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17 - The use of EEG in assessing acute and chronic brain damage in the newborn

from Section 3 - Diagnosis of the infant with brain injury

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 January 2010

By
Donald M. Olson  and
Alexis S. Davis
Edited by
David K. Stevenson ,
William E. Benitz ,
Philip Sunshine ,
Susan R. Hintz  and
Maurice L. Druzin
David K. Stevenson
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
William E. Benitz
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
Philip Sunshine
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
Susan R. Hintz
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
Maurice L. Druzin
Affiliation:
Stanford University School of Medicine, California
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Summary

Introduction

The goal of this chapter is to help the reader understand the fundamentals of neonatal electroencephalography (EEG), including the source of EEG signals and the technical aspects of a well-performed EEG. Particular attention will be paid to (1) maturational features which correlate with the infant's conceptional age, (2) abnormal findings indicative of encephalopathies of various causes, and (3) the value of the EEG in determining the prognosis for normal and abnormal neurological outcome. The role of EEG in neonatal seizures is covered more thoroughly in Chapter 43.

Value of the EEG

The EEG is a valuable tool for assessing neonatal brain function. It has unique properties compared to many other diagnostic tests of brain function. It can resolve temporal aspects of brain function more effectively than computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or even the bedside neurological examination. There is no other test that can so precisely discriminate between epileptic seizures and non-epileptic events in the neonate. It provides information about the severity of brain dysfunction (encephalopathy). Serial EEGs provide information about the course and effectiveness of treatment. Sometimes the EEG helps distinguish between various etiologies of encephalopathy.

Indication for EEG

An EEG in the neonate should be considered when questions arise regarding the cause of a child's abnormal neurological responses.

Type
Chapter
Information
Fetal and Neonatal Brain Injury , pp. 196 - 208
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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