Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-26T02:09:47.384Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5 - Proof and Persuasion

from Part I - The New Nature

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

By
R. W. Serjeantson
Edited by
Katharine Park  and
Lorraine Daston
Katharine Park
Affiliation:
Harvard University, Massachusetts
Lorraine Daston
Affiliation:
Max-Planck-Institut für Wissenschaftsgeschichte, Berlin
Get access

Summary

Questions of proof and persuasion are important in the history of the sciences of any period, but they are particularly pressing in the case of early modern Europe. The sixteenth and seventeenth centuries saw more self-conscious theoretical reflection on how to discover and confirm the truths of nature than any period before or since; the same period also manifested a huge range of practical strategies by which investigators of the natural world set about demonstrating their findings and convincing their audiences of their claims. Studying these strategies of proof and persuasion has opened up vistas of opportunity for historians of the sciences in early modern Europe. In a range of disciplines, from the social history of medicine to the history of philosophy, historians of the period have argued for the ineradicable significance of forms of proof and persuasion in understanding their various objects of inquiry. The rhetorical form of texts and even objects has come to be seen as constitutive of their meaning, not separable from it. Furthermore, an increasing number of studies have shown how early modern physicians, mathematical practitioners, and natural philosophers all exploited the different and historically specific resources of proof and persuasion that they had at their disposal.

The study of proof and persuasion provides a further opportunity to the historian: It offers a means of bridging the gap between a text (or a practice) and its reception. As the reception, rather than the genesis, of developments in the sciences has become an increasingly important aspect of historiography, it has also become increasingly apparent that this reception history is often extremely difficult to reconstruct.

Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge History of Science , pp. 132 - 176
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2006

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Aaron Dennis,, Michael “Graphic Understanding: Instruments and Interpretation in Robert Hooke’s Micrographia,” Science in Context, 3 (1989).Google Scholar
Acontius, JacobusDe methodo… Über die Methode, ed. , Lutz Geldsetzer, trans. Stein, Alois (Düsseldorf: Stern-Verlag/Janssen and Co., 1971).Google Scholar
Agricola, RudolfDe inventione dialectica libri tres / Drei Bücher über die Inventio dialectica: Auf der Grundlage der Edition von Alardus von Amsterdam [1539], ed. Lothar, Mundt (Tübingen: Max Niemeyer, 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Aristotle, , Nicomachean Ethics, trans. Ross, W. D., revised by Urmson, J. O., in The Complete Works of Aristotle: The Revised Oxford Translation, ed. Barnes, J., 2 vols. (Bollingen Series, 71) (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Aristotle, , The “Art” of Rhetoric, trans. Freese, John Henry (Loeb Classical Library) (London: Heinemann, 1926).Google Scholar
Arnauld, Antoine and Nicole, Pierre, La logique ou l’art de penser [1662–83], ed. Clair, Pierre and Girbal, François, 2nd ed. (Paris: J. Vrin, 1981).Google Scholar
Arnauld, Antoine and Nicole, Pierre, La logique ou l’art de penser [1662], ed. Clair, Pierre and Girbal, François, 2nd ed. (Paris: J. Vrin, 1981).Google Scholar
Ashworth, , “Editor’s Introduction,” in Sanderson, Robert, Logicae artis compendivm (1618), ed. Ashworth, E. Jennifer (Instrumenta Rationis, 2) (Bologna: Cooperativa Libraria Universitaria Editrice Bologna, 1985).Google Scholar
Backus, Irena “The Teaching of Logic in Two Protestant Academies at the End of the 16th Century: The Reception of Zabarella in Strasbourg and Geneva,” Archiv für Reformationsgeschichte, 80 (1989).Google Scholar
Bacon, FrancisDe augmentis scientiarum, in Works, ed. Spedding, James, Ellis, Robert Leslie, and Denon, Douglas Health, 7 vols. (London: Longman, 1857).Google Scholar
Bacon, FrancisNovum organum with Other Parts of the Great Instauration, ed. Urbach, Peter, trans. Gibson, John (Chicago: Open Court, 1994).Google Scholar
Bacon, FrancisNovum organum [1620], ed. Fowler, Thomas, 2nd ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1889).Google Scholar
Bacon, FrancisThe Advancement of Learning [1605], ed. Kiernan, Michael (The Oxford Francis Bacon, 4) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Bacon, , Historia ventorum (London: M. Lownes, 1622).Google Scholar
Bacon, , Historia vitae et mortis (London: M. Lownes, 1623).Google Scholar
Bacon, , The New Organon, trans. Silverthorne, Michael, ed. Jardine, Lisa (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, Peter and Goldstein, Bernard R., “Is Seventeenth-Century Physics Indebted to the Stoics?” Centaurus, 27 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, Peter and Goldstein, Bernard R., “The Role of Comets in the Copernican Revolution,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 19 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Baruch de Spinoza’s, BenedictEthica ordine geometrico demonstrata was first published in his Opera posthuma ([Amsterdam?], 1677).Google Scholar
Bayle, PierrePensées diverses sur la comète [1682], ed. Prat, A., rev. by Rétat, Pierre, 2 vols. in I (Paris: Société des Textes Françsais Modernes, 1994).Google Scholar
Bazerman, CharlesShaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science (Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Benjamin, Andrew E.Cantor, G. N., and Christie, J. R. R., eds., The Figural and the Literal: Problems of Language in the History of Science and Philosophy, 1630–1800 (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Bernoulli, JakobArs conjectandi [1713], in Werke, ed. Waerden, B. L., 3 vols. (Basel: Birkhäuser, 1969–75).Google Scholar
Biagioli, Mario “Scientific Revolution, Social Bricolage, and Etiquette,” in The Scientific Revolution in National Context, ed. Porter, Roy and Teich, Mikuláš (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Blair, AnnThe Theater of Nature: Jean Bodin and Renaissance Science (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Bodin, Jean, “Methodus ad facilem historiarum cognitionem,” in Oeuvres philosophiques, ed. Mesnard, Pierre (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1951).Google Scholar
Bodin, JeanMethod for the Easy Comprehension of History, trans. Reynolds, Beatrice (New York: Columbia University Press, 1945).Google Scholar
Bonelli, M. L. R. and Helden, Albert, Divini and Campani: A Forgotten Chapter in the History of the Accademia del Cimento (Florence: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza, 1981).Google Scholar
Borghero, CarloLa certezza e la storia: Cartesianismo, pirronismo e conoscenza storica (Milan: F. Angeli, 1983).Google Scholar
Boyle, RobertCertain Physiological Essays [1661, 1669].Google Scholar
Boyle, RobertThe Sceptical Chymist [1661].Google Scholar
Boyle, Robert, A Disquisition about the Final Causes of Natural Things [1688], in The Works of Robert Boyle, ed. Hunter, Michael and Davis, Edward B., 14 vols. (London: Pickering and Chatto, 2000), II.Google Scholar
Brandes, Paul D.A History of Aristotle’s Rhetoric: With a Bibliography of Early Printings (Metuchen, N.J.: Scarecrow Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Breen, Quirinus, “The Terms ‘loci communes’ and ‘loci’ in Melanchthon,” Church History, 16 (1947).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, John C.Francis Bacon and the Rhetoric of Nature (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Briggs, Robin “The Académie Royale des Sciences and the Pursuit of Utility,” Past and Present, 131 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brundell, BarryPierre Gassendi: From Aristotelianism to a New Natural Philosophy (Synthèse Historical Library: Texts and Studies in the History of Logic and Philosophy, 30) (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1987.)CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Butler, SamuelProse Observations, ed. Quehen, Hugh (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cantor, Geoffrey “The Rhetoric of Experiment,” in The Uses of Experiment: Studies in the Natural Sciences, ed. Gooding, David, Pinch, Trevor, and Schaffer, Simon (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Caplan, HarryRhetorica ad Herennium, 2.i.1, trans. (Loeb Classical Library) (London: Heinemann, 1954).Google Scholar
Caplan, Harry and King, H. H., “Latin Tractates on Preaching: A Booklist,” Harvard Theological Review, 42 (1949).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Carr, Thomas M. Jr., Descartes and the Resilience of Rhetoric (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Casaubon, MericGenerall Learning: A Seventeenth-Century Treatise on the Formation of the General Scholar, ed. Serjeantson, Richard (Renaissance Texts from Manuscript, 2) (Cambridge: RTM, 1999).Google Scholar
Cicero, , De partitione oratoria, 2.1, trans. Sutton, E. W. and Rackham, H., in De oratore III, De fato, Paradoxa stoicorum, De partitione oratoria (Loeb Classical Library) (London: Heinemann, 1948).Google Scholar
Clucas, Stephen “‘A Knowledge Broken’: Francis Bacon’s Aphoristic Style and the Crisis of Scholastic and Humanist Knowledge-Systems,” in English Renaissance Prose: History, Language, and Politics, ed. Rhodes, Neil (Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 164) (Tempe, Ariz.: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1997).Google Scholar
Clucas, Stephen “In Search of ‘the true logick’: Methodological Eclecticism among the ‘Baconian Reformers’,” in Samuel Hartlib and Universal Reformation: Studies in Intellectual Communication, ed. Greengrass, Mark, Michael, Leslie, and Raylor, Timothy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Cowley, AbrahamA Proposition for the Advancement of Experimental Philosophy (London: Printed by J. M. for Henry Herringman, 1661.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cowley, AbrahamThe Advancement of Experimental Philosophy, Menston: Scolar Press, 1969).Google Scholar
Cox, Virginia “Ciceronian Rhetoric in Italy, 1260–1350,” Rhetorica, 17 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, VirginiaThe Renaissance Dialogue: Literary Dialogue in Its Social and Political Contexts, Castiglione to Galileo (Cambridge Studies in Renaissance Literature and Culture, 2) (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Crawford, Catherine “Legalizing Medicine: Early Modern Legal Systems and the Growth of Medico-Legal Knowledge,” in Legal Medicine in History, ed. Crawford, Catherine and Clark, Michael (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Crombie, A. C. and Carugo, Adriano, “Galileo and the Art of Rhetoric,” Nouvelles de la république des lettres, 2 (1988).Google Scholar
Crombie, Alistair “Mathematics and Platonism in the Sixteenth-Century Italian Universities and in Jesuit Educational Policy,” in Prismata, Naturwissenschaftsgeschichtliche Studien, ed. Maeyama, Y. and Saltzer, W. G. (Wiesbaden: Franz Steiner Verlag, 1977).Google Scholar
Crombie, , Science, Art, and Nature in Medieval and Modern Thought (London: Hambledon, 1996).Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine and Katharine, Park, Wonders and the Order of Nature, 1150–1750 (New York: Zone Books, 1998).Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine “Baconian Facts, Academic Civility, and the Prehistory of Objectivity,” Annals of Scholarship, 8 (1991).Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine “Probability and Evidence,” in The Cambridge History of Seventeenth-Century Philosophy, ed. Daniel, Garber and Michael, Ayers, 2 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998).Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine “Strange Facts, Plain Facts, and the Texture of Scientific Experience in the Enlightenment,” in Proof and Persuasion: Essays on Authority, Objectivity, and Evidence, ed. Marchand, Suzanne and Lunbeck, Elizabeth (Turnhout: Brepols, 1996).Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine “The Doctrine of Chances without Chance: Determinism, Mathematical Probability, and Quantification in the Seventeenth Century,” in The Invention of Physical Science: Intersections of Mathematics, Theology and Natural Philosophy Since the Seventeenth Century: Essays in Honor of Erwin N. Hiebert, ed. Nye, Mary Jo, Richards, Joan L., and Stuewer, Roger H. (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 139) (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1992).Google Scholar
Daston, Lorraine “The Moral Economy of Science,” Osiris, 10 (1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Daston, LorraineClassical Probability in the Enlightenment (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Davis, Edward B. “‘Parcere nominibus’: Boyle, Hooke and the Rhetorical Interpretation of Descartes,” in Robert Boyle Reconsidered, ed. Hunter, Michael (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).Google Scholar
de Arriaga, Roderigo “Disputationes logicae,” in Cursus philosophicus (Paris: Jacques Quesnel, 1639).Google Scholar
Dear, PeterRevolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500–1700 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 2001).Google Scholar
Dear, Peter “From Truth to Disinterestedness in the Seventeenth Century,” Social Studies of Science, 22 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dear, Peter “Jesuit Mathematical Science and the Reconstitution of Experience in the Early Seventeenth Century,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 18 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dear, PeterDiscipline and Experience: The Mathematical Way in the Scientific Revolution (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dear, PeterMersenne and the Learning of the Schools (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Dear, Peter ed., The Literary Structure of Scientific Argument: Historical Studies (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Debus, Allen G.Science and Education in the Seventeenth Century: The Webster-Ward Debate (London: Macdonald, 1970).Google Scholar
Deely, JohnEarly Modern Philosophy and Postmodern Thought (Toronto Studies in Semiotics) (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1994).Google Scholar
del Cimento, AccademiaSaggi di naturali esperienze fatte nell’Accademia del Cimento sotto la protezione del Serenissimo Principe Leopoldo di Toscana e descritte dal Segretario di essa Accademia (Florence: Giuseppe Cocchini, 1667).Google Scholar
Descartes, René “Discourse on the Method,” trans. Cottingham, John, Stoothoff, Robert, and Murdoch, Dugald, in The Philosophical Writings of Descartes, 3 vols. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985–91).Google Scholar
Descartes, RenéDiscours de la méthode [1637].Google Scholar
Descartes, RenéOeuvres de Descartes, ed. Adam, Charles and Tannery, Paul, 12 vols. (Paris: J. Vrin, 1964–76) vol. 6: Discours de la méthode & Essais (1973).Google Scholar
Descartes, RenéPrinciples of Philosophy [1644].Google Scholar
Detel, WolfgangScientia rerum natura occultarum: Methodologische Studien zur Physik Pierre Gassendis (Quellen und Studien zur Philosophie, 14) (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1978).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Dieckmann, H. “The Influence of Francis Bacon on Diderot’s Interprétation de la nature,” Romanic Review, 24 (1943).Google Scholar
Dietz Moss, Jean “Aristotle’s Four Causes: Forgotten topos of Renaissance Rhetoric,” Rhetoric Society Quarterly, 17 (1987).Google Scholar
Dietz Moss, Jean “Galileo’s Letter to Christina: Some Rhetorical Considerations,” Renaissance Quarterly, 36 (1983).Google Scholar
Dietz Moss, Jean “Newton and the Jesuits in the Philosophical Transactions,” in Newton and the New Direction in Science: Proceedings of the Cracow Conference 25 to 28 May 1987, ed. Coyne, G. V., Heller, M., and Zycinski, J. (Vatican City: Vatican Observatory, 1988).Google Scholar
Dietz Moss, Jean “The Interplay of Science and Rhetoric in Seventeenth-Century Italy,” Rhetorica, 7 (1989).Google Scholar
Domat, JeanLes Loix civiles dans leur ordre naturel, 2nd ed., 3 vols. (Paris: Jean Baptiste Coignard, 1691–97), 2.Google Scholar
Eamon, WilliamScience and the Secrets of Nature: Books of Secrets in Medieval and Early Modern Culture (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Edwards, William F. “Niccolò Leoniceno and the Origins of Humanist Discussion of Method,” in Philosophy and Humanism: Renaissance Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller, ed. Mahoney, Edward (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976).Google Scholar
Elena, Alberto “Baconianism in the Seventeenth-Century Netherlands: A Preliminary Survey,” Nuncius, 6 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Elzinger, Aant “Christiaan Huygens’ Theory of Research,” Janus, 67 (1980).Google Scholar
Evelyn, John to Boyle, Robert, The Correspondence of Robert Boyle, 1636–91, ed. Hunter, Michael, Clericuzio, Antonio, and Principe, Lawrence M., 6 vols. (London: Pickering and Chatto, 2001).Google Scholar
Feingold, Mordechai “Mathematicians and Naturalists: Sir Isaac Newton and the Royal Society,” in Isaac Newton’s Natural Philosophy, ed. Buchwald, Jed Z. and Cohen, I. Bernard (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Feingold, Mordechai “Tradition versus Novelty: Universities and Scientific Societies in the Early Modern Period,” in Revolution and Continuity: Essays in the History and Philosophy of Early Modern Science, ed. Barker, P. and Ariew, R. (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Feingold, MordechaiThe Mathematicians’ Apprenticeship: Science, Universities, and Society in England, 1560–1640 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Ferrari, Giovanna “Public Anatomy Lessons and the Carnival: The Anatomy Theatre of Bologna,” Past and Present, 117 (1987).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Finocchiaro, Maurice A.Galileo and the Art of Reasoning: Rhetorical Foundations of Logic and Scientific Method (Boston Studies in the Philosophy of Science, 61) (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Foster Jones, Richard “The Rhetoric of Science in England of the Mid-Seventeenth Century,” in Restoration and Eighteenth-Century Literature, ed. Camden, Carroll (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1963).Google Scholar
French, R. K. “Berengario da Carpi and the use of Commentary in Anatomical Teaching,” in The Medical Renaissance of the Sixteenth Century, ed. Wear, A., French, R. K., and Lonie, I. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985).Google Scholar
French, Roger “Sign Conceptions in Medicine from the Renaissance to the Early Nineteenth Century,” in Semiotik: Ein Handbuch zu den zeichentheoretischen Grundlagen von Natur und Kultur, ed. Posner, Roland, Robering, Klaus, and Sebeok, Thomas Albert (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1998).Google Scholar
Frytschius, MarcusMeteorum, hoc est, impressionum aerearum et mirabilium naturae operum, loci fere omnes, methodo dialectica conscripti, & singulari quadam cura diligentiaque in eum ordinem digestiac distributi (Nuremberg: Montanus and Neuber, 1563).Google Scholar
Funkenstein, AmosTheology and the Scientific Imagination from the Middle Ages to the Seventeenth Century (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Garber, Daniel and Zabell, Sandy, “On the Emergence of Probability,” Archive for the History of Exact Science, 21 (1979).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Garber, Daniel “Apples, Oranges, and the Role of Gassendi’s Atomism in Seventeenth-Century Science,” Perspectives on Science, 3 (1995).Google Scholar
Gascoigne, John “The Universities and the Scientific Revolution: The Case of Newton and Restoration Cambridge,” History of Science, 23 (1985).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gassendi, PierreInstitutio logica (1658), ed. and trans. Jones, Howard (Assen: Van Gorcum, 1981).Google Scholar
Gaukroger, StephenCartesian Logic: An Essay on Descartes’s Conception of Inference (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Gilbert, Neal W.Renaissance Concepts of Method (New York: Columbia University Press, 1960).Google Scholar
Gilbert, WilliamDe magnete, magneticisque corporibus, et de magno magnete tellure: Physiologia nova, plurimis & argumentis, & experimentis demonstrata (London: Peter Short, 1600; facsimile repr. Brussels: Culture and Civilisation, 1967).Google Scholar
Goclenius, RudolphLexicon philosophicum (Frankfurt am Main: Petrus Musculus and Rupert Pistorius, 1613).Google Scholar
Goldgar, AnneImpolite Learning: Conduct and Community in the Republic of Letters, 1680–1750 (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Golinski, Jan V. “Language, Discourse, and Science,” in Companion to the History of Modern Science, ed. Olby, R. C., Cantor, G. N., Christie, J. R. R., and Hodge, M. J. S. (London: Routledge, 1990).Google Scholar
Gowland, Angus “Rhetorical Structure and Function in the Anatomy of Melancholy,” Rhetorica, 19 (2001).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goyet, Francis, Le Sublime du lieu commun: L’Invention rhetorique dans l’Antiquité et à la Renaissance (Paris: Honoré Champion, 1996).Google Scholar
Grafton, Anthony “Jean Hardouin: The Antiquary as Pariah,” Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes, 62 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Grafton, AnthonyCardano’s Cosmos: The Worlds and Works of a Renaissance Magician (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1999).Google Scholar
Grafton, AnthonyCommerce with the Classics: Ancient Books and Renaissance Readers (Jerome Lectures, 20) (Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gross, Alan G. and William, M. Keith, eds., Rhetorical Hermeneutics: Invention and Interpretation in the Age of Science (Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997).Google Scholar
Gross, Alan G.The Rhetoric of Science (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Hacking, IanThe Emergence of Probability: A Philosophical Study of Early Ideas about Probability, Induction, and Statistical Inference (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1975).Google Scholar
Hacking, IanThe Taming of Chance (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Hahn, RogerThe Anatomy of a Scientific Institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666–1803 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Hardison, O. B.The Enduring Monument: A Study of the Idea of Praise in Renaissance Literary Theory and Practice (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1962).Google Scholar
Harley, David “Rhetoric and the Social Construction of Sickness and Healing,” Social History of Medicine, 12 (1999).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Harwood, John T. “Rhetoric and Graphics in Micrographia,” in Robert Hooke: New Studies, ed. Hunter, Michael and Schaffer, Simon (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Heckel, David “Francis Bacon’s New Science: Print and the Transformation of Rhetoric,” in Media, Consciousness, and Culture: Explorations of Walter Ong’s Thought, ed. Gronbeck, Bruce E., Farrell, Thomas J., and Soukup, Paul A. (Newbury Park, Calif.: Sage, 1991).Google Scholar
Hellyer, Marcus “‘Because the authority of my superiors commands’: Censorship, Physics, and the German Jesuits,” Early Science and Medicine, 1 (1995).Google Scholar
Henderson, , “Erasmian Ciceronians: Reformation Teachers of Letter-writing,” Rhetorica, 10 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Henderson, , “On Reading the Rhetoric of the Renaissance Letter,” in Renaissance-Rhetorik, ed. , Heinrich F. Plett (Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1993).Google Scholar
Herman Randall, JohnThe School of Padua and the Emergence of Modern Science (Padua: Editrice Antenore, 1961).Google Scholar
Hobbes, ThomasDe corpore, in The English Works of Thomas Hobbes, ed. Molesworth, Sir William, 11 vols. (London: Bohn, 1839). vol. 1.Google Scholar
Hobbes, ThomasLeviathan [1651], ed. Tuck, Richard, rev. ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996), chap. 4.Google Scholar
Hobbes, ThomasThomas White’s “De Mundo” Examined, trans. Jones, Harold Whitmore (Bradford: Bradford University Press, 1976), chap. 1.Google Scholar
Hooke, Robert “A General Scheme, or Idea of the Present State of Natural Philosophy,” in Hooke, Posthumous Works, ed. Waller, Richard (London: Samuel Smith and Benjamin Walford, 1705; facsimile repr. London: Frank Cass, 1971).Google Scholar
Hooper, George, “A Calculation of the Credibility of Human Testimony,” Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, 21 (1699).Google Scholar
Hubertus Laeven, AugustinusThe Acta Eruditorum under the Editorship of Otto Mencke: The History of an International Learned Journal between 1682 and 1707, trans. Richards, Lynne (Amsterdam: APA–North Holland University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Hüllen, , “Their Manner of Discourse”: Nachdenken uber Sprache im Umkreis der Royal Society (Tübingen: Narr, 1989).Google Scholar
Hunter, Michael and Paul, B. Wood, “Towards Solomon’s House: Rival Strategies for Reforming the Early Royal Society,” History of Science, 24 (1986).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hunter, MichaelEstablishing the New Science: The Experience of the Early Royal Society (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Hunter, , Science and Society in Restoration England (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981).Google Scholar
Huygens, Christiaan in about 1663, Oeuvres complètes de Huygens, 22 vols. (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1888–1950).Google Scholar
Huygens, ChristiaanDe ratione in ludo aleae (1657).Google Scholar
Jardine, Lisa “Distinctive Discipline: Rudolph Agricola’s Influence on Methodical Thinking in the Humanities,” in Rodolphus Agricola Phrisius (1444–1485): Proceedings of the International Conference at the University of Groningen, 28–30 October 1985, ed. Akkerman, F. and Vanderjagt, A. J. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1988).Google Scholar
Jardine, Lisa “Lorenzo Valla and the Intellectual Origins of Humanist Dialectic,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 15 (1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jardine, LisaFrancis Bacon: Discovery and the Art of Discourse (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1974)Google Scholar
Jardine, Nicholas “Demonstration, Dialectic, and Rhetoric in Galileo’s Dialogue,” in The Shapes of Knowledge from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, ed. Donald, R. Kelley and Richard, H. Popkin (Dordrecht: Kluwer, 1991).Google Scholar
Jardine, Nicholas “Galileo’s Road to Truth and the Demonstrative Regress,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 7 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jardine, Nicholas “Keeping Order in the School of Padua: Jacopo Zabarella and Francesco Piccolomini on the Offices of Philosophy,” in Method and Order in Renaissance Philosophy of Nature: The Aristotle Commentary Tradition, ed. Liscia, Daniel Di, Kessler, Eckhard, and Methuen, Charlotte (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1997).Google Scholar
Jardine, Nicholas “Scepticism in Renaissance Astronomy: A Preliminary Study,” in Scepticism from the Renaissance to the Enlightenment, ed. Popkin, Richard H. and Schmitt, C. B. (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 1987).Google Scholar
Jardine, Nicholas “The Places of Astronomy in Early Modern Culture,” Journal for the History of Astronomy, 29 (1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennifer Ashworth, E. “Historical Introduction,” in Language and Logic in the Post-Medieval Period (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1974).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jennifer Ashworth, E. “Logic in Late Sixteenth-Century England: Humanist Dialectic and the New Aristotelianism,” Studies in Philology, 88 (1991).Google Scholar
Johns, Adrian “Prudence and Pedantry in Early Modern Cosmology: The Trade of Al Ross,” History of Science, 35 (1997).Google Scholar
Johns, AdrianThe Nature of the Book: Print and Knowledge in the Making (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Johnston, Stephen “Mathematical Practitioners and Instruments in Elizabethan England,” Annals of Science, 48 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Jones, Carol A. G.Expert Witnesses: Science, Medicine, and the Practice of Law (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Jones, HowardThe Epicurean Tradition (London: Rout-ledge, 1989).Google Scholar
Jørgen Green-Pedersen, NielsThe Tradition of the Topics in the Middle Ages: The Commentaries on Aristotle’s and Boethius’ “Topics” (Munich: Philosophia Verlag, 1984).Google Scholar
Kargon, Robert “Expert Testimony in Historical Perspective,” Law and Human Behaviour, 10 (1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kelley, Donald R. “The Development and Context of Bodin’s Method,” in Jean Bodin: Verhandlungen der internationalen Bodin-Tagung in München 1970, ed. Denzer, Horst (Munich: Beck, 1973).Google Scholar
Kelley, Donald R.History, Law, and the Human Sciences: Medieval and Renaissance Perspectives (London: Variorum Reprints, 1984), chap. 8.Google Scholar
Kelley, Donald R.Renaissance Humanism (Boston: Twayne Publishers, 1991).Google Scholar
King, , “Pulpit Eloquence: A List of Doctrinal and Historical Studies in English,” Speech Monographs, 22 (1955).Google Scholar
Kisiel, Theodore “Ars inveniendi: A Classical Source for Contemporary Philosophy of Science,” Revue internationale de philosophie, 34 (1980).Google Scholar
Kristeller, Paul O. “The Modern System of the Arts,” in Renaissance Thought II (New York: Harper, 1964).Google Scholar
Kuhn, Thomas “Mathematical versus Experimental Traditions in the Development of Physical Science,” Journal of Interdisciplinary History, 7 (1976).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kuller Shuger, DeboraSacred Rhetoric: The Christian Grand Style in the English Renaissance (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Kusukawa, Sachiko “The Historia piscium (1686),” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 54 (2000).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kusukawa, SachikoThe Transformation of Natural Philosophy: The Case of Philip Melanchthon (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1995).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Landsman, Stephen “One Hundred Years of Rectitude: Medical Witnesses at the Old Bailey, 1717–1817,” Law and History Review, 16 (1986).Google Scholar
Lanham, Richard A.A Handlist of Rhetorical Terms, 2nd ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Lawn, BrianThe Rise and Decline of the Scholastic “Quaestio Disputata”: With Special Emphasis on Its Use in the Teaching of Medicine and Science (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993).Google Scholar
le Bouvier de Fontenelle, BernardDigression sur les Anciens et les Modernes [1688], ed. Shackleton, Robert (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1955).Google Scholar
le Bovier de Fontenelle, Bernard“Preface” to the Histoire de l’Académie royale des sciences. Année M.DC.XX (Paris: Jean Boudot, 1702).Google Scholar
le Bovier de Fontenelle, Bernard ed., Histoire de l’Académie Royale des Sciences, 9 vols. (Paris: Gabriel Martin, 1729–33).Google Scholar
Lebel, Maurice “Le concept de l’encyclopaedia dans l’oeuvre de Guillaume Budé,” in Acta Conventus Neo-Latini Torontonensis: Proceedings of the Seventh International Congress of Neo-Latin Studies, Toronto, 8 August to 13 August 1988, ed. Alexander, Dalzell, Charles, Fantazzi, and Richard, J. Schoeck (Binghamton, N.Y.: Medieval and Renaissance Texts and Studies, 1991).Google Scholar
Leff, Michael C. “The Topics of Argumentative Invention in Latin Rhetorical Theory from Cicero to Boethius,” Rhetorica, 1 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Leibniz, , “Disourse touchant la méthode de la certitude et l’art d’inventer” and Couturat, Louis, La Logique de Leibniz (Paris: Félix Alcan, 1901).Google Scholar
Lines, David A. “University Natural Philosophy in Renaissance Italy: The Decline of Aristotelianism?” in The Dynamics of Natural Philosophy in the Aristotelian Tradition (and Beyond): Doctrinal and Institutional Perspectives, ed. Leijenhorst, Cees, Lüthy, Christoph, and Thijssen, Johannes M. M. H. (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 2002).Google Scholar
Locke, JohnAn Essay Concerning Human Understanding [1690], ed. Nidditch, Peter H. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1975).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Locke, JohnSome Thoughts Concerning Education, ed. Yolton, John W. and Yolton, Jean S. (The Clarendon Edition of the Works of John Locke) (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Lohr, Charles H.Latin Aristotle Commentaries, 2 vols. (Florence: Leo S. Olschki, 1988).Google Scholar
Louise Haugen, Kristine “Imagined Universities: Public Insult and the Terrae filius in Early Modern Oxford,” History of Universities, 16 (2000).Google Scholar
Mack, PeterRenaissance Argument: Valla and Agricola in the Traditions of Rhetoric and Dialectic (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, 43) (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1993).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclean, Ian “Evidence, Logic, the Rule and the Exception in Renaissance Law and Medicine,” Early Science and Medicine, 5 (2000).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Maclean, Ian “The Interpretation of Natural Signs: Cardano’s De subtilitate versus Scaliger’s Exercitationes,” in Occult and Scientific Mentalities in the Renaissance, ed. Vickers, Brian (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1984).Google Scholar
Maclean, IanMontaigne philosophe (Paris: Presses Universitaires de France, 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclean, IanThe Renaissance Notion of Woman: A Study in the Fortunes of Scholasticism and Medical Science in European Intellectual Life (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Maclean, Ian and Kessler, Eckhard, eds., Res et Verba in der Renaissance (Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2002).Google Scholar
Maclean, , Interpretation and Meaning in the Renaissance: The Case of Law (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).Google Scholar
Malherbe, Michel “Bacon, l’ Encyclopédie et la Révolution,” Les études philosophiques, 3 (1985).Google Scholar
Mancosu, Paolo “Aristotelian Logic and Euclidean Mathematics: Seventeenth-Century Developments of the Quaestio de certitudine mathematicarum,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 23 (1992).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Mancosu, PaoloPhilosophy of Mathematics and Mathematical Practice in the Seventeenth Century (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Manetti, Giovanni “Indizi e prove nella cultura greca: Forza epistemica e criteri di validità dell’inferenza semiotica,” Quaderni storici, 85, no. 29 (1994).Google Scholar
Martin, JulianFrancis Bacon, the State and the Reform of Natural Philosophy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992).Google Scholar
McManamon, John M., Funeral Oratory and the Cultural Ideals of Italian Humanism (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Middleton, W. E. K.The Experimenters: A Study of the Accademia del Cimento (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1971).Google Scholar
Mikkeli, HeikkiAn Aristotelian Response to Renaissance Humanism: Jacopo Zabarella on the Nature of Arts and Sciences (Societas Historica Finlandiae Studia Historica, 41) (Helsinki: SHS, 1992).Google Scholar
Monfasani, John “Humanism and Rhetoric,” in Renaissance Humanism: Foundations, Forms, and Legacy, ed. Rabil, Albert, 3 vols. (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1988), vol. 3: Humanism and the Disciplines.Google Scholar
Monfasani, John “Lorenzo Valla and Rudolph Agricola,” Journal of the History of Philosophy, 28 (1990).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, AnnPrinted Commonplace-Books and the Structuring of Renaissance Thought (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moss, , “Galileo’s Rhetorical Strategies in Defense of Copernicanism,” in Novità celesti e crisi del sapere: atti del convegno internazionale di studi Galileiani, ed. Galluzzi, Paolo (Florence: Giunti Barbèra, 1984).Google Scholar
Moss, , “The Rhetoric of Proof in Galileo’s Writings on the Copernican System,” in Reinterpreting Galileo, ed. Wallace, William A. (Washington, D.C.: Catholic University of America Press, 1986).Google Scholar
Moss, , Novelties in the Heavens: Rhetoric and Science in the Copernican Controversy (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1993).Google Scholar
Mulligan, Lotte “Robert Hooke and Certain Knowledge,” The Seventeenth Century, 7 (1992).Google Scholar
Murphy, , ed., Renaissance Eloquence, and Mack, Peter, ed., Renaissance Rhetoric (Basingstoke: Macmillan, 1994).Google Scholar
Murphy, James J.Renaissance Rhetoric: A Short-title Catalogue of Works on Rhetorical Theory from the Beginning of Printing to A. D. 1700 (New York: Garland, 1981).Google Scholar
Murphy, James J.Rhetoric in the Middle Ages: A History of Rhetorical Theory from St. Augustine to the Renaissance (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1974).Google Scholar
Murphy, James J. and Davis, Martin, “Rhetorical Incunabula: A Short-title Catalogue of Texts Printed to the Year 1500,” Rhetorica, 15 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Nance, Brian K. “Determining the Patient’s Temperament: An Excursion into Seventeenth-Century Medical Semiology,” Bulletin of the History of Medicine, 67 (1993).Google Scholar
Nash, RichardJohn Craige’s Mathematical Principles of Christianity (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Naudé, Gabrielfirst published as Advis pour dresser une bibliothèque, 1644).Google Scholar
Naudé, GabrielInstructions Concerning Erecting of a Library, trans. Evelyn, John (London: G. Bedle, T. Collins, and J. Crook, 1661.Google Scholar
Neal, K. “The Rhetoric of Utility: Avoiding Occult Associations for Mathematics through Profitability and Pleasure,” History of Science, 37 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Newton, IsaacOpticks (New York: Dover, 1979).Google Scholar
Nutton, Vivian “The Rise of Medical Humanism: Ferrara, 1464–1555,” Bulletin of the Society for Renaissance Studies, II (1997).Google Scholar
O’Malley, John W., Praise and Blame in Renaissance Rome: Rhetoric, Doctrine, and Reform in the Sacred Orators of the Papal Court, c. 1450–1521 (Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press, 1979).Google Scholar
Oestreich, GerhardNeostoicism and the Early Modern State, ed. Oestreich, Brigitta and Koenigsberger, H. G., trans. McLintock, David (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldroyd, D. R. “Robert Hooke’s Methodology of Science as Exemplified in his ‘Discourse of Earthquakes’,” British Journal for the History of Science, 6 (1972).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oldroyd, , “Some ‘Philosophical Scribbles’ Attributed to Robert Hooke,” Notes and Records of the Royal Society, 35 (1980).CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Olivieri, Luigi ed., Aristotelismo veneto e scienza moderna, 2 vols. (Padua: Editrice Antenore, 1983).Google Scholar
Olroyd, , “Some Writings of Robert Hooke on Procedures for the Prosecution of Scientific Inquiry, Including his ‘Lectures of Things Requisite to a Natural History’,” Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London, 41 (1987).Google Scholar
Ong, Walter J. S.J., Ramus, Method, and the Decay of Dialogue: From the Art of Discourse to the Art of Reason (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1958).Google Scholar
Osler, Margaret J., ed., Atoms, Pneuma, and Tranquillity: Epicurean and Stoic Themes in European Thought (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osler, Margaret J. “John Locke and the Changing Ideal of Scientific Knowledge,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 31 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Osler, Margaret J.Divine Will and the Mechanical Philosophy: Gassendi and Descartes on Contingency and Necessity in the Created World (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ottoson, Per-GunnarScholastic Medicine and Philosophy: A Study of Commentaries on Galen’s Tegni (Uppsala: Institutionen för Idé-och Läardomhistoria, Uppsala University, 1982).Google Scholar
Parker, SamuelSix Philosophical Essays upon Several Subjects (London: Thomas Newborough, 1700).Google Scholar
Pascal, Blaise “De l’esprit géometrique et de l’art de persuader,” in Oeuvres complètes, ed. Lafuma, L. (Paris: Éditions du Seuil, 1963).Google Scholar
Paulo, SanctoSumma philosophiae quadripartita (Paris, 1609).Google Scholar
Pera, Marcello and William, R. Shea, Persuading Science: The Art of Scientific Rhetoric (Canton, Mass.: Science History Publications, 1991).Google Scholar
Pereira, BenitoDe communibus omnium rerum naturalium principiis et affectionibus libri quindecem (Rome, 1576).Google Scholar
Pérez-Ramos, AntonioFrancis Bacon’s Idea of Science and the Maker’s Knowledge Tradition (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Pérez-Ramos, , “Bacon’s Legacy,” in The Cambridge Companion to Bacon, ed. Peltonen, Markku (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).Google Scholar
Petty, Sir WilliamPolitical Arithmetick; Or, a discourse concerning the extent and value of lands, people, … & c. (London: Robert Clavel and Henry Mortlock, 1690).Google Scholar
Plett, Heinrich F.English Renaissance Rhetoric and Poetics: A Systematic Bibliography of Primary and Secondary Sources (Symbola et Emblemata, 6) (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1995).Google Scholar
Poinsot, John (John, of St. Thomas), Tractatus de signis: The semiotic of John Poinsot [1632], ed. Deely, John with AustinPowell, Ralph (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985).Google Scholar
Popkin, Richard H.The History of Scepticism from Erasmus to Spinoza, 2nd ed. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979).Google Scholar
Prelli, Gross, “Symposium on the Rhetoric of Science,” Rhetorica: A Journal of the History of Rhetoric, 7, no. 1 (1989).Google Scholar
Prelli, Gross, “The Literary Uses of the Rhetoric of Science,” Studies in the Literary Imagination, 22, no. 1 (1989).Google Scholar
Prelli, L. J.A Rhetoric of Science: Inventing Scientific Discourse (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Prelli, Lawrence J.A Rhetoric of Science: Inventing Scientific Discourse (Columbia: University of South Carolina Press, 1989).Google Scholar
Ramus, PetrusDialectique 1555: Un manifeste de la Pléiade, ed. Nelly, Bruyère (De Pétrarque à Descartes, 61) (Paris: J. Vrin, 1996).Google Scholar
Rebhorn, Wayne A. “Introduction,” in Renaissance Debates on Rhetoric, ed. and trans. Rebhorn, Wayne A. (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Reif, , “The Textbook Tradition in Natural Philosophy, 1600–1650,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 30 (1969).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Renaudot, Eusebius ed., A General Collection of Discourses of the Virtuosi of France (London: Thomas Dring and John Starkey, 1664).Google Scholar
Renaudot, ThéophrasteRecueil general des questions traictees és conferences du Bureau d’Adresse (Paris: G. Loyson, 1655–6).Google Scholar
Rice Henderson, Judith “Valla’s Elegantiae and the Humanist Attack on the Ars dictaminis,” Rhetorica, 19 (2001).Google Scholar
Röd, WolfgangGeometrischer Geist und Naturrecht: Methodengeschichtliche Untersuchungen zur Staatsophilosophie im 17. und 18. Jahrhundert (Munich: Verlag der Bayerischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, 1970).Google Scholar
Rossi, PaoloFrancis Bacon: From Magic to Science, trans. Rabinovitch, Sacha (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1968).Google Scholar
Rummel, ErikaThe Humanist–Scholastic Debate in the Renaissance and Reformation (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1995).Google Scholar
Rupert Hall, A. and Hall, Marie Boas, eds., The Correspondence of Henry Oldenburg, 13 vols. (Madison/London: University of Wisconsin Press/Mansell/Taylor and Francis, 1965–86).Google Scholar
Samuel Howell, Wilber “Res et verba: Words and Things,” ELH: A Journal of English Literary History, 13 (1946).Google Scholar
Sánchez, FranciscoThat Nothing is Known (Qvod nihil scitvr), ed. Limbrick, Elaine, trans. Thomson, Douglas F. S. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Scheiner, ChristophDisquisitiones mathematicae (1614).Google Scholar
Schmidt-Biggemann, Wilhelm “New Structures of Knowledge,” in A History of the University in Europe, gen. ed. Walter, Rüegg (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992–), vol. 2: Universities in Early Modern Europe (1500–1800), ed. Hilde, Ridder-Symoens (1996).Google Scholar
Schmitt, Charles B. “Galileo and the Seventeenth-Century Text-Book Tradition,” in Novità celesti e crisi del sapere: atti del convegno internazionale di studi Galileiani, ed. Galluzzi, Paolo (Florence: Giunti Barbèra, 1984).Google Scholar
Schmitt, Charles B. “Girolamo Borro’s Multae sunt nostrarum ignorationum causae (Ms. Vat. Ross. 1009),” in Philosophy and Humanism: Essays in Honor of Paul Oskar Kristeller, ed. Edward, P. Mahoney (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1976).Google Scholar
Schmitt, Charles B.Cicero Scepticus: A Study of the Influence of the ‘Academica’ in the Renaissance (Archives internationales d’histoire des idées, 52) (The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, 1972).Google Scholar
Schmitt, Charles “Philosophy and Science in Sixteenth-Century Italian Universities,” in The Renaissance: Essays in Interpretation, ed. Chastel, André, Grayson, Cecil, Hall, Marie Boas, Hay, Denys, Kristeller, Paul Oskar, Rubinstein, Nicolai, Schmitt, Charles B., Trinkhaus, Charles, and Ullmann, Walter, (London: Methuen, 1982).Google Scholar
Schuster, John and Richard, R. Yeo, eds., The Politics and Rhetoric of Scientific Method: Historical Studies (Dordrecht: Reidel, 1986).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Seigel, Jerrold E.Rhetoric and Philosophy in Renaissance Humanism: The Union of Eloquence and Wisdom, Petrarch to Valla (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1968).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sepper, Dennis L. “Figuring Things Out: Figurate Problem-Solving in the Early Descartes,” in Descartes’ Natural Philosophy, ed. Gaukroger, Stephen, Schuster, John, and Sutton, John (London: Routledge, 2000).Google Scholar
Serjeantson, R. W. “Herbert of Cherbury Before Deism: The Early Reception of the De veritate,” The Seventeenth Century, 16 (2001).Google Scholar
Serjeantson, R. W. “Testimony and Proof in Early-Modern England,” Studies in History and Philosophy of Science, 30 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Sessions, William A. “Francis Bacon and the Classics: The Discovery of Discovery,” in Francis Bacon’s Legacy of Texts: “The Art of Discovery Grows with Discovery,” ed. Sessions, William A. (New York: AMS, 1990).Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven and Simon, Schaffer, Leviathan and the Air-Pump: Hobbes, Boyle, and the Experimental Life (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1985).Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven “‘A scholar and a gentleman’: The Problematic Identity of the Scientific Practitioner in Early Modern England,” History of Science, 29 (1991).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapin, Steven “‘The Mind Is Its Own Place’: Science and Solitude in Seventeenth-Century England,” Science in Context, 4 (1990).Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven “Cordelia’s Love: Credibility and the Social Studies of Science,” Annual Review of Sociology, 3 (1995).Google Scholar
Shapin, Steven “Pump and Circumstance: Robert Boyle’s Literary Technology,” Social Studies of Science, 14 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapin, StevenA Social History of Truth: Civility and Science in Seventeenth-Century England (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1994).Google Scholar
Shapiro, Barbara J. “The Concept ‘Fact’: Legal Origins and Cultural Diffusion,” Albion, 26 (1994).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Shapiro, Barbara J.A Culture of Fact: England, 1550–1720 (Ithaca, N.Y.: Cornell University Press, 2000).Google Scholar
Shapiro, Barbara J.Probability and Certainty in Seventeenth-Century England: A Study of the Relationships between Natural Science, Religion, History, Law, and Literature (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Shumaker, Wayne ed. and trans., John Dee on Astronomy: Propaedeutica Aphoristica (1558 and 1568), Latin and English (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1978).Google Scholar
Joan Lechner, MarieSister, Renaissance Concepts of the Commonplaces (New York: Pageant, 1962).Google Scholar
Skinner, QuentinReason and Rhetoric in the Philosophy of Hobbes (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1996).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Slawinski, Maurice “Rhetoric and Science/Rhetoric of Science/Rhetoric as Science,” in Science, Culture, and Popular Belief in Renaissance Europe, ed. Pumfrey, Stephen, Rossi, Paolo, and Slawinski, Maurice (Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1991).Google Scholar
Snider, Alvin “Francis Bacon and the Authority of Aphorism,” Prose Studies: History, Theory, Criticism, 11 (1988).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Speroni, SperoneApologia dei dialoghi (1574–5).Google Scholar
Sprat’s, ThomasHistory of the Royal-Society (1667).
Sprat, ThomasObservations on Monsieur de Sorbier’s Voyage into England (London: John Martyn and James Allestry, 1668).Google Scholar
Sprat, ThomasThe History of the Royal-Society of London (London: J. Martyn and J. Allestry, 1667; facsimile repr. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958).Google Scholar
Stephens, James “Rhetorical Problems in Renaissance Science,” Philosophy and Rhetoric, 8 (1975).Google Scholar
Stephens, James “Science and the Aphorism: Bacon’s Theory of the Philosophical Style,” Speech Monographs, 37 (1970).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Stephens, JamesFrancis Bacon and the Style of Science (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1975).Google Scholar
Stillman, Robert E. “Assessing the Revolution: Ideology, Language and Rhetoric in the New Philosophy of Early Modern England,” The Eighteenth Century: Theory and Interpretation, 35 (1994).Google Scholar
Struever, Nancy “Lionardo Di Capoa’s Parere (1681), A Legal Opinion on the Use of Aristotle in Medicine,” in Philosophy in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries: Conversations with Aristotle, ed. Kusukawa, Sachiko and Blackwell, Constance (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1999).Google Scholar
Sumida Joy, LynnGassendi the Atomist: Advocate of History in an Age of Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Targioni Tozzetti, Giovanni, Atti e memorie inedite dell’Accademia del Cimento, 3 vols. (Florence, 1780).Google Scholar
Tillman, James S. “Bacon’s ethos: The Modest Philosopher,” Renaissance Papers, (1976).Google Scholar
Timmermans, Benoît “The Originality of Descartes’s Conception of Analysis as Discovery,” Journal of the History of Ideas, 60 (1999).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Trinkhaus, Charles “The Question of Truth in Renaissance Rhetoric and Anthropology,” in Renaissance Eloquence: Studies in the Theory and Practice of Renaissance Rhetoric, ed. Murphy, James J. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983).Google Scholar
Tuck, Richard “The ‘modern’ Theory of Natural Law,” in The Languages of Political Theory in Early-Modern Europe, ed. Pagden, Anthony (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1987).Google Scholar
Valla, LorenzoLaurentii Valle repastinatio dialectice et philosophie, ed. Gianni, Zippel, 2 vols. (Padua: Antenore, 1982).Google Scholar
van Nouhuys, TabittaThe Age of Two-Faced Janus: The Comets of 1577 and 1618 and the Decline of the Aristotelian World View in the Netherlands (Brill’s Studies in Intellectual History, 89) (Leiden: E. J. Brill, 1998).Google Scholar
Vasoli, Cesare “L’analogia universale: La retorica come semiotica nell’opera del Della Porta,” in Giovan Battista della Porta nell’Europa del suo tempo (Naples: Guida Editori, 1990).Google Scholar
Vasoli, CesareLa dialectica e la retorica dell’umanesimo: “Invenzione” e “metodo” nella cultura del XV e XVI secolo (Milan: Feltrinelli, 1968).Google Scholar
Vermeulen, Ben “Simon Stevin and the Geometrical method in De jure praedae,” Grotiana, n.s. 4 (1983).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vickers, Brian “Epideictic Rhetoric in Galileo’s Dialogo,” Annali dell’Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza di Firenze, 8 (1983).Google Scholar
Vickers, Brian “Rhetorical and Anti-rhetorical Tropes: On Writing the History of elocutio,” Comparative Criticism, 3 (1981).Google Scholar
Vickers, Brian “The Royal Society and English Prose Style: A Reassessment,” in Rhetoric and the Pursuit of Truth: Language Change in the Seventeenth and Eighteenth Centuries, ed. Vickers, Brian and Struever, Nancy (Los Angeles: William Andrews Clark Memorial Library, 1985).Google Scholar
Vickers, BrianIn Defence of Rhetoric, rev. ed. (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Vickers, , “The Royal Society and English Prose Style” Werner Hüllen, “Style and Utopia: Sprat’s Demand for a Plain Style, Reconsidered,” in Papers in the History of Linguistics, ed. Aarsleff, Hans, Kelly, Louis G., and Niederehe, Hans-Josef (Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 1987).Google Scholar
Völkel, Markus “Pyrrhonismus historicus” und “fides historica”: Die Entwicklung der deutschen historischen Methodologie unter dem Gesichtspunkt der historischen Skepsis (Europäische Hochschulschriften, Reihe 3: Geschichte und ihre Hilfswissenschaften, 313) (Frankfurt am Main: Peter Lang, 1987).Google Scholar
Wallace, William A. “Traditional Natural Philosophy,” in The Cambridge History of Renaissance Philosophy, ed. Charles, B. Schmitt, Quentin, Skinner, and Eckhard, Kessler, with Jill, Kraye (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988).Google Scholar
Wallace, William A.Galileo and his Sources: The Heritage of the Collegio Romano in Galileo’s Science (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ward, Seth, Vindiciae academiarum (Oxford: Thomas Robinson, 1654; facsimile repr. in Debus, Science and Education).Google Scholar
Webster, Charles ed., Samuel Hartlib and the Advancement of Learning (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1970).Google Scholar
Webster, JohnAcademiarum examen (London: Giles Calvert, 1654.Google Scholar
Westman, Robert S. “Proof, Poetics, and Patronage: Copernicus’ Preface to De revolutionibus,” in Reappraisals of the Scientific Revolution, ed. David, C. Lindberg and Robert, S. Westman (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990).Google Scholar
Westman, Robert S. “The Astronomer’s Role in the Sixteenth Century: A Preliminary Study,” History of Science, 18 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wiley, Margaret L. “Francis Bacon: Induction and/or Rhetoric,” Studies in the Literary Imagination, 4 (1971).Google Scholar
Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried “Dialogue on the connection between things and words [1677],” in Selections, ed. Philip, P. Wiener (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1951).Google Scholar
Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried “Discours touchant la méthode de la certitude et l’art d’inventer,” in Philosophische Schriften, ed. Gerhardt, Carl Immanuel, 7 vols. (Berlin: Weidman, 1875–90).Google Scholar
Wilhelm Leibniz, Gottfried “Projet et Essais pour arriver à quelque certitude pour finir une bonne partie des disputes et pour advancer l’ art de inventer,” in Opuscules et fragments inédits de Leibniz, ed. Couturat, Louis (Paris: Presses universitaires de France, 1903).Google Scholar
Wintroub, Michael “The Looking Glass of Facts: Collecting, Rhetoric and Citing the Self in the Experimental Natural Philosophy of Robert Boyle,” History of Science, 35 (1997).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Witt, Ronald “Medieval ars dictaminis and the Beginnings of Humanism: A New Construction of the Problem,” Renaissance Quarterly, 35 (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Wood, Paul B. “Methodology and Apologetics: Thomas Sprat’s History of the Royal Society,” British Journal for the History of Science, 13 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Zabarella, Jacopo “De natura logica,” in Opera logica (Basel: Conrad Waldkirchius, 1594).Google Scholar
Zabarella, JacopoDe methodis libri quattuor. Liber de regressu, ed. Vasoli, Cesare (Bologna: Cooperativa Libraria Universitaria Editrice Bologna, 1985).Google Scholar
Zappen, James P. “Science and Rhetoric from Bacon to Hobbes: Responses to the Problem of Eloquence,” in Rhetoric 78, Proceedings of the Theory of Rhetoric: An Interdisciplinary Conference, ed. Brown, Robert Jr. and Steinman, Martin Jr. (Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Center for Advanced Studies in Language, Style, and Literary Theory, 1979).Google Scholar
Zappen, , “Francis Bacon and the Historiography of Scientific Rhetoric,” Rhetoric Review, 8 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×