Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-669899f699-7tmb6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2025-05-01T03:32:42.166Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Chapter 36 - Psychiatric and neurodegenerative disease

overview

from Section 6 - Psychiatric and neurodegenerative diseases

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  05 March 2013

By
Adam D. Waldman
Edited by
Jonathan H. Gillard ,
Adam D. Waldman  and
Peter B. Barker
Jonathan H. Gillard
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Adam D. Waldman
Affiliation:
Imperial College London
Peter B. Barker
Affiliation:
The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
Get access

Summary

Introduction

The advent of neuroimaging techniques that yield physiological in addition to structural information are of particular interest in the scientific and clinical investigations of neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders. These are groups of conditions where any structural changes that are evident on anatomical imaging sequences generally correlate poorly with clinical diagnostic categories, underlying pathophysiology, and disease severity.

The T1- and T2-dependent MR sequences, on which most routine clinical neuroimaging relies, are frequently insensitive to the underlying pathological processes in these diseases. Focal or global atrophy from associated neuronal loss is also frequently subtle or absent, particularly early in the course of disease. As a result, clinical brain imaging using standard techniques is frequently normal, or non-specifically abnormal.

Physiological imaging can be considered to have two main purposes in this context. The first is clinical: to provide diagnostic information which augments that available from clinical examination, laboratory tests, and conventional structural brain imaging. The aim here is to increase the sensitivity and/or specificity of the imaging examination as a whole and to improve diagnostic confidence, which will ultimately guide clinical management. In this context, the technique must provide a surrogate marker of disease that is of predictive value in diagnosis or prognosis for an individual patient.

Type
Chapter
Information
Clinical MR Neuroimaging
Physiological and Functional Techniques
 , pp. 561 - 565
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2009

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

Book purchase

Temporarily unavailable

References

McKhann, G, Drachman, D, Folstein, M, et al. Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease: report of the NINCDS–ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer’s Disease. Neurology 1984; 34: 939–944.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Scahill, RI, Schott, JM, Stevens, JM, Rossor, MN, Fox, NCMapping the evolution of regional atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease: unbiased analysis of fluid-registered serial MRI. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 99: 4703–4707.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yoshiura, T, Mihara, F, Tanaka, A, et al. High b value diffusion-weighted imaging is more sensitive to white matter degeneration in Alzheimer’s disease. Neuroimage 2003; 20: 413–419.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harris, GJ, Lewis, RF, Satlin, A, et al. Dynamic susceptibility contrast MR imaging of regional cerebral blood volume in Alzheimer disease: a promising alternative to nuclear medicine. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 1727–1732.Google ScholarPubMed
Du, AT, Jahng, GH, Hayasaka, S, et al. Hypoperfusion in frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer disease by arterial spin labeling MRI. Neurology 2006; 67: 1215–1220.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fox, NC, Freeborough, PABrain atrophy progression measured from registered serial MRI: validation and application to Alzheimer’s disease. J Magn Reson Imaging 1997; 7: 1069–1075.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
van der Flier, WM, van den Heuvel, DM, Weverling-Rijnsburger, AW, et al. Magnetization transfer imaging in normal aging, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Neurol 2002; 52: 62–67.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kantarci, K, Xu, Y, Shiung, MM, et al. Comparative diagnostic utility of different MR modalities in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2002; 14: 198–207.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Kantarci, K, Jack, CRNeuroimaging in Alzheimer disease: an evidence-based review. Neuroimaging Clin N Am 2003; 13: 197–209.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
O’Brien, JTRole of imaging techniques in the diagnosis of dementia. Br J Radiol 2007; 80(Special Issue): S71–S77.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McMahon, PM, Araki, SS, Neumann, PJ, Harris, GJ, Gazelle, GSCost-effectiveness of functional imaging tests in the diagnosis of Alzheimer disease. Radiology 2000; 217: 58–68.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henriksen, G, Yousefi, BH, Drzezga, A, Wester, HJDevelopment and evaluation of compounds for imaging of amyloid plaque by means of positron emission tomographyEur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2008; 35(Suppl 1): S75–S81.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
de Leon, MJ, Mosconi, L, Blennow, K, et al. Imaging and CSF studies in the preclinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1097: 114–145.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jack, CR, Bernstein, MA, Fox, NC, et al. The Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): MRI methodsJ Magn Reson Imaging 2008; 27: 685–691.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Collie, DA, Sellar, RJ, Zeidler, M, et al. MRI of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: imaging features and recommended MRI protocolClin Rad 2001; 56: 726–739.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zeidler, M, Sellar, RJ, Collie, DA, et al. The pulvinar sign on magnetic resonance imaging in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Lancet 2000; 355: 1412–1418.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bahn, MM, Parchi, PAbnormal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance images in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Arch Neurol 1999; 56: 577–583.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Demaerel, P, Heiner, L, Robberecht, W, Sciot, R, Wilms, GDiffusion-weighted MRI in sporadic Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Neurology 1999; 52: 205–208.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Oppenheim, C, Brandel, J-P, Hauw, J-J, Deslys, JP, Fontaine, BMRI and the second French case of vCJD. Lancet 2000; 15: 356: 253–254.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Matoba, M, Tonami, H, Miyaji, H, Yokota, H, Yamamoto, ICreutzfeldt–Jakob disease: serial changes on diffusion-weighted MRI. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2001; 25: 274–277.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Waldman, AD, Jarman, P, Merry, RTGRapid echoplanar imaging in variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease: where speed is of the essence. Neuroradiology 2003; 45: 528–531.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Graham, GD, Petroff, OAC, Blamire, AM, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 2065–2068.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cordery, R, MacManus, D, Collinge, J, Rossor, M, Waldman, AShort TE proton spectroscopy in variant and familial Creutzfeld–Jakob disease. Proc Int Soc Mag Res Med 2003; 11: 438.Google Scholar
Galanaud, D, Dormont, D, Grabli, D, et al. MR spectroscopic pulvinar sign in a case of variant Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. J Neuroradiol 2002; 29: 285–287.Google Scholar
Waldman, AD, Cordery, RJ, MacManus, DG, et al. Regional brain metabolite abnormalities in inherited prion disease and asymptomatic gene carriers demonstrated in vivo by quantitative proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Neuroradiology 2006; 48: 428–433.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Haïk, S, Galanaud, D, Linguraru, MG, et al. In vivo detection of thalamic gliosis: a pathoradiologic demonstration in familial fatal insomnia. Arch Neurol 2008; 65: 545–9.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, DA, Vitti, RA, Maslack, MMThe role of 99 m-Tc HMPAO SPECT in the diagnosis of Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 1998; 19: 454–455.Google Scholar
Arata, H, Takashima, H, Hirano, R, et al. Early clinical signs and imaging findings in Gerstmann–Sträussler–Scheinker syndrome (Pro102Leu). Neurology 2006; 66: 1672–1678.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Seppi, K, Schocke, MF, Esterhammer, R, et al. Diffusion-weighted imaging discriminates progressive supranuclear palsy from PD, but not from the Parkinson variant of multiple system atrophy. Neurology 2003; 60: 922–927.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Antonini, A, Benti, R, De Notaris, R, et al. 123I-Ioflupane/SPECT binding to striatal dopamine transporter (DAT) uptake in patients with Parkinson’s disease, multiple system atrophy, and progressive supranuclear palsy. Neurol Sci 2003; 24: 149–150.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, DJ, Frey, KA, Marek, KL, et al. Assessment of neuroimaging techniques as biomarkers of the progression of Parkinson’s disease. Exp Neurol 2003; 184(Suppl 1): S68–S79.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brooks, DJThe role of structural and functional imaging in parkinsonian states with a description of PET technology. Semin Neurol 2008; 28: 435–445.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×