Agitation in MNCD
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 31 October 2024
Biopsychosocial-spiritual distress, also known as agitation, can be experienced by anyone with unmet biological needs, safety needs, need for love and belonging, and need for self-actualization. Signs of potential biopsychosocial-spiritual distress can include: restlessness, aggression, agitation, sundowning, wandering, exit seeking, social withdrawal, repetitive behaviors, and increased anxiety. Common unmet biopsychosocial needs in long-term care can include loneliness, boredom, pain, hunger, toileting issues, difficulty communicating needs, medical interventions, changes in routine, interpersonal conflicts, staff issues, and issues with other residents. Potential signs of psychosis in those with major neurocognitive disorders can include screaming out, picking at the skin, extreme agitation with personal care, talking to oneself, signs of compulsive behaviors, and the presence of paranoia. The presence of psychosis in major neurocognitive disorder may warrant the use of antispsychotic angents.
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