Book contents
- The Changing Flow of Energy through the Climate System
- The Changing Flow of Energy through the Climate System
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Earth and Climate System
- 2 Earth’s Energy Imbalance and Climate Change
- 3 Earth’s Energy Balance
- 4 The Sun–Earth System
- 5 Observations of Temperature, Moisture, Precipitation, and Radiation
- 6 The Climate System
- Flows of Energy
- 7 The Weather Machine
- 8 The Dynamic Ocean
- 9 Poleward Heat Transports by the Atmosphere and Ocean
- 10 The Changing Hydrological Cycle
- 11 Teleconnections and Patterns of Variability
- 12 El Niño
- 13 Feedbacks and Climate Sensitivity
- 14 Earth’s Energy Imbalance Estimates
- 15 Attribution and the Hiatus
- 16 Prediction and Projection
- 17 Emissions and Information
- 18 Climate Change and Environmental Issues
- Glossary
- Acronyms
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
15 - Attribution and the Hiatus
from Flows of Energy
Published online by Cambridge University Press: 25 February 2022
Book contents
- The Changing Flow of Energy through the Climate System
- The Changing Flow of Energy through the Climate System
- Copyright page
- Contents
- Foreword
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- 1 Earth and Climate System
- 2 Earth’s Energy Imbalance and Climate Change
- 3 Earth’s Energy Balance
- 4 The Sun–Earth System
- 5 Observations of Temperature, Moisture, Precipitation, and Radiation
- 6 The Climate System
- Flows of Energy
- 7 The Weather Machine
- 8 The Dynamic Ocean
- 9 Poleward Heat Transports by the Atmosphere and Ocean
- 10 The Changing Hydrological Cycle
- 11 Teleconnections and Patterns of Variability
- 12 El Niño
- 13 Feedbacks and Climate Sensitivity
- 14 Earth’s Energy Imbalance Estimates
- 15 Attribution and the Hiatus
- 16 Prediction and Projection
- 17 Emissions and Information
- 18 Climate Change and Environmental Issues
- Glossary
- Acronyms
- Bibliography
- Index
- References
Summary
Temperatures on Earth are rising at the surface and especially for the oceans. But how is it known that this is due to human activities? The main way this question has been addressed in most places is to use climate modeling, where a climate model can be run with and without various forcings and the results compared with observations. In these models, the increase in carbon dioxide is generally assumed. But how is it known that the increased carbon dioxide comes from human activities?
- Type
- Chapter
- Information
- The Changing Flow of Energy Through the Climate System , pp. 234 - 245Publisher: Cambridge University PressPrint publication year: 2022
References
References and Further Reading
National Research Council, 2016: Attribution of Extreme Weather Events in the Context of Climate Change. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 165pp. doi: 10.17226/21852.Google Scholar
Pall, P., Patricola, C. M., Wehner, M., et al., 2017: Diagnosing conditional anthropogenic contributions to heavy Colorado rainfall in September 2013. Weather Climate Extremes, 17, 1–6. doi: 10.1016/j.wace.2017.03.004.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shepherd, T. G., Boyd, E., Calel, R. A., et al., 2018: Storylines: An alternative approach to representing uncertainty in climate change. Climatic Change, 151, 555–571. doi: 10.1007/s10584-018-2317-9Google Scholar
Trenberth, K. E., 2011: Attribution of climate variations and trends to human influences and natural variability. WIREs Climate Change, 2, 925–930. doi: 10.1002/wcc.142.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trenberth, K. E., 2012: Framing the way to relate climate extremes to climate change. Climatic Change, 115, 283–290. doi: 10.1007/s10584-012-0441-5.Google Scholar
Trenberth, K. E., 2015: Has there been a hiatus? Science, 349, 691–692. doi: 10.1126/science.aac9225.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Trenberth, K. E., and Fasullo, J. T., 2013: An apparent hiatus in global warming? Earth’s Future, 1, 19–32. doi: 10.002/2013EF000165.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., Branstator, G., and Phillips, A. S., 2014: Seasonal aspects of the recent pause in surface warming. Nature Climate Change, 4. doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2341.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trenberth, K. E., Fasullo, J. T., and Shepherd, T. G., 2015: Attribution of climate extreme events. Nature Climate Change, 5, 725–730. doi: 10.1038/NCLIMATE2657.CrossRefGoogle Scholar