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8 - An Ecological Approach to Studying Aging and Dual-Task Performance

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  20 May 2010

By
Karen Z. H. Li ,
Ralf Th. Krampe  and
Albina Bondar
Edited by
Randall W. Engle ,
Grzegorz Sedek ,
Ulrich von Hecker  and
Daniel N. McIntosh
Karen Z. H. Li
Affiliation:
Centre for Research in Human Development, Department of Psychology, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H4B 1R6
Ralf Th. Krampe
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94 D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Albina Bondar
Affiliation:
Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Center for Lifespan Psychology, Lentzeallee 94 D-14195 Berlin, Germany
Randall W. Engle
Affiliation:
Georgia Institute of Technology
Grzegorz Sedek
Affiliation:
Warsaw School of Social Psychology and Polish Academy of Sciences
Ulrich von Hecker
Affiliation:
Cardiff University
Daniel N. McIntosh
Affiliation:
University of Denver
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Summary

“… cognitive aging researchers can accept the reality of declining cognitive powers stemming from the reduced efficiency of the brain but at the same time look for means by which older adults can best hold the negative effects of aging at bay and optimize the mental capacities they possess.”

– Salthouse and Craik (2000, p. 701)

A pervasive challenge of modern adult life is to satisfy numerous demands within a constrained period of time. The simultaneous performance of two or more tasks, such as driving and conversing (e.g., Strayer & Johnston, 2001), walking and talking (Kemper, Herman, & Lian, 2003), or listening while note-taking (Tun & Wingfield, 1995), constitutes a cognitive dual-task situation in which attention must be divided. Questionnaire data indicate that older adults rate the difficulty of everyday divided attention activities higher than do younger adults, whereas younger adults report a higher frequency of engaging in dual-task situations compared to older adults (Tun & Wingfield, 1995). The majority of age-comparative studies of divided attention performance concur with the subjective report data (for reviews, see Hartley, 1992; Kramer & Larish, 1996; McDowd, Vercruyssen, & Birren, 1991; McDowd & Shaw, 2000). Since the early 1960s, the importance of dual-task functioning for independent living in old age, coupled with the general trend of age-related declines in such performance, has prompted a steady output of empirical work on this topic (e.g., Broadbent & Heron, 1962).

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Cognitive Limitations in Aging and Psychopathology , pp. 190 - 218
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2005

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