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Published online by Cambridge University Press: 11 May 2021
Este libro sale publicado en un momento en que una nueva sensibilidad en relación con la casa se manifiesta como sello distintivo de la Modernidad. El deseo por mejorar el espacio doméstico para adaptarlo a la vida hogareña se expresa en múltiples formas de la cultura actual, desde los experimentos científicos y tecnológicos en domótica hasta los más populares reality shows. Gracias a la disciplina de la domótica surgen y se masifican hoy nuevas tecnologías para crear casas “inteligentes” que pueden manejarse a distancia (luces, calefacción, control de humedad y ventilación, sistemas de seguridad, regadío de áreas verdes, etc.) y que automatizan la distribución de recursos para preservar el medio ambiente y conseguir eficiencia económica. La domótica sin dudas es la expresión más cabal de la tecnocracia que, para filósofos como Theodor Adorno, ha destruido la posibilidad de vivir en casa en la sociedad postmoderna: “the house is past”. Para el filósofo alemán, habitar la casa se volvió imposible desde mediados del siglo XX, por los efectos destructivos bajo el nuevo orden del capital y del nazismo:
Dwelling, in the proper sense, is now impossible. The traditional residences we grew up in have grown intolerable: each trait of comfort in them is paid for with a betrayal of knowledge, each vestige of shelter with a musty pact of family interests. The functional modern habitations designed from a tabula rasa, are living-cases manufactured by experts for philistines, or factory sites that have strayed into the consumption sphere, devoid of all relation to the occupant […] The bombings of European cities, as well as the labour and concentration camps, merely proceed as executors, with what the imminent development of technology has long decided was to be the fate of houses. (p. 107)
Tal vez este nuevo énfasis en la tecnologización de la casa a través de la domótica se deba a una nueva faceta de la cultura occidental que intenta combatir esa imposibilidad de “habitar” en un sentido estricto.
Por otra parte, los reality shows mercantilizan hoy el tema de la casa y del hogar con gran popularidad y despiertan en la audiencia nuevas preguntas y visiones sobre el significado del habitar. Enmarcados en el género de la “telerealidad” o reality show se ofrecen programas de todo tipo.
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