Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-7tmb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-01T00:44:09.697Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Rheology of high-pressure and planetary ices

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 February 2010

Erland M. Schulson  and
Paul Duval
Erland M. Schulson
Affiliation:
Dartmouth College, New Hampshire
Paul Duval
Affiliation:
Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris
Get access

Summary

Introduction

When subjected to high pressures and varying temperatures, ice can form in 12 known ordered phases. On Earth, only ice Ih is present because polar ice sheets are too thin to reach the critical conditions for the formation of ice II and ice III. The situation is very different for the large icy satellites of the outer planets. Temperature and pressure are such that current models of the internal structure of the principal moons of the outer planets suggest that a thick icy shell containing several high-pressure phases of ice surrounds the silicate core. The occurrence and properties of such ices are the subject of numerous studies to understand the tectonics and dynamics of these ices. A review of the main physical properties of high-pressure ices can be found in Klinger et al. (1985), Schmitt et al. (1998) and Petrenko and Whitworth (1999).

The regions of stability of ice crystalline phases on the pressure–temperature diagram are shown in Figure 8.1. Several phases are not mentioned in this figure because they are not stable or not present in icy satellites. In this chapter, the analysis of the mechanical properties of high-pressure ices is restricted to ices II, III, V and VI, the only ices studied in the laboratory. Crystalline structure, density and shear modulus of several phases of water ice are given in Table 8.1.

Type
Chapter
Information
Creep and Fracture of Ice , pp. 179 - 189
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

Bridgman, P. W. (1912). Water, in the liquid and five solid forms, under pressure. Proc. Am. Acad. Arts Sci., 47, 441–558.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B. and Stern, L. A. (2001). Rheological properties of water ice – applications to satellites of the outer planets. Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci., 29, 295–330.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Heard, H. C. and Kirby, S. H. (1983). Experimental deformation of polycrystalline H2O ice at high pressure and low temperature: preliminary results. J. Geophys. Res., 88, B377–B392.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Kirby, S. H., Heard, H. C. and Stern, L. A. (1987). Inelastic properties of several high pressure crystalline phases of H2O: ices II, III and V. J. Physique, 48, C1-221–C1-226.Google Scholar
Durham, W. B., Kirby, S. H., Heard, H. C., Stern, L. A. and Boro, C. O. (1988). Water ice phases II, III and V: plastic deformation and phase relationships. J. Geophys. Res., 93 (B9), 10,191–10,208.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Kirby, S. H. and Stern, L. A. (1992). Effects of dispersed particulates on the rheology of water ice at planetary conditions. J. Geophys. Res., 97 (E12), 20,883–20,897.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Kirby, S. H. and Stern, L. A. (1993). Flow of ices in the ammonia-water system. J. Geophys. Res., 98 (B10), 17,667–17,682.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Stern, L. A. and Kirby, S. H. (1996). Rheology of water ices V and VI. J. Geophys. Res., 101 (B2) 2989–3001.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Kirby, S. H. and Stern, L. A. (1997). Creep of water ices at planetary conditions: a compilation. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (E7), 16,293–16,302.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Kirby, S. H. and Stern, L. A. (1998). Rheology of planetary ices. In Solar System Ices, eds. Schmitt, B., Bergh, C. and Festou, M.. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 63–78.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Durham, W. B., Stern, L. A. and Kirby, S. H. (2003a). The strength and rheology of methane clathrate hydrate. J. Geophys. Res., 108 (B4), 2182, ECV2-1–ECV2-11.Google Scholar
Durham, W. B., Stern, L. A. and Kirby, S. H. (2003b). Ductile flow of methane hydrate. Can. J. Phys., 81, 373–380.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Echelmeyer, K. and Kamb, B. (1986). Rheology of ice II and ice III from high-pressure extrusion. Geophys. Res. Lett., 13, 693–696.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Fletcher, N. H. (1970). The Chemical Physics of Ice. New York: Cambridge University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gagnon, R. E., Kiefte, H., Clouter, M. J. and Whalley, E. (1987). Acoustic velocities in ice Ih, II, III, V and VI, by Brillouin Spectroscopy, J. Physique, 48, C1-29–C1-35.Google Scholar
Gammon, P. H., Kiefte, H., Clouter, M. J. and Denner, W. W. (1983). Elastic constants of artificial and natural ice samples by Brillouin spectroscopy. J. Glaciol., 29, 433–460.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, S. J. and Chew, H. A. M. (1983). Creep of ice as a function of hydrostatic pressure. J. Phys. Chem., 87, 4064–4066.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Klinger, J., Benest, D., Dollfus, A. and Smoluchowski, R. (1985). Ices in the Solar System. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kubo, T., Durham, W. B., Stern, L. A. and Kirby, S. H. (2006). Grain size-sensitive creep in ice II. Science, 311, 1267–1269.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Petrenko, V. F. and Whitworth, R. W. (1999). Physics of Ice. New York: Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Poirier, J. P., Sotin, C. and Peyronneau, J. (1981). Viscosity of high-pressure ice VI and evolution and dynamics of Ganymede. Nature, 292, 225–227.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Schmitt, B., Bergh, C. and Festou, M. (1998). Solar System Ices. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shaw, G. H. (1986). Elastic properties and equation of state of high pressure ice. J. Chem. Phys., 84, 5862–5868.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sloan, E. D. (1998). Clathrate Hydrates of Natural Gases, 2nd edn. New York: Dekker.Google Scholar
Sotin, C. and Poirier, J. P. (1987). Viscosity of ice V. J. Physique, 48, C1-233–C1-238.Google Scholar
Sotin, C., Gillet, P. and Poirier, J. P. (1985). Creep of high-pressure ice VI. In Ices in the Solar System, eds. Klinger, et al. Dordrecht: Reidel Publishing Company, pp. 109–117.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stern, L. A., Durham, W. B. and Kirby, S. H. (1997). Grain-size induced weakening of H2O ices I and II and associated anisotropic recrystallization. J. Geophys. Res., 102 (B3), 5313–5325.CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×