The latter group represents about 90% of all diabetic patients and today is one of the most prevalent existing health problems. The high prevalence, chronic nature, and unknown cause of diabetes are strong arguments for studying the beta-cell in order to identify mechanisms by which beta-cells are destroyed or made dysfunctional.

Identification of key aspects of beta-cell dysfunction at the molecular detail requires that the molecules in the normal beta-cell, as well as their mode of action, are known. The rationale to build up such knowledge in a biomedical context is dual. First, it is expected that such insight will assist in the process of finding new ways of drug treatment for type 2 patients, so that beta-cell dysfunction can be corrected in a more efficient way than is possible today. Second, this type of knowledge will define the endpoint of investigations that aim to generate new beta-cells from pancreatic or extra-pancreatic precursor cells.

Type
Chapter
Information
Gene Expression Profiling by Microarrays
Clinical Implications
 , pp. 187 - 211
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

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