Case Studies

doi:10.1017/9781108774178.016

Part III - Case Studies

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 July 2022

Edited by

John Stolz ,

Daniel Bain and

Michael Griffin

Show author details

John Stolz: Affiliation:
Duquesne University, Pittsburgh
Daniel Bain: Affiliation:
University of Pittsburgh
Michael Griffin: Affiliation:
Carnegie Mellon University, Pennsylvania

Book contents

Get access

Summary

A summary is not available for this content so a preview has been provided. Please use the Get access link above for information on how to access this content.

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'

Type: Chapter
Information: Environmental Impacts from the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves , pp. 311 - 410

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1017/9781108774178.016 [Opens in a new window]

Publisher: Cambridge University Press

Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Abualfaraj, N, Gurian, PL, and Olson, MS. (2014). Characterization of Marcellus Shale flowback water. Environmental Engineering Science. 31(9): 514–524 DOI: 10.1089/ees.2014.0001.Google Scholar

Akob, DM, Cozzarelli, IM, Dunlap, DS, Rowan, EL, and Lorah, MM (2015). Organic and inorganic composition and microbiology of produced waters from Pennsylvania shale gas wells. Applied Geochemistry. 60: 116–125 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2015.04.011.Google Scholar

Birdsell, DT, Rajaram, H, Dempsey, D, and Viswanathan, HS (2015). Hydraulic fracturing fluid migration in the subsurface: A review and expanded modeling results. Water Resources Research. 51(9): 7159–7188.Google Scholar

Blauch, ME, Myers, RR, Moore, T, Lipinski, BA, and Houston, NA (2009). Marcellus shale post-frac flowback waters-Where is all the salt coming from and what are the implications? In SPE Eastern Regional Meeting, Society of Petroleum Engineers.Google Scholar

Blondes, MS, Gans, KD, Engle, MA, Kharaka, YK, Reidy, ME, Saraswathula, V, Thordsen, JJ, Rowan, EL, and Morrissey, EA. (2018). U.S. Geological Survey National Produced Waters Geochemical Database (ver. 2.3, January 2018) Available at www.sciencebase.gov/catalog/item/59d25d63e4b05fe04cc235f9 Google Scholar

Brantley, S (2018). Shale Network Data: Consortium for Universities for the Advancement of Hydrologic Sciences, Inc. (CUAHSI). DOI: 10.4211/his-data-shalenetwork.Google Scholar

Brantley, SL, Yoxtheimer, D, Arjmand, S, Grieve, P, Vidic, R, Pollak, J, Llewellyn, GT, Abad, J, and Simon, C (2014). Water resource impacts during unconventional shale gas development: The Pennsylvania experience. International Journal of Coal Geology. 126: 140–156 DOI: 10.1016/j.coal.2013.12.017.Google Scholar

Burgos, WD, Castillo-Meza, L, Tasker, TL, Geeza, TJ, Drohan, PJ, Liu, X, Landis, JD, Blotevogel, J, McLaughlin, M, Borch, T et al. (2017). Watershed-scale impacts from surface water disposal of oil and gas wastewater in western Pennsylvania. Environmental Science & Technology. 51(15): 8851–8860 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.7b01696.Google Scholar

Cantlay, T, Bain, DJ, Curet, J, Jack, RF, Dickson, BC, Basu, P, and Stolz, JF (2020a). Determining conventional and unconventional oil and gas well brines in natural sample II: Cation analyses with ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 55(1): 11–23 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1666561.Google Scholar

Cantlay, T, Bain, DJ, and Stolz, JF (2020b). Determining conventional and unconventional oil and gas well brines in natural samples III: Mass ratio analyses using both anions and cations. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 55(1): 24–32 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1666562.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cantlay, T, Eastham, JL, Rutter, J, Bain, DJ, Dickson, BC, Basu, P, and Stolz, JF (2020c). Determining conventional and unconventional oil and gas well brines in natural samples I: Anion analysis with ion chromatography. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A. 55(1): 1–10 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2019.1666560.Google Scholar

Capo, RC, Stewart, BW, Rowan, EL, Kohl, CAK, Wall, AJ, Chapman, EC, Hammack, RW, and Schroeder, KT (2014). The strontium isotopic evolution of Marcellus Formation produced waters, southwestern Pennsylvania. International Journal of Coal Geology. 126: 57–63.Google Scholar

Chapman, EC, Capo, RC, Stewart, BW, Kirby, CS, Hammack, RW, Schroeder, KT, and Edenborn, HM (2012). Geochemical and strontium isotope characterization of produced waters from Marcellus Shale natural gas extraction. Environmental Science & Technology. 46(6): 3545–3553.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Clark, CE, Burnham, AJ, Harto, CB, and Horner, RM (2012). Introduction: The Technology and Policy of Hydraulic Fracturing and Potential Environmental Impacts of Shale Gas Development. Taylor & Francis.Google Scholar

Colborn, T, Kwiatkowski, C, Schultz, K, and Bachran, M (2011). Natural gas operations from a public health perspective. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal. 17(5): 1039–1056.CrossRef Google Scholar

Cravotta, CA (2008). Dissolved metals and associated constituents in abandoned coal-mine discharges, Pennsylvania, USA. Part 1: Constituent quantities and correlations. Applied Geochemistry. 23(2): 166–202 DOI: 10.1016/j.apgeochem.2007.10.011.Google Scholar

Dilmore, RM, Sams, JI III, Glosser, D, Carter, KM, and Bain, DJ (2015). Spatial and temporal characteristics of historical oil and gas wells in Pennsylvania: Implications for new shale gas resources. Environmental Science & Technology. 49(20): 12015–12023.Google Scholar

Dresel, PE and Rose, AW. (2010). Chemistry and origin of oil and gas well brines in western Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey (Fourth series): 56.Google Scholar

Entrekin, S, Trainor, A, Saiers, J, Patterson, L, Maloney, K, Fargione, J, Kiesecker, J, Baruch-Mordo, S, Konschnik, K, and Wiseman, H (2018). Water stress from high-volume hydraulic fracturing potentially threatens aquatic biodiversity and ecosystem services in Arkansas, United States. Environmental Science & Technology. 52(4): 2349–2358.Google Scholar

Fracktracker Alliance. (2020). Pennsylvania Shale Viewer. Pennsylvania Shale Viewer Available at: www.fractracker.org/map/us/pennsylvania/pa-shale-viewer [Accessed une 10, 2020]Google Scholar

Harkness, JS, Darrah, TH, Warner, NR, Whyte, CJ, Moore, MT, Millot, R, Kloppmann, W, Jackson, RB, and Vengosh, A (2017). The geochemistry of naturally occurring methane and saline groundwater in an area of unconventional shale gas development. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta. 208: 302–334 DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2017.03.039.CrossRef Google Scholar

Harrison, SS (1983). Evaluating system for ground‐water contamination hazards due to gas‐well drilling on the glaciated Appalachian Plateau. Groundwater. 21(6): 689–700.CrossRef Google Scholar

Hayes, T (2009). Sampling and Analysis of Water Streams Associated with the Development of Marcellus Shale Gas. Final Report. Prepared for Marcellus Shale Coalition (Formerly the Marcellus Shale Committee).Google Scholar

Hopey, D (2011). DEP reviewing permit for hauler charged with illegal dumping. Pittsburgh Post-Gazette.Google Scholar

Johnson, JD, Graney, JR, Capo, RC, and Stewart, BW (2015). Identification and quantification of regional brine and road salt sources in watersheds along the New York/Pennsylvania border, USA. Applied Geochemistry. 60: 37–50.Google Scholar

Kadlec, J, StClair, B, Ames, DP, and Gill, RA (2015). WaterML R package for managing ecological experiment data on a CUAHSI HydroServer. Ecological Informatics. 28: 19–28.CrossRef Google Scholar

Kargbo, DM, Wilhelm, RG, and Campbell, DJ (2010). Natural gas plays in the Marcellus shale: Challenges and potential opportunities. ACS Publications.Google Scholar

Kim, S, Omur-Ozbek, P, Dhanasekar, A, Prior, A, and Carlson, K (2016). Temporal analysis of flowback and produced water composition from shale oil and gas operations: Impact of frac fluid characteristics. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering. 147: 202–210 DOI: 10.1016/j.petrol.2016.06.019.CrossRef Google Scholar

Lane, MK and Landis, WG. (2016). An Evaluation of the Hydraulic Fracturing Literature for the Determination of Cause–Effect Relationships and the Analysis of Environmental Risk and Sustainability. In Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development Elsevier; 151–173.Google Scholar

Lloyd, OB Jr. and Carswell, LD. (1981). Groundwater resources of the Williamsport region, Lycoming County, Pennsylvania. Water Resource Report 51. Pennsylvania Geological Survey.Google Scholar

Miller, BA (2020). Unconventional oil and gas: Interactions with and implications for groundwater. In Regulating Water Security in Unconventional Oil and Gas, Buono, RM, López Gunn, E, McKay, J, and Staddon, C (eds.) Springer International Publishing, pp. 267–290. DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-18342-4_13.CrossRef Google Scholar

Milliken, P (2013). Brine dumper agrees to cooperate with U.S. Attorney. Youngstown Vindicator.Google Scholar

Mrdjen, I and Lee, J. (2016). High volume hydraulic fracturing operations: potential impacts on surface water and human health. International Journal of Environmental Health Research. 26(4): 361–380.Google Scholar

Olawoyin, R, McGlothlin, C, Conserve, DF, and Ogutu, J (2016). Environmental health risk perception of hydraulic fracturing in the US. Cogent Environmental Science. 2(1): 1209994.CrossRef Google Scholar

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection, Bureau, of Oil and Gas Management. (1991). NORM Survey Summary.Google Scholar

Phan, TT, Capo, RC, Stewart, BW, Macpherson, GL, Rowan, EL, and Hammack, RW (2016). Factors controlling Li concentration and isotopic composition in formation waters and host rocks of Marcellus Shale, Appalachian Basin. Chemical Geology. 420: 162–179.Google Scholar

Poth, CW (1962). The occurrence of brine in western Pennsylvania. Topographic and Geologic Survey (Bulletin M 47): 59.Google Scholar

R Core Team. (2013). R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing.Google Scholar

Rahm, BG, Vedachalam, S, Bertoia, LR, Mehta, D, Vanka, VS, and Riha, SJ 2015. Shale gas operator violations in the Marcellus and what they tell us about water resource risks. Energy Policy. 82: 1–11.CrossRef Google Scholar

Rester, E and Warner, SD. (2016). Chapter 4 - A review of drinking water contamination associated with hydraulic fracturing. In, Kaden, D and Rose, T (eds.) Environmental and Health Issues in Unconventional Oil and Gas Development. Elsevier, pp. 49–60. DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-804111-6.00004-2.Google Scholar

Rowan, EL, Engle, MA, Kraemer, TF, Schroeder, KT, Hammack, RW, and Doughten, MW (2015a). Geochemical and isotopic evolution of water produced from Middle Devonian Marcellus shale gas wells, Appalachian basin, Pennsylvania. AAPG Bulletin. 99(2): 181–206 DOI: 10.1306/07071413146.Google Scholar

Rowan, EL, Engle, MA, Kraemer, TF, Schroeder, KT, Hammack, RW, and Doughten, MW (2015b). Geochemical and isotopic evolution of water produced from Middle Devonian Marcellus shale gas wells, Appalachian basin, Pennsylvania: Geochemistry of produced water from Marcellus Shale water, PA. Aapg Bulletin. 99(2): 181–206.CrossRef Google Scholar

Shih, J-S, Saiers, JE, Anisfeld, SC, Chu, Z, Muehlenbachs, LA, and Olmstead, SM (2015). Characterization and analysis of liquid waste from Marcellus Shale gas development. Environmental Science & Technology. 49(16): 9557–9565 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.5b01780.Google Scholar

Stoner, JD (1987). Water Resources and the Effects of Coal Mining, Greene County, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey.Google Scholar

Tasker, TL (2018). Tracing the Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Oil and Gas Development. Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar

Tasker, TL, Warner, NR, and Burgos, WD. (2020). Geochemical and isotope analysis of produced water from the Utica/Point Pleasant Shale, Appalachian Basin. Environmental Science: Processes & Impacts. 22(5): 1224–1232 DOI: 10.1039/D0EM00066C.Google Scholar

Tisherman, R and Bain, DJ. (2019). Alkali earth ratios differentiate conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon brine contamination. Science of The Total Environment. 695: 133944 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.133944.Google Scholar

Vengosh, A, Jackson, RB, Warner, N, Darrah, TH, and Kondash, A (2014). A critical review of the risks to water resources from unconventional shale gas development and hydraulic fracturing in the United States. Environmental Science & Technology. 48(15): 8334–8348 DOI: 10.1021/es405118y.Google Scholar

Vengosh, A, Kondash, A, Harkness, J, Lauer, N, Warner, N, and Darrah, TH (2017). The geochemistry of hydraulic fracturing fluids. Procedia Earth and Planetary Science. 17: 21–24 DOI: 10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.011.CrossRef Google Scholar

Warner, NR, Christie, CA, Jackson, RB, and Vengosh, A (2013). Impacts of Shale Gas Wastewater Disposal on Water Quality in Western Pennsylvania. Environmental Science & Technology. 47(20): 11849–11857 DOI: 10.1021/es402165b.Google Scholar

Warner, NR, Jackson, RB, Darrah, TH, Osborn, SG, Down, A, Zhao, K, White, A, and Vengosh, A (2012). Geochemical evidence for possible natural migration of Marcellus Formation brine to shallow aquifers in Pennsylvania. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 109(30): 11961 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1121181109.Google Scholar

Wickham, H, Averick, M, Bryan, J, Chang, W, McGowan, L, François, R, Grolemund, G, Hayes, A, Henry, L, and Hester, J (2019). Welcome to the Tidyverse. Journal of Open Source Software. 4(43): 1686.Google Scholar

Williams, JH, Taylor, LE, and Low, DJ (1998). Hydrogeology and groundwater quality of the glaciated valleys of Bradford, Tioga, and Potter Counties, Pennsylvania. Pennsylvania Geological Survey.Google Scholar

Wilson, JM and Van Briesen, JM. (2013). Source Water Changes and Energy Extraction Activities in the Monongahela River, 2009–2012. Environmental Science & Technology. 47(21): 12575–12582 DOI: 10.1021/es402437n.Google Scholar

Wilson, JM, Wang, Y, and VanBriesen, JM (2014). Sources of high total dissolved solids to drinking water supply in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 140(5) DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000733.Google Scholar

Zheng, Z, Zhang, H, Chen, Z, Li, X, Zhu, P, and Cui, X (2017). Hydrogeochemical and isotopic indicators of hydraulic fracturing flowback fluids in shallow groundwater and stream water, derived from dameigou shale gas extraction in the northern qaidam basin. Environmental Science & Technology. 51(11): 5889–5898.Google Scholar

Ziemkiewicz, PF and He, YT. (2015). Evolution of water chemistry during Marcellus Shale gas development: A case study in West Virginia. Chemosphere. 134: 224–231.Google Scholar

Ziemkiewicz, PF, Quaranta, JD, Darnell, A, Wise, R (2014). Exposure pathways related to shale gas development and procedures for reducing environmental and public risk. Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering. 16: 77–84 DOI: 10.1016/j.jngse.2013.11.003.Google Scholar

References

Abdelkrim, J, Robertson, BC, Stanton, JL, and Gemmell, NJ. (2018). Fast, cost-effective development of species-specific microsatellite markers by genomic sequencing. Biotechniques. 46(3): 185–191.Google Scholar

Blauch, M, Myers, R, Moore, T, and Houston, N. (2009). Marcellus Shale Post-Frac Flowback Waters - Where is All the Salt Coming From and What are the Implications? Society of Petroleum Engineers Eastern Regional Meeting, 125740.Google Scholar

Bowles, B, Sanders, M, and Hansen, R. (2006). Ecology of the Jollyville Plateau Salamander (Eurycea tonkawae: Plethodontidae) with an assessment of the potential effects of urbanization. Hydrobiologia. 553: 111–120.Google Scholar

Byrne-Bailey, KG, Gaze, WH, Zhang, L, Kay, P, Boxall, A, Hawkey, PM, and Wellington, EMH. (2010). Integron prevalence and diversity in manured soil. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 77(2): 684–687.Google Scholar

Cantlay, T, Eastham, JL, Rutter, J, Bain, DJ, Dickson, BC, Basu, P, and Stolz, JF. (2020a). Determining conventional and unconventional oil and gas well brines in natural samples I: Anion analysis with ion chromatography. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 55(1), 1–10.Google Scholar

Cantlay, T, Bain, DJ, Curet, J, Jack, RF, Dickson, BC, Basu, P, and Stolz, JF. (2020b). Determining conventional and unconventional oil and gas well brines in natural sample II: Cation analyses with ICP-MS and ICP-OES. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 55(1): 11–23.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Cantlay, T, Bain, DJ, and Stolz, JF. (2020c). Determining conventional and unconventional oil and gas well brines in natural samples III: Mass ratio analyses using both anions and cations. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 55(1): 24–32.Google Scholar

Cayol, JL, Ollivier, B, Patel, BKC, Prensier, G, Guezennec, J, and Garcia, JL. (1994). Isolation and characterization of Halothermothrix orenii gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic, thermophilic, fermentative, strictly anaerobic bacterium. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology. 534–540.Google Scholar

Chen, HH, Zhao, GZ, Park, DJ, Zhang, YQ, Xu, LH, Lee, JC, Kim, CJ, and Li, WJ. (2009). Micrococcus endophyticus sp. nov., isolated from surface-sterilized Aquilaria sinensis roots. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59: 1070–1075.Google Scholar

Collins, J and Storfer, A. (2003). Global amphibian declines: Sorting the hypotheses. Diversity and Distributions. 9: 89–98.Google Scholar

Daley, RA, Borton, MA, Wilkins, MJ, Hoyt, DW, Kountz, DJ, Wolfe, RA, Welch, SA, Marcus, DN, Trexler, RV, MacRae, JD, Krzycki, JA, Cole, DR, Mouser, PJ, and Wrighton, KC. (2016). Microbial metabolisms in a 2.5-km-deep ecosystem created by hydraulic fracturing in shales. Nature Microbiology. 1: 1–9.Google Scholar

Ding, L and Yokota, A. (2004). Proposals of Curvibacter gracilis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Herbaspirillum putei sp. nov. for bacterial strains isolated from well water and reclassification of [Pseudomonas] huttiensis, [Pseudomonas] lanceolata, [Aquaspirillum] delicatum and [Aquaspirillum] autotrophicum as Herbaspirillum huttiense comb. nov., Curvibacter lanceolatus comb. nov., Curvibacter delicates comb. nov., and Herbaspirillum comb. nov. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 2223–2230.Google Scholar

Dugas, O. (2014). Isolation and Characterization of Salinivibrio sp. Strain LP-1 from an Impoundment with Marcellus Shale Waste Water. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Eastham, JL. (2012). Enrichment, Characterization, and Identification of Microbial Communities Found in Unconventional Shale Gas Production Water. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Fichter, JK, Johnson, K, French, K, and Oden, R. (2008). Use of Microbiocides in Barnett Shale Gas Well Fracturing Fluids to Control Bacteria Related Problems. NACE International - Corrosion. 2008: 08658.Google Scholar

Fisher, MM and Triplett, EW. (1999). Automated approach for ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis of microbial diversity and its application to freshwater bacterial communities. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 65: 4630–4636.Google Scholar

Frantz, MW, Wood, PB, Latta, SC, and Welsh, AB. (2020). Epigenetic response of Louisiana Waterthrush Parkesia motacilla to shale gas development. Ibis. 162(4): 1211–1224.Google Scholar

Gabel, JM, Dakin, EE, Freeman, BJ, and Porter, BA. (2008). Isolation and identification of eight microsatellite loci in the Cherokee Darter (Etheostoma scotti) and their variability in other members of the genera Etheostoma, Ammocrypta, and Percina. Molecular Ecology Resources. 8: 149–151.Google Scholar

Goudet, J. (1995). FSTAT (Version 1.2): A Computer Program to Calculate F-Statistics, Journal of Heredity. 86(6): 485–486.Google Scholar

Grossman, GD and Skyfield, J. (2009). Quantifying microhabitat availability: Stratified random versus Constrained focal-fish methods. Hydrobiologia. 624: 235–240.Google Scholar

Groundwater Protection Council (GWPC). (2009). Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer, prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory (NETL). Oklahoma City, Oklahoma.Google Scholar

Hariharan, H, Lopez, A, Conboy, G, Coles, M, and Muirhead, T. (2007). Isolation of Escherichia fergusonii from the feces and internal organs of a goat with diarrhea. The Canadian Veterinary Journal. 48: 630–631.Google Scholar

Hillman, S, Withers, P, Drewes, R, and Hillyard, S. (2009). Ecological and Environmental Physiology of Amphibians. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar

Hohenlohe, PA, Funk, WC, and Rajora, OP. (2020). Population genomics for wildlife conservation and management. Molecular Ecology. 30: 62–82.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Jackson, PE. (2006). Ion chromotography in environmental analysis. In Meyers, RA (ed.) Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry. John Wiley & Sons Ltd., pp. 2779–2801.Google Scholar

Joshi, SN. (2013). Isolation and Characterization of a Bacillus Firmus Strain SWPA-1 from Marcellus Shale Flowback Water. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Karr, JR, Fausch, KD, Andermeier, PL, Yant, PR, and Schlosser, IJ. (1986). Assessing biological integrity in running waters: a method and its rationale. Illinois Natural History Survey Special Publication. 5.Google Scholar

Karraker, NE, Gibbs, JP, and Vonesh, JR. (2008). Impacts of road deicing salt on the demography of vernal pool-breeding amphibians. Ecological Applications. 18: 724–734.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Keller, DH, Horwitz, RJ, Mead, JV, and Belton, TJ. (2017). Natural gas drilling in the Marcellus Shale region: Well pad densities and aquatic communities. Hydrobiologia. 795: 49–64.Google Scholar

Kimmel, WG and Argent, DG. (2006). Development and application of an index of biotic integrity for fish communities of wadeable Monongahela River tributaries. Journal of Freshwater Ecology. 21(2): 183–190.Google Scholar

Kimmel, WG and Argent, DG. (2010). Stream fish community responses to a gradient of specific conductance. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 206: 49–56.Google Scholar

Kimmel, WG and Argent, DG. (2012). Status of fish and macroinvertebrate communities in a watershed experiencing high rates of fossil fuel extraction: Tenmile Creek, a major Monongahela River tributary. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution. 223: 4647–4657.Google Scholar

Kiviat, E. (2013). Risks to biodiversity from hydraulic fracturing for natural gas in the Marcellus and Utica shales. Annuals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 1286: 1–14.Google Scholar

Lampe, DJ and Stolz, JF. (2015). Current perspectives on unconventional shale gas extraction in the Appalachian Basin. Journal of Environmental Science and Health, Part A: Toxic/Hazardous Substances and Environmental Engineering. 50: 434–446.Google Scholar

Latta, SC, Marshall, LC, Frantz, MW, and Toms, JD. (2015). Evidence from two shale regions that a riparian songbird accumulates metals associated with hydraulic fracturing. Ecosphere. 6(9): 144.Google Scholar

Li, H and Durbin, R. (2011). Inference of human population history from individual whole-genome sequences. Nature Genetics. 475: 493–496.Google Scholar

Li, WJ, Zhang, YQ, Park, DJ, Li, CT, Xu, LH, Kim, CJ, and Jiang, CL. (2004). Duganella violaceinigra sp. nov., a mesophilic bacterium isolated from forest soil. International Journal of Systematic Evolutionary Microbiology. 54: 1811–1814.Google Scholar

Maule, AL, Makey, CM, Benson, EB, Burrows, IJ, and Scammell, MK. (2013). Disclosure of hydraulic fracturing fluid chemical additives: analysis of regulations. New Solutions. 23(1): 167–187.Google Scholar

Meador, MR and Carlisle, DM. (2007). Quantifying Tolerance Indictor Values for Common Stream Fish Species of the United States. Ecological Indicators. 7(2): 329–338.Google Scholar

Mohan, AM, Gregory, KB, Vidic, RD, Miller, P, and Hammack, RW. (2011). Characterization of microbial diversity in treated and untreated flowback water impoundments from gas fracturing operations. Society of Petroleum Engineers Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. 147414.Google Scholar

Myers, GS. (1949). Salt-tolerance of fresh-water fish groups in relation to zoogeographical problems. Bijdragen tot de Dierkunde. 28: 315–322.Google Scholar

Nixon, S. (2022). The microbiology of shale gas extraction. In Stolz, JF, Griffin, WM, and Bain, DJ (eds.) Environmental Impacts from the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Nunziata, SO and Weisrock, DW. (2018). Estimation of contemporary effective population size and population declines using RAD sequence data. Heredity. 120: 196–207.Google Scholar

Ohio Environmental Protection Agency (Ohio EPA). (1987). Biological Criteria for the Protection of Aquatic Life: Volumes I–III. Ohio Environmental Protection Agency.Google Scholar

PADEP (2020). 2020 Pennsylvania Integrated Water Quality Monitoring and Assessment Report. Available online at https://gis.dep.pa.gov/IRStorymap2020/. Accessed March 31, 2021.Google Scholar

Pascuzzi, M. (2012). The Effects of Total Dissolved Solids on Locomotory Behavior and Body Weight of Streamside Salamanders, and a Baseline Survey of Salamander Diversity and Abundance. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Pelletier, A and Sygusch, J. (1990). Purification and characterization of three chitosanase activities from Bacillus megaterium P1. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 56(4): 844–848.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Pichel, M, Brengi, SP, Cooper, KLF, Ribot, EM, Al-Busaidy, S, Araya, P, Fernandez, J, Vaz, TI, Kam, KM, Morcos, M, Nielson, EM, Nadon, C, Pimentel, G, Perez-Gutierrez, E, Gerner-Smidt, P, and Binsztein, N. (2012). Standardization and international multicenter validation of a PulseNet Pulsed-Field gel electrophoresis protocol for subtyping Shigella flexneri isolates. Foodborne Pathogens and Disease. 9(5): 418–424.Google Scholar

Porter, BA, Fiumera, AC, and Avise, JC. (2002). Egg mimicry and allopaternal care: two mate-attracting tactics by which nesting striped darter (Etheostoma virgatum) males enhance reproductive success. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. 51: 350–359.Google Scholar

Prettner, S. (2019). A Study of Chloride Levels in Pine Creek, Allegheny County, PA. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Raymond, M and Rousset, F. (1995). GENEPOP (version 1.2): population genetics software for exact tests and ecumenicism. Journal of Heredity. 86: 248–249.Google Scholar

Rocco, GL and Brooks, RP. (2000). Abundance and Distribution of a Stream Plethodontid Salamander Assemblage in 14 Ecologically Dissimilar Watersheds in the Pennsylvania Central Appalachians, Final Technical Report No. 2000-4 of the Penn State Cooperative Wetlands Center, Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar

Rutter, J. (2012). A Baseline Study of Chemical Parameters and Microbial Diversity of Two Streams in the Ten Mile Creek Watershed in Southwestern Pennsylvania. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Stolz, JF and Griffin, WM. (2022). Unconventional shale gas and oil extraction in the Appalachian Basin. In Stolz, JF, Griffin, WM, and Bain, DJ (eds.) Environmental Impacts from the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Google Scholar

Struchtemeyer, CG, Davis, JP, and Elshahed, MS. (2011). Influence of the drilling mud formulation process on the bacterial communities in thermogenic natural gas wells of the Barnett Shale. Applied Environmental Microbiology. 77: 4744–4753.Google Scholar

Struchtemeyer, CG and Elshahed, MS. (2011). Bacterial communities associated with hydraulic fracturing fluids in thermogenic natural gas wells in North Central Texas, USA. FEMS Microbiology Ecology. 81: 13–25.Google Scholar

Tonnis, BD. (2006). Microsatellite DNA markers for the rainbow darter, Etheostoma caeruleum (Percidae), and their potential utility for other darter species. Molecular Ecology Notes. 6(1): 230–232.CrossRef Google Scholar

Trevelline, BK, Latta, SC, Marshall, LC, Nuttle, T, and Porter, BA. (2016). Molecular analysis of nestling diet in a long-distance Neotropical migrant, the Louisiana Waterthrush (Parkesia motacilla). The Auk. 133: 415–428.CrossRef Google Scholar

Wilson, JM and VanBriesen, JM. (2022). Water usage and management. In Stolz, JF, Griffin, WM, and Bain, DJ (eds.) Environmental Impacts from the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

Wolman, G. (1954). A method of sampling coarse river-bed material. Transactions, American Geophysical Union. 35: 951–956.Google Scholar

Woodley, SK, Freeman, PE, and Ricciardella, LF. (2014). Environmental acidification is not associated with altered plasma corticosterone levels in the stream-side salamander, Desmognathus ochrophaeus. General and Comparative Endocrinology. 201: 8–15.Google Scholar

Zhang, YQ, Li, WJ, Zhang, KY, Tain, XP, Jiang, Y, Xu, LH, Jiang, CL, Lai, R. (2006). Massilia dura sp. nov., Massilia albidiflaca sp. nov., Massilia plicata sp. nov., and Massilia lutea sp. nov., isolated from soils in China. International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 56: 459–463.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

References

Abdalla, C. (2009). Water Withdrawals for Development of Marcellus Shale Gas in Pennsylvania. Penn State Extension. https://extension.psu.edu/water-withdrawals-for-development-of-marcellus-shale-gas-in-pennsylvania. Accessed August 24, 2020.Google Scholar

Abramzon, S, Samaras, C, Curtright, A, Litovitz, A, and Burger, N. (2014). Estimating the consumptive use costs of shale natural gas extraction on Pennsylvania roadways. Journal of Infrastructure Systems. 20(3).Google Scholar

Akob, DM, Mumford, AC, Orem, W, Engle, MA, Klinges, JG, Kent, DB, and Cozzarelli, IM. (2016). Wastewater disposal from unconventional oil and gas development degrades stream quality at a West Virginia injection facility. Environmental Science & Technology. 50(11): 5517–5525.Google Scholar

AMJV (Appalachian Mountains Joint Venture. (2020). Priority landbirds. http://amjv.org/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/AMJV-Priority-Species.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2020.Google Scholar

Anderson, MG, Clark, M, and Sheldon, AO. (2012). Resilient sites for terrestrial conservation in the Northeast and Mid-Atlantic region. The Nature Conservancy, Eastern Conservation Science. 289.Google Scholar

Barlow, KM. (2019). Restoring Plant Communities for Multiple Ecosystem Functions after Natural Resource Development. PhD Thesis, The Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar

Barlow, KM, Mortensen, DA, and Drohan, PJ. (2020). Soil pH influences patterns of plant community composition after restoration with native‐based seed mixes. Restoration Ecology. https://doi.org/10.1111/rec.13141 Google Scholar

Barlow, KM, Mortensen, DA, Drohan, PJ, and Averill, KM. (2017). Unconventional gas development facilitates plant invasions. Journal of Environmental Management. 202: 208–216.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Barton, EP, Pabian, SE, and Brittingham, MC. (2016). Bird community response to Marcellus shale gas development. Journal of Wildlife Management. 80(7): 1301–1313.Google Scholar

Bayne, EM, Habib, L, and Boutin, S. (2008). Impacts of chronic anthropogenic noise from energy-sector activity on abundance of songbirds in the boreal forest. Conservation Biology. 22(5): 1186–1193.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Brand, AB, Wiewel, ANM. and Grant, EHC. (2014). Potential reduction in terrestrial salamander ranges associated with Marcellus shale development. Biological Conservation. 180: 233–240.Google Scholar

Brittingham, MC, Barton, E, Fronk, N, Bishop, J, Sullivam, K, and Morreale, S. (2014a). Forest birds, reptiles and amphibians – Quantifying Marcellus shale associated effects on habitat and communities. Final report to the Pennsylvania Game Commission State Wildlife grants Program, Agreement # 4000015961 231048.Google Scholar

Brittingham, MC, Maloney, KO, Farag, AM, Harper, DD, and Bowen, ZH. (2014b). Ecological risks of shale oil and gas development to wildlife, aquatic resources and their habitats. Environmental Science & Technology. 48(19): 11034–11047.Google Scholar

Burger, J. (2002). Restoration, stewardship, environmental health, and policy: Understanding stakeholders’ perceptions. Environmental Management. 30(5): 631–640.Google Scholar

Burgos, WD, Castillo-Meza, L, Tasker, TL, Geeza, TJ, Drohan, PJ, Liu, XF, Landis, JD, Blotevogel, J, McLaughlin, M, Borch, T, and Warner, NR. (2017). Watershed-scale impacts from surface water disposal of oil and gas wastewater in Western Pennsylvania. Environmental Science & Technology. 51(15): 8851–8860.Google Scholar

Burton, GA, Basu, N, Ellis, BR, Kapo, KE, Entrekin, S, and Nadelhoffer, K. (2014). Hydraulic “Fracking”: Are Surface Water Impacts An Ecological Concern? Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. 33(8): 1679–1689.Google Scholar

Buxton, RT, McKenna, MF, Mennitt, D, Fristrup, K, Crooks, K, Angeloni, L, and Wittemyer, G. (2017). Noise pollution is pervasive in US protected areas. Science. 356(6337): 531–533.Google Scholar

Chornesky, EA et al. (2005). Science priorities for reducing the threat of invasive species to sustainable forestry. Bioscience. 55(4): 335–348.Google Scholar

Clark, BK, Clark, BS, Johnson, LA, and Haynie, MT. (2001). Influence of roads on movements of small mammals. Southwestern Naturalist. 46(3): 338–344.Google Scholar

Cooper, J, Stamford, L, and Azapagic, A. (2018). Social sustainability assessment of shale gas in the UK. Sustainable Production and Consumption. 14: 1–20.Google Scholar

Crawford, JA and Semlitsch, RD. (2007). Estimation of core terrestrial habitat for stream-breeding salamanders and delineation of riparian buffers for protection of biodiversity. Conservation Biology. 21(1): 152–158.Google Scholar

Davic, RD and Welsh, HH. (2004). On the ecological roles of salamanders. Annual Review of Ecology Evolution and Systematics. 35: 405–434.CrossRef Google Scholar

DCNR. (2018). Shale gas monitoring report. PA Department of Conservation and Natural Resources. http://elibrary.dcnr.pa.gov/GetDocument?docId=1743759&DocName=37999 DCNR Shale Gas Report 2018 Interactive.pdf. Accessed July 13, 2020.Google Scholar

DiCaglio, J, Barlow, KM, and Johnson, JS. (2018). Rhetorical Recommendations Built on Ecological Experience: A Reassessment of the Challenge of Environmental Communication. Environmental Communication. 12(4): 438–450.CrossRef Google Scholar

Dillon, M. (2011). Water scarcity and hydraulic fracturing in Pennsylvania: examining Pennsylvania water law and water shortage issues presented by natural gas operations in the Marcellus shale. Temple Law Review. 84: 201.Google Scholar

Drohan, PJ and Brittingham, M. (2012). Topographic and soil constraints to shale-gas development in the Northcentral Appalachians. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 76(5): 1696–1706.Google Scholar

Drohan, PJ, Brittingham, M, Bishop, J, and Yoder, K. (2012). Early trends in landcover change and forest fragmentation due to shale-gas development in Pennsylvania: A potential outcome for the Northcentral Appalachians. Environmental Management. 1–15.Google Scholar

Drohan, PJ, Sitch, K, Barlow, KM, and Gamble, B. (2020). Unconventional shale gas site reclamation approaches: soil physical, soil chemical and plant composition outcomes. Environmental Management, in review.Google Scholar

Ehrenfeld, JG. (2000). Defining the limits of restoration: The need for realistic goals. Restoration Ecology. 8(1): 2–9.Google Scholar

Entrekin, S, Evans-White, M, Johnson, B, and Hagenbuch, E. (2011). Rapid expansion of natural gas development poses a threat to surface waters. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 9(9): 503–511.Google Scholar

Entrekin, SA, Maloney, KO, Kapo, KE, Walters, AW, Evans-White, MA, and Klemow, KM. (2015). Stream vulnerability to widespread and emergent stressors: A focus on unconventional oil and gas. Plos One. 10(9).Google Scholar

Evans, JS and Kiesecker, JM. (2014). Shale gas, wind and water: Assessing the potential cumulative impacts of Energy development on ecosystem services within the Marcellus Play. Plos One. 9(2).Google Scholar

Faaborg, J, Brittingham, M, Donovan, T, and Blake, J. (1995). Habitat fragmentation in the temperate zone. Ecology and Management of Neotropical Migratory Birds. Oxford University Press, pp. 357–380.Google Scholar

Fahrig, L and Rytwinski, T. (2009). Effects of Roads on Animal Abundance: an Empirical Review and Synthesis. Ecology and Society. 14(1).Google Scholar

Farwell, LS, Wood, PB, Brown, DJ, and Sheehan, J. (2019). Proximity to unconventional shale gas infrastructure alters breeding bird abundance and distribution. Condor. 121(3).Google Scholar

Farwell, LS, Wood, PB, Dettmers, R, and Brittingham, MC. (2020). Threshold responses of songbirds to forest loss and fragmentation across the Marcellus-Utica shale gas region of central Appalachia, USA. Landscape Ecology. 35(6): 1353–1370.CrossRef Google Scholar

Farwell, LS, Wood, PB, Sheehan, J, and George, GA. (2016). Shale gas development effects on the songbird community in a central Appalachian forest. Biological Conservation. 201: 78–91.Google Scholar

Finewood, MH and Stroup, LJ. (2012). Fracking and the neoliberalization of the hydro‐social cycle in Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale. Journal of Contemporary Water Research & Education. 147(1): 72–79.Google Scholar

Forman, RTT and Alexander, LE. (1998). Roads and their major ecological effects. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 29: 207–231.Google Scholar

Francis, CD and Barber, JR. (2013). A framework for understanding noise impacts on wildlife: An urgent conservation priority. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 11(6): 305–313.Google Scholar

Francis, C, Paritsis, J, Ortega, C, and Cruz, A. (2011). Landscape patterns of avian habitat use and nest success are affected by chronic gas well compressor noise. Landscape Ecology. 26(9): 1269–1280.CrossRef Google Scholar

Frantz, MW, Wood, PB, Sheehan, J, and George, G. (2018). Demographic response of Louisiana Waterthrush, a stream obligate songbird of conservation concern, to shale gas development. Condor. 120(2): 265–282.Google Scholar

Fredericksen, TS. (1998). Impacts of logging and development on Central Appalachian forests. Natural Areas Journal. 18(2): 175–178.Google Scholar

Frick, WF et al. (2010). An emerging disease causes regional population collapse of a common North American bat species. Science. 329(5992): 679–682.Google Scholar

Goodrich, LJ, Crocoll, ST, and Senner, SE. (2020). Broad-winged Hawk (Buteo platypterus), version 1.0. In Birds of the World (A. F. Poole, Editor). Cornell Lab of Ornithology, Ithaca, NY, USA. https://doi-org.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/10.2173/bow.brwhaw.01.Google Scholar

Habib, L, Bayne, EM, and Boutin, S. (2007). Chronic industrial noise affects pairing success and age structure of ovenbirds Seiurus aurocapilla. Journal of Applied Ecology. 44(1): 176–184.Google Scholar

He, C, Zhang, T, and Vidic, RD. (2013). Use of abandoned mine drainage for the development of unconventional gas resources. Disruptive Science and Technology. 1(4): 169–176.Google Scholar

Heilman, GE, Strittholt, JR, Slosser, NC, and Dellasala, DA. (2002). Forest fragmentation of the conterminous United States: Assessing forest intactness through road density and spatial characteristics. Bioscience. 52(5): 411–422.Google Scholar

Hein, CD. (2012). Potential Impacts of Shale Gas Development on Bat Populations in the Northeastern United States. An unpublished report submitted to the Delaware Riverkeeper Network, Bristol, Pennsylvania by Bat Conservation International, Austin, Texas. www.delawareriverkeeper.org/sites/default/files/resources/Reports/Impacts_of_Shale_Gas_Development_on_Bats.pdf (Accessed July 9, 2020).Google Scholar

Hill, LAL, Czolowski, ED, DiGiulio, D, and Shonkoff, SBC. (2019). Temporal and spatial trends of conventional and unconventional oil and gas waste management in Pennsylvania, 1991–2017. Science of the Total Environment. 674: 623–636.Google Scholar

Hobbs, RJ. (2007). Setting effective and realistic restoration goals: Key directions for research. Restoration Ecology. 15(2): 354–357.Google Scholar

Hobbs, RJ, Higgs, E, and Harris, JA. (2009). Novel ecosystems: Implications for conservation and restoration. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. 24(11): 599–605.Google Scholar

Jacquet, JB et al. (2018). A decade of Marcellus Shale: Impacts to people, policy, and culture from 2008 to 2018 in the Greater Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. Extractive Industries and Society: An International Journal. 5(4): 596–609.Google Scholar

Johnson, DL, Ambrose, SH, Bassett, TJ, Bowen, ML, Crummey, DE, Isaacson, JS, and Johnson, DN. (1997). Meanings of environmental terms. Journal of Environmental Quality. 26(3): 581–589.Google Scholar

Johnson, N, Gagnolet, T, Ralls, R, and Stevens, J. (2011). Natural Gas Pipelines: Excerpt from Report 2 of the Pennsylvania Energy Impacts Assessment. The Nature Conservancy.Google Scholar

Kellison, TB, Bunds, KS, Casper, JM, and Newman, JI. (2017). Public parks usage near hydraulic fracturing operations. Journal of Outdoor Recreation and Tourism-Research Planning and Management. 18: 75–80.Google Scholar

Kiviat, E. (2013). Risks to biodiversity from hydraulic fracturing for natural gas in the Marcellus and Utica shalesI In Schlesinger, WH and Ostfeld, RS (eds.) Year in Ecology and Conservation Biology. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1–14.Google Scholar

Kondash, A and Vengosh, A. (2015). Water footprint of hydraulic fracturing. Environmental Science & Technology Letters. 2(10): 276–-280.Google Scholar

Kozak, KH. (2017). What Drives Variation in Plethodontid Salamander Species Richness over Space and Time? Herpetologica. 73(3): 220–228.Google Scholar

Langlois, LA. (2017). Effects of Marcellus Shale Gas Infrastructure on Forest Fragmentation and Bird Communities in Northcentral Pennsylvania. PhD Thesis. The Pennsylvania State University.Google Scholar

Langlois, LA, Drohan, PJ, and Brittingham, MC. (2017). Linear infrastructure drives habitat conversion and forest fragmentation associated with Marcellus shale gas development in a forested landscape. Journal of Environmental Management. 197: 167–176.Google Scholar

Lauer, NE, Harkness, JS, and Vengosh, A. (2016). Brine spills associated with unconventional oil development in North Dakota. Environmental Science & Technology. 50(10): 5389–5397.Google Scholar

Leonard, ML, Horn, AG, Oswald, KN, and McIntyre, E. (2015). Effect of ambient noise on parent-offspring interactions in tree swallows. Animal Behaviour. 109: 1–7.Google Scholar

Lydeard, C et al. (2004). The global decline of nonmarine mollusks. Bioscience. 54(4): 321–330.Google Scholar

Macdonald, SE, Landhausser, SM, Skousen, J, Franklin, J, Frouz, J, Hall, S, Jacobs, DF, and Quideau, S. (2015). Forest restoration following surface mining disturbance: challenges and solutions. New Forests. 46(5–6): 703–732.Google Scholar

Mack, RN, Simberloff, D, Mark Lonsdale, W, Evans, H, Clout, M, and Bazzaz, FA. (2000). Biotic invasions: Causes, epidemiology, global consequences, and control. Ecological Applications. 10(3): 689–710.Google Scholar

Maloney, KO, Young, JA, Faulkner, SP, Hailegiorgis, A, Slonecker, ET, and Milheim, LE. (2018). A detailed risk assessment of shale gas development on headwater streams in the Pennsylvania portion of the Upper Susquehanna River Basin, USA. Science of the Total Environment. 610: 154–166.Google Scholar

Maloney, KO and Yoxtheimer, DA. (2012). Production and disposal of waste materials from gas and oil extraction from the Marcellus shale play in Pennsylvania. Environmental Practice. 14(04): 278–287.Google Scholar

Marcellus Shale Coalition. (2015). Pipeline and Midstream Facilities: Getting Natural Gas to Market Safely. https://marcelluscoalition.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Midstream-and-Pipeline-Fact-Sheet_12.16.15.pdf. Accessed August 21, 2020.Google Scholar

Marquis, RJ and Whelan, CJ (1994). Insectivorous birds increase growth of white oak through consumption of leaf-chewing insects. Ecology. 75(7): 2007–2014.Google Scholar

Marsh, D, Milam, G, Gorham, N, and Beckman, N. (2005). Forest roads as partial barriers to terrestrial salamander movement. Conservation Biology. 19(6): 2004–2008.Google Scholar

MCOR (Marcellus Center for Outreach and Research). (2020 ). Tri-state unconventional shale wells drilled by year (PA,OH, WV). http://www.marcellus.psu.edu/resources/images/tristate-wells-2019.jpg. Accessed July 20. 2020.Google Scholar

Merriam, ER et al. (2018). Brook trout distributional response to unconventional oil and gas development: Landscape context matters. Science of the Total Environment. 628–629, 338–349.Google Scholar

Merriam, G, Kozakiewicz, M, Tsuchiya, E, and Hawley, K. (1989). Barriers as boundaries for metapopulations and demes of Peromyscus leucopus in farm landscapes. Landscape Ecology. 2(4): 227–235.Google Scholar

Miller, AJ and Zegre, N. (2016). Landscape-scale disturbance: Insights into the complexity of catchment hydrology in the mountaintop removal mining region of the eastern United States. Land. 522; doi:10.3390/land5030022.Google Scholar

Miller, JR and Bestelmeyer, BT. (2017). What the novel ecosystem concept provides: A reply to Kattan et al. Restoration Ecology. 25(4): 488–490.Google Scholar

Milt, AW, Gagnolet, T, and Armsworth, PR. (2016). Synergies and tradeoffs among environmental impacts under conservation planning of shale gas surface infrastructure. Environmental Management. 57(1): 21–30.Google Scholar

Mortensen, D, Rauschert, E, Nord, A, and Jones, B. (2009). Forest roads facilitate the spread of invasive plants. Invasive Plant Science and Management. 2(3): 191–199.Google Scholar

Northrup, J and Wittemyer, G. (2013). Characterising the impacts of emerging energy development on wildlife, with an eye towards mitigation. Ecology Letters. 16(1): 112–125.Google Scholar

Nyffeler, M, Sekercioglu, CH, and Whelan, CJ. (2018). Insectivorous birds consume an estimated 400–500 million tons of prey annually. Science of Nature. 105(7–8).Google Scholar

O’Connell, TJ, Jackson, LE, and Brooks, RP. (2000). Bird guilds as indicators of ecological condition in the central Appalachians. Ecological Applications. 10(6): 1706–1721.Google Scholar

Pearce, DW. (2001). The economic value of forest ecosystems. Ecosystem Health. 7(4): 284–296.Google Scholar

Perry, SL. (2012). Development, land use, and collective trauma: The Marcellus Shale gas boom in rural Pennsylvania. Culture, Agriculture, Food & Environment. 34(1): 81–92.Google Scholar

Poole, A and Hudgins, A. (2014). “I care more about this place, because I fought for it”: Exploring the political ecology of fracking in an ethnographic field school. Journal of Environmental Studies and Sciences. 4(1): 37–46.Google Scholar

Rauschert, ESJ, Mortensen, DA, and Bloser, SM. (2017). Human-mediated dispersal via rural road maintenance can move invasive propagules. Biological Invasions. 19(7) 2047–2058.Google Scholar

Rew, LJ, Brummer, TJ, Pollnac, FW, Larson, CD, Taylor, KT, Taper, ML, Fleming, JD, and Balbach, HE. (2018). Hitching a ride: Seed accrual rates on different types of vehicles. Journal of Environmental Management. 206: 547–555.CrossRef Google Scholar PubMed

Robinson, S, Thompson, F, Donovan, T, Whitehead, D, and Faaborg, J. (1995). Regional forest fragmentation and the nesting success of migratory birds. Science. 267(5206): 1987–1990.Google Scholar

Rosenberg, KV et al. (2019). Decline of the North American avifauna. Science. 366(6461); 120.Google Scholar

Rowland, SM, Prescott, CE, Grayston, SJ, Quideau, SA, and Bradfield, GE. (2009). Recreating a Functioning Forest Soil in Reclaimed Oil Sands in Northern Alberta: An Approach for Measuring Success in Ecological Restoration. Journal of Environmental Quality. 38(4): 1580–1590.Google Scholar

Schmid, K and Yoxtheimer, D. (2015). Wastewater recycling and reuse trends in Pennsylvania shale gas wells. AAPG Environmental Geosciences. 22(4): pp. 115–125.Google Scholar

Shen, KG. (2015). Defining Critical Forest Habitat for Area-Sensitive Forest Songbirds in Pennsylvania. MS Hood College.Google Scholar

Slonecker, E, Milheim, L, Roig-Silva, C, Malizia, A, Marr, D, and Fisher, G. (2012). Landscape Consequences of Natural Gas Extraction in Bradford and Washington Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004–2010. U.S. Geological survey open file report 2012–1154.Google Scholar

Slonecker, ET, Milheim, LE, Roig-Silva, CM, Malizia, AR, and Gillenwater, BH. (2013). Landscape Consequences of Natural Gas Extraction in Fayette and Lycoming Counties, Pennsylvania, 2004–2010. U.S. Geological survey open file report 2013–1119.Google Scholar

Souther, S, Tingley, MW, Popescu, VD, Hayman, DTS, Ryan, ME, Graves, TA, Hartl, B, and Terrell, K. (2014). Biotic impacts of energy development from shale: Research priorities and knowledge gaps. Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment. 12(6): 330–338.Google Scholar

Squires, JR, Reynolds, RT, Orta, J, and Marks, JS. (2020). Northern Goshawk (Accipiter gentilis), version 1.0. In Billerman, SM (ed.) Birds of the World. Cornell Lab of Ornithology. https://doiorg.ezaccess.libraries.psu.edu/10.2173/bow.norgos.01.Google Scholar

Tarrant, MA and Cordell, HK. (2002). Amenity values of public and private forests: examining the value–attitude relationship. Environmental Management. 30(5): 0692–0703.Google Scholar

Tarrant, MA, Cordell, HK, and Green, GT. (2003). PVF: A scale to measure public values of forests. Journal of Forestry. 101(6): 24–30.Google Scholar

Tasker, TL et al. (2018). Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Spreading Oil and Gas Wastewater on Roads. Environmental Science & Technology. 52(12): 7081–7091.Google Scholar

Thomas, EH, Brittingham, MC, and Stoleson, SH. (2014). Conventional oil and gas development alters forest songbird communities. Journal of Wildlife Management. 78(2): 293–306.Google Scholar

U.S. Department of Energy. (2009). Modern Shale Gas Development in the United States: A Primer. Washington, DC. www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2013/03/f0/ShaleGasPrimer_Online_4-2009.pdf.Google Scholar

Vining, J, Tyler, E, and Kweon, BS. (2000). Public values, opinions, and emotions in restoration controversies. Restoring nature: Perspectives from the social sciences and humanities, pp. 143–161.Google Scholar

Walters, JR. (1998). The ecological basis of avian sensitivity to habitat fragmentation In Marzlaff, JM and Sallabanks, R (eds.) Avian Conservation: Research and Management. Island Press, pp. 181–192.Google Scholar

Warren, ML and Pardew, MG. (1998). Road crossings as barriers to small-stream fish movement. Transactions of the American Fisheries Society. 127(4): 637–644.Google Scholar

Weltman-Fahs, M and Taylor, JM. (2013). Hydraulic fracturing and brook trout habitat in the Marcellus Shale region: Potential impacts and research needs. Fisheries. 38(1): 4–15.Google Scholar

Whelan, CJ, Sekercioglu, CH, and Wenny, DG. (2015). Why birds matter: From economic ornithology to ecosystem services. Journal of Ornithology. 156: S227–S238.Google Scholar

Williams, DP., Avery, JD., Gabrielson, TB. and Brittingham, MC. (2021). Experimental playback of natural gas compressor noise reduces incubation time and hatching success in two secondary cavity-nesting bird species. Ornithological Applications. 123(1): 1–11.Google Scholar

Wilson, JM and VanBriesen, JM. (2013). Source Water Changes and Energy Extraction Activities in the Monongahela River, 2009–2012. Environmental Science & Technology, 47(21): 12575–12582.Google Scholar

Wilson, JM and VanBriesen, JM. (2021). Water usage and management. In Stolz, JF, Griffin, WM, and Bain, DJ (eds.) Environmental Impacts from the Development of Unconventional Oil and Gas Reserves. Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar

Wood, PB, Frantz, MW, and Becker, DA. (2016). Louisiana Waterthrush and Benthic Macroinvertebrate Response to Shale Gas Development. Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management. 7(2): 423–433.Google Scholar

Zipper, CE, Burger, JA, McGrath, JM, Rodrigue, JA, and Holtzman, GI. (2011). Forest Restoration Potentials of Coal-Mined Lands in the Eastern United States. Journal of Environmental Quality. 40(5): 1567–1577.Google Scholar

References

Bird, James C. (1979). The Effect of Bromide on Trihalomethane Formation. Master’s thesis, University of Tennessee.Google Scholar

Coal Age. (2013). CONSOL Energy Installs Advanced Water Treatment Facility in West Virginia. www.coalage.com/us-news/CONSOL-energy-installs-advanced-water-treatment-facility-in-west-virginia-46950734/Google Scholar

Consent Decree, State of West Virginia through West Virginia Department of Environmental Protection vs CONSOL Energy, Inc.; CONSOLIDATION COAL COMPANY; and WINDSOR COAL COMPANY (2011), at www.epa.gov/sites/production/files/2013-09/documents/consol-cd.pdf Google Scholar

Manley, L. (2017). Analysis of Water Quality in Watersheds of Southwestern Pennsylvania at the Watershed Level. M.S. Thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Mashuda, E. (2016). Analysis of the Water Quality of the Kiskiminetas River System and Its Impacts on the Allegheny River, Pennsylvania. M.S. Thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Merriam, ER, Petty, JT, O’Neal, M, and Ziemkiewicz, PF. (2020). Flow-mediated vulnerability of source waters to elevated TDS in an Appalachian River Basin. Water 2020. 12(2): 384.Google Scholar

Mirza, Nashid. (2019). Minimizing Trihalomethane Formation through Source Water Monitoring and Optimizing Treatment Practices. Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports. 7399. https://researchrepository.wvu.edu/etd/7399 Google Scholar

Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PADEP). (2011). DEP Calls on Natural Gas Drillers to Stop Giving Treatment Facilities Wastewater. Press release April 19, 2011.Google Scholar

Prettner, Selina. (2019). A Study of Chloride Levels in Pine Creek, Allegheny County, PA. Master’s thesis, Duquesne University.Google Scholar

Stemcosky, K. (2015). Drilling Operation Leads to Possible Water Contamination in Potter County. Potter Leader-Enterprise, p. 5. Press Release September 26, 2015.Google Scholar

United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). (2009). Monongahela River Watershed Initial Watershed Assessment. US Army Corps of Engineers Pittsburgh District.Google Scholar

United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA). (2016). Hydraulic Fracturing for Oil and Gas: Impacts from the Hydraulic Fracturing Water Cycle on Drinking Water Resources in the United States (Executive Summary). US Environmental Protection Agency.Google Scholar

Warner, NR, Christie, CA, Jackson, RB, and Vengosh, A. (2013). Impacts of shale gas wastewater disposal on water quality in western Pennsylvania. Environmental Science & Technology. 47(20): 11849–11857.Google Scholar

West Virginia Water Research Institute (WVWRI). (2020a). Monongahela: Tenmile Creek. https://3riversquest.wvu.edu/files/d/31cc31ed-90e3–4289-9742-691116d2bf52/factsheet_tenmile-pptx.pdf.Google Scholar

West Virginia Water Research Institute (WVWRI). (2020b). Southern Allegheny: Pine Creek. https://3riversquest.wvu.edu/files/d/83923a18-de65–4801-b374–6824629bf690/factsheet_pinecreek-pptx.pdf Google Scholar

West Virginia Water Research Institute (WVWRI). (2020c). Northern Allegheny: Pithole Creek. https://3riversquest.wvu.edu/files/d/bbf74ca7–5793-4c38–8b67-cb87ca799cf5/factsheet_pithole-pptx.pdf Google Scholar

West Virginia Water Research Institute (WVWRI). (2020d). Monongahela: Trihalomethane (THM). https://3riversquest.wvu.edu/files/d/bbf74ca7–5793-4c38–8b67-cb87ca799cf5/factsheet_pithole-pptx.pdf Google Scholar

West Virginia Water Research Institute (WVWRI). (2020e). Ohio: Captina Creek. https://3riversquest.wvu.edu/files/d/30c1b837–24e3–484a-8d13-e0ba88e19904/captinacreekfactsheet-pptx.pdf Google Scholar

Wilson, JM, Wang, Y, and VanBriesen, JM. (2014). Sources of high total dissolved solids to drinking water supply in southwestern Pennsylvania. Journal of Environmental Engineering. 140(5). doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)EE.1943-7870.0000733.Google Scholar

Ziemkiewicz, P. (2010). Discharge Management to Control TDS in the Upper Monongahela Basin. West Virginia Surface Mine Drainage Task Force. https://wvmdtaskforce.files.wordpress.com/2016/01/10-ziemk-tds-water-quality-flow-monitoring-upper.docGoogle Scholar

Book contents

Part III - Case Studies

Summary

Access options

References

References

References

References

References

Save book to Kindle

Save book to Dropbox

Save book to Google Drive