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13 - MRS in breast cancer

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  04 August 2010

Peter B. Barker ,
Alberto Bizzi ,
Nicola De Stefano ,
Rao Gullapalli  and
Doris D. M. Lin
Peter B. Barker
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Alberto Bizzi
Affiliation:
Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan
Nicola De Stefano
Affiliation:
Università degli Studi, Siena
Rao Gullapalli
Affiliation:
University of Maryland, Baltimore
Doris D. M. Lin
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
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Summary

Key points

  • MRS of the breast is more technically demanding than that in the brain.

  • Cho levels have been reported to be higher in malignant breast cancer than in benign lesions and normal breast tissue.

  • Early decreases in Cho signal intensity may be seen in lesions that respond to treatment.

  • MRS is limited by sensitivity to lesions at least 1 cm3.

  • Inadequate sensitivity may lead to false negatives, and both false positives and negatives may arise due to insufficient water and lipid suppression, or other artifacts.

Introduction: MRS of breast tissues

Although the vast majority of magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) studies in humans have been performed to date in the central nervous system, there is growing interest in the application of MRS to other organ systems in the body. This is particularly true for areas such as breast cancer, where conventional diagnostic techniques have relatively limited sensitivity and/or specificity. MRS of the breast presents a number of technical challenges (described in detail later in this chapter) which are gradually being overcome, allowing clinical research studies to be performed. Early MRS studies of human breast cancer focused on the phosphorus (31P) nucleus, since localized, water-suppressed proton spectroscopy was not available at that time. However, with the development of improved gradient hardware, spatial localization, and water suppression techniques, 31P spectroscopy has largely been replaced by proton (1H) MRS. The much higher sensitivity of the proton nucleus allows spectra with higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) to be recorded from smaller volumes of tissue compared to 31P.

Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical MR Spectroscopy
Techniques and Applications
 , pp. 229 - 242
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

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