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12 - Trait Trade-Offs in Mixoplankton: An Analysis

from Part II - Physiology of Photosynthetic Autotrophs in Present-Day Environments

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 October 2024

By
Aditee Mitra ,
Kevin J. Flynn ,
Diane Stoecker  and
John A. Raven
Edited by
Mario Giordano ,
John Beardall ,
John A. Raven  and
Stephen C. Maberly
Mario Giordano
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi di Ancona, Italy
John Beardall
Affiliation:
Monash University, Victoria
John A. Raven
Affiliation:
University of Dundee
Stephen C. Maberly
Affiliation:
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Lancaster
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Summary

Mixoplankton are planktonic protists engaging in photo-autotrophy plus osmo-heterotrophy plus phago-heterotrophy, contrasting with non-phagotrophic phytoplankton (e.g., diatoms) and non-phototrophic zooplankton (e.g., tintinnids). All mixoplankton are mixotrophs, but not all mixotrophs are mixoplanktonic. Mixoplankton are often considered as inferior in their capabilities compared to diatoms that surrendered phagotrophy, and those zooplankton that lost phototrophy. However, such views undersell the synergistic activities of mixoplankton. Thus, the phototrophic capacity of mixoplankton provides a predatory phagotroph with a ready source of carbon and energy supplementing phagotrophy and retention of the 30% of resources that would otherwise have to be released in specific dynamic action. Phagotrophy brings in nutrients to support phototrophy. Beyond these generalisations, we know little about the whole integrated physiology and ecology of mixoplankton. To fully appreciate the comparative fitness of two species, we need to consider all aspects of their life cycles. The emphasis for plankton is usually placed on resource acquisition and the maximum specific growth rate without considering the metabolic and mortality costs of being unable to support the growth rate, and predatory pressures. This suggests that trait trade-offs are less useful for conceptual and simulation modelling than approaches more securely founded in physiology and evolution.

Keywords

grazinggrowth ratemixotrophyosmotrophyphagotrophyphoto-osmo-phago-trophyphototrophyphytoplanktonsurvivaltrait trade-offszooplankton
Type
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Evolutionary Physiology of Algae and Aquatic Plants , pp. 227 - 251
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2024

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