Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 The developmental origins of health and disease: an overview
- 2 The ‘developmental origins’ hypothesis: epidemiology
- 3 The conceptual basis for the developmental origins of health and disease
- 4 The periconceptional and embryonic period
- 5 Epigenetic mechanisms
- 6 A mitochondrial component of developmental programming
- 7 Role of exposure to environmental chemicals in developmental origins of health and disease
- 8 Maternal nutrition and fetal growth and development
- 9 Placental mechanisms and developmental origins of health and disease
- 10 Control of fetal metabolism: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 11 Lipid metabolism: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 12 Prenatal hypoxia: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 13 The fetal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 14 Perinatal influences on the endocrine and metabolic axes during childhood
- 15 Patterns of growth: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 16 The developmental environment and the endocrine pancreas
- 17 The developmental environment and insulin resistance
- 18 The developmental environment and the development of obesity
- 19 The developmental environment and its role in the metabolic syndrome
- 20 Programming the cardiovascular system
- 21 The role of vascular dysfunction in developmental origins of health and disease: evidence from human and animal studies
- 22 The developmental environment and atherogenesis
- 23 The developmental environment, renal function and disease
- 24 The developmental environment: effect on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
- 25 The developmental environment: effects on lung structure and function
- 26 Developmental origins of asthma and related allergic disorders
- 27 The developmental environment: influences on subsequent cognitive function and behaviour
- 28 The developmental environment and the origins of neurological disorders
- 29 The developmental environment: clinical perspectives on effects on the musculoskeletal system
- 30 The developmental environment: experimental perspectives on skeletal development
- 31 The developmental environment and the early origins of cancer
- 32 The developmental environment: implications for ageing and life span
- 33 Developmental origins of health and disease: implications for primary intervention for cardiovascular and metabolic disease
- 34 Developmental origins of health and disease: public-health perspectives
- 35 Developmental origins of health and disease: implications for developing countries
- 36 Developmental origins of health and disease: ethical and social considerations
- 37 Past obstacles and future promise
- Index
- References
25 - The developmental environment: effects on lung structure and function
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 08 August 2009
Book contents
- Frontmatter
- Contents
- List of contributors
- Preface
- 1 The developmental origins of health and disease: an overview
- 2 The ‘developmental origins’ hypothesis: epidemiology
- 3 The conceptual basis for the developmental origins of health and disease
- 4 The periconceptional and embryonic period
- 5 Epigenetic mechanisms
- 6 A mitochondrial component of developmental programming
- 7 Role of exposure to environmental chemicals in developmental origins of health and disease
- 8 Maternal nutrition and fetal growth and development
- 9 Placental mechanisms and developmental origins of health and disease
- 10 Control of fetal metabolism: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 11 Lipid metabolism: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 12 Prenatal hypoxia: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 13 The fetal hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 14 Perinatal influences on the endocrine and metabolic axes during childhood
- 15 Patterns of growth: relevance to developmental origins of health and disease
- 16 The developmental environment and the endocrine pancreas
- 17 The developmental environment and insulin resistance
- 18 The developmental environment and the development of obesity
- 19 The developmental environment and its role in the metabolic syndrome
- 20 Programming the cardiovascular system
- 21 The role of vascular dysfunction in developmental origins of health and disease: evidence from human and animal studies
- 22 The developmental environment and atherogenesis
- 23 The developmental environment, renal function and disease
- 24 The developmental environment: effect on fluid and electrolyte homeostasis
- 25 The developmental environment: effects on lung structure and function
- 26 Developmental origins of asthma and related allergic disorders
- 27 The developmental environment: influences on subsequent cognitive function and behaviour
- 28 The developmental environment and the origins of neurological disorders
- 29 The developmental environment: clinical perspectives on effects on the musculoskeletal system
- 30 The developmental environment: experimental perspectives on skeletal development
- 31 The developmental environment and the early origins of cancer
- 32 The developmental environment: implications for ageing and life span
- 33 Developmental origins of health and disease: implications for primary intervention for cardiovascular and metabolic disease
- 34 Developmental origins of health and disease: public-health perspectives
- 35 Developmental origins of health and disease: implications for developing countries
- 36 Developmental origins of health and disease: ethical and social considerations
- 37 Past obstacles and future promise
- Index
- References
Summary
Introduction
Epidemiological studies have provided strong evidence that a suboptimal intrauterine environment can have long-term effects on postnatal lung function and respiratory symptoms or illness. Prenatal factors that have been causally related to long-term changes in respiratory function and health include impaired fetal nutrition and growth (Harding et al. 2004), maternal tobacco smoking and nicotine exposure (Joad 2004, Maritz 2004) and preterm birth (Albertine and Pysher 2004). Evidence is accruing that a number of common respiratory illnesses of childhood and adulthood may have their origins in fetal life, or that predisposing conditions may be laid down at the time (Shaheen and Barker 1994). Similarly, it is now recognised that alterations to the early postnatal environment can lead to persistent alterations in lung structure and function later in life.
Lung development and maturation are characterised by several distinct phases, namely the embryonic phase followed by the pseudoglandular, canalicular, saccular and alveolar phases. These are followed by the phase of equilibrated lung growth, the final stage of lung maturation (Kauffman et al. 1974). During each phase, specific structural changes occur which eventually result in a lung that can effectively fulfil its role as a gas exchanger, with an ability to resist infection and damage by inhaled toxic agents. Interference with the developmental programme of the lung during any of these phases may render the lung less effective as a gas exchanger or may render it more susceptible to disease.
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- Developmental Origins of Health and Disease , pp. 336 - 348Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2006
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