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11 - Synoptic and mesoscale rain producing systems in the humid tropics

from Part II - Hydrological processes in undisturbed forests

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2010

By
M. Bonell ,
J. Callaghan  and
G. Connor
Edited by
M. Bonell  and
L. A. Bruijnzeel
M. Bonell
Affiliation:
Division of Water Sciences, UNESCO, 1 rue Miollis, 75732 Paris Cedex 15, France
J. Callaghan
Affiliation:
Bureau of Meteorology, Brisbane, Australia
G. Connor
Affiliation:
Bureau of Meteorology, Townsville, Australia
M. Bonell
Affiliation:
UNESCO, Paris
L. A. Bruijnzeel
Affiliation:
Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
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Summary

INTRODUCTION

A key facet of the hydrology and climatology of the humid tropics is the occurrence of more persistent high-rainfall intensities compared with those occurring over the higher latitudes. The equivalent hourly intensities of short-term rainfalls of, for example, over one minute, are commonly one or two orders of magnitude higher than those experienced in humid temperate areas (Bonell, 1993). Thus, the magnitude of rainfall is one of the principal drivers in accounting for the much wider range of preferred pathways of storm runoff in tropical forests (see Bonell, this volume). Less well appreciated in the literature is a possible linkage between preferred pathways of storm runoff and the spatial and temporal variability of different rain-producing meteorological systems. For example, there is a substantial difference in the range of rainfall intensity-frequency-duration characteristics identified with tropical cyclone-prone areas (e.g. northeast Queensland) as against tropical islands where trade wind ‘stream’ showers are more persistent (e.g. the Hawaiian Islands). Moreover, within the outer tropics, there can be a significant seasonal change in synoptic-scale meteorology systems and corresponding rainfall characteristics (notably rain intensities). In northeast Queensland, the dominant pathways of storm runoff in tropical forest show dramatic changes over a few months in response to a change from a monsoon regime of persistent tropical depressions (and cyclones) through to a regime dominated by upper troughs, and finally, stream showers associated with the SE trades (Bonell and Gilmour, 1980; Bonell et al., 1991).

Type
Chapter
Information
Forests, Water and People in the Humid Tropics
Past, Present and Future Hydrological Research for Integrated Land and Water Management
 , pp. 194 - 266
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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