Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-30T17:23:35.517Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

8 - Structuralist and poststructuralist psychoanalytic and Marxist theories

from STRUCTURALISM: ITS RISE, INFLUENCE AND AFTERMATH

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  28 March 2008

Celia Britton
Affiliation:
University of Aberdeen
Get access

Summary

One of the more evident manifestations of the transition from structuralism to poststructuralism is the process whereby a fairly unified methodology has dispersed into a plurality of theoretical approaches. Within this diversity Marxism and psychoanalysis are, along with deconstructionism, the two most important strands. Both are concerned to challenge the idealist conception of the subject – i.e., the subject as centred in itself, essentially conscious and ‘free’ in the sense that it pre-exists social or other determinations. Structuralism itself of course also rejects such a conception of the subject, and in its insistence on the determining role of language-like structures provides a basis for a materialist theory of subjectivity. But the Saussurean view of the sign in practice reinstates a different form of idealism, as Coward and Ellis argue in their Language and Materialism; a genuinely materialist account of the subject has to break out of the confines of a ‘pure’ linguistics-based structuralism, and the Marxist and psychoanalytic perspectives are above all ways of doing this. Conversely, however, structuralism has undoubtedly forced Marxism and psychoanalysis to rethink some of their basic tenets in a rigorous and productive way; as Robert Young puts it in his introduction to Untying the Text, poststructuralism would not have been possible without structuralism. Specifically, the theoretical developments that Lacan has introduced into psychoanalysis and Althusser into Marxism are both heavily influenced by, and extremely critical of, structuralism. Lacan and Althusser are the principal figures in question here, and both develop an anti-humanist conception of the subject determined by the unconscious and/or by ideology. These issues go far beyond the practice of literary criticism, but they have opened up a new kind of access to the literary text, and generated a substantial body of critical readings.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 1995

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Althusser, Louis, ‘Cremonini, painter of the abstract’, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays.
Althusser, Louis, ‘Freud et Lacan’ in Positions (Paris, 1976); ‘Freud and Lacan’, trans. Brewster, Ben, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays.Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis, ‘Idéologic et appareils idéologiques d'Etat’, (1970), in Positions (Paris, 1976); ‘Ideology and ideological state apparatuses’, trans. Brewster, Ben, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays (London, 1971).Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis, ‘Letter on Art’, in Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays.
Althusser, Louis, Pour Marx (Paris, 1966); For Marx, trans. Brewster, Ben (London, 1969)Google Scholar
Althusser, Louis, and Balibar, Etienne, Lire le Capital (Paris, 1968); Reading Capital, trans. Brewster, Ben (London, 1970).Google Scholar
Bal, MiekePsychopoetics – theory’, Poetics, 13 (1984).Google Scholar
Bal, Mieke (ed.) Poetics, 13 (1984).CrossRef
Balibar, Reńee, and Laporte, Dominique, Le Français national: politique et practique de la language nationale sur la Révolution (Paris, 1974).Google Scholar
Balibar, Renee, ‘An example of literary work in France: Georges Sand's “La Mare au diable'V “The Devil's Pool” of 1846’, in 1848: The Sociology of Literature, ed. Barker, Francis et al. (Colchester, 1978).Google Scholar
Balibar, Renee, ‘National language, education, literature’, in Literature, Politics and Theory, ed. Barker, Francis et al. (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Balibar, Renee, Les Français fictifs: le rapport des styles littéraires au franqais national (Paris, 1974).Google Scholar
Balibar, Renee, LTnstitution de francais (Paris, 1985).Google Scholar
Barker, Francis1848: The Sociology of Literature (Colchester, 1978).Google Scholar
Barker, FrancisLiterature, Politics and Theory (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Barker, FrancisThe Politics of Theory (Colchester, 1983).Google Scholar
Barker, Francis, ‘Althusser and art’, Red Letters, 4 (1977).Google Scholar
Barker, Francis, Solzhenitsyn: Politics and Form (London, 1977).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barker, Francis et al. (eds.), Literature, Society, and the Sociology of Literature (Colchester, 1977).Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland, ‘Introduction à l'analyse structurale des récits’, Communications, 8 (1966).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barthes, Roland, Fragments d'un discours amoureux (Paris, 1977); A Lover's Discourse. Fragments, trans. Howard, Richard (New York, 1978; London, 1979).Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland, Le Plaisir du texte (Paris, 1973); The Pleasure of the Text, trans. Miller, Richard (London, 1976).Google Scholar
Barthes, Roland, S/Z (Paris, 1970); trans. Miller, Richard (London, 1975).Google Scholar
Batsleer, Janet, Davis, Tony, O'Rourke, Rebecca and Weedon, Chris, Rewriting English: Cultural Politics of Gender and Class (London, 1985).Google Scholar
Baudry, Jean-Louis, ‘Linguistique et production textuelle’, in Tel Quel: Th´orie d'ensemble (Paris, 1968).Google Scholar
Belsey, Catherine, ‘The Romantic construction of the unconscious’, Literature, Politics, and Theory, ed. Barker, Francis et al. (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Belsey, Catherine, Critical Practice (London, 1980).Google Scholar
Belsey, Catherine, The Subject of Tragedy: Identity and Difference in Renaissance Drama (London, 1985).Google Scholar
Bennett, Tony, Formalism and Marxism (London, 1979).Google Scholar
Benton, Ted, The Rise and Fall of Structural Marxism (London, 1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Benveniste, Emile, Problèmes de linguistique générale (2 vols.) vol. I, (Paris, 1966), vol. 2, (Paris, 1974); Problems in General Linguistics, trans. Meek, Mary E. (Coral Gables, 1971).Google Scholar
Benveniste, Emile, Problèmes de linguistique générate (Paris, 1966).Google Scholar
Benvenuto, Bice, and Kennedy, Roger, The Works of Jacques Lacan (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Bonaparte, Marie, Life and Works of Edgar Allen Poe, trans. Rodker, J. (London, 1940).Google Scholar
Bouché, C., ‘Materialist literary theory in France, 1965–75’, Praxis, 5 (1981).Google Scholar
Bowie, Malcolm, Freud, Proust and Lacan (Cambridge, 1987).Google Scholar
Brenkman, John, ‘The Other and the One: Psychoanalysis, reading, the Sympo sium’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977).Google Scholar
Britton, Celia, ‘The nouveau roman and Tel Quel Marxism’, Paragraph, 12 (1989).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Britton, Celia, Claude Simon: Writing the Visible (Cambridge, 1987).Google Scholar
Burniston, S. and Weedon, C., ‘Ideology, subjectivity and the artistic text’, in Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, On Ideology (London, 1978).Google Scholar
Carroll, David, The Subject in Question (Chicago, 1982).Google Scholar
,Centre for Contemporary Cultural Studies, On Ideology (London, 1978) (Working Papers in Cultural Studies, 10).
Clément, Catherine, Miroirs du sujet (Paris, 1975).Google Scholar
Clément, Catherine, Vies et légendes de Jacques Lacan (Paris, 1981).Google Scholar
Con Davis, RobertLacan, Poe, and narrative repression’, Modern Language Notes, 98 (1983).Google Scholar
Con Davis, RobertIntroduction: Lacan and narration’, Modern Language Notes, 98 (1983).Google Scholar
Con Davis, Robert (ed.), The Fictional Father: Lacanian Readings of the Text (Massachusetts, 1981).Google Scholar
Con Davis, Robert (ed.), Special issue: ‘Lacan and narration’, Modern Language Notes, 98 (1983).Google Scholar
Coward, Rosalind and Ellis, John, Language and Materialism: Developments in Semiology and the Theory of the Subject (London, 1977).Google Scholar
Davies, T., ‘Education, ideology, and literature’, Red Letters, 7 (1978).Google Scholar
Delay, Jean, La Jeunesse d André Gide (Paris, 1956).Google Scholar
Derrida, Jacques, ‘The purveyor of truth’, Yale French Studies 52 (1975).Google Scholar
Durand, Régis, ‘On aphanisis: a note on the dramaturgy of the subject in narrative analysis’, Modern Language Notes, 98 (1983).Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry, ‘Ecriture and 18th century fiction’, in Barker, F. et al. (eds.), Literature, Society and the Sociology of Literature (Colchester, 1977).Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry, ‘Tennyson: politics and society in “The Princess” and “In Memorian”’, in Barker, F. et al. (eds.), 1848: The Sociology of Literature (Colchester, 1978).Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry, Criticism and Ideology: A Study in Marxist Literary Theory (London, 1976).Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry, Literary Theory (London, 1983).Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry, Marxism and Literary Criticism (London, 1976).Google Scholar
Eagleton, Terry, Myths of Power: A Marxist Study of the Brontes (London, 1975).Google Scholar
Elliott, Gregory, Althussim: The Detour of Theory (London, 1987).Google Scholar
Ellmann, Maud, ‘Disremembering Dedalus: “A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man’”, in Young, R. (ed.), Untying the Text: A Post–Structuralist Reader (London, 1981).Google Scholar
Felman, Shoshana, ‘On reading poetry: reflections on the limits and possibilities of psychoanalytic approaches’, in Psychiatry and the Humanities vol. 4: ‘The literary Freud: mechanisms of defense and the poetic will’, ed. Smith, Joseph H. (New Haven, 1980).Google Scholar
Felman, Shoshana, ‘To open the question’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977).Google Scholar
Felman, Shoshana, ‘Turning the screw of interpretation’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977).Google Scholar
Felman, Shoshana, Jacques Lacan and the Adventure of Insight: Psychoanalysis in Contemporary Culture., (Cambridge, MA, 1987)Google Scholar
Felman, Shoshana, La Folie et la chose littéraire (Paris, 1978)Google Scholar
Flower MacCannell, Juliet, ‘Oedipus Wrecks: Lacan, Stendhal, and the narrative form of the real’, Modern Language Notes, 98 (1983).Google Scholar
Flower MacCannell, Juliet, Figuring Lacan (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Forrester, John, ‘Psychoanalysis or literature?’, French Studies, 35 (1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, John, Language and the Origins of Psychoanalysis (New York, 1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Forrester, John, The seductions of psychoanalysis: Freud, Lacan … Derrida, (Cambridge, 1981).Google Scholar
Fragments d'un discours amoureux (1977); A Lover's Discourse: Fragments, trans. Howard, Richard (New York, 1978).Google Scholar
Gallop, Jane, ‘Lacan and Literature: a case for transference’, Poetics 13 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Gallop, Jane, Feminism and Psychoanalysis: The Daughter's Seduction (London, 1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Goux, Jean–Joseph, ‘Marx et l'inscription du travail’, in Tel Quel: Théorie d'ensemble (Paris, 1968).Google Scholar
Gunn, Daniel, Psychoanalysis and Fiction (Cambridge, 1988).Google Scholar
Hall, Stuart, ‘Culture, the media and the “ideology effect”’, in Curran, J., Gurevitch, M. and Woollacott, J. (eds.), Mass Communication and Society (London, 1977)Google Scholar
Hartmann, Geoffrey (ed.), Psychoanalysis and the Question of the Text (Baltimore, 1979)Google Scholar
Heath, Stephen, ‘Difference’, Screen, 19, no. 3 (1978).Google Scholar
Heath, Stephen, Questions of Cinema (London, 1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Heath, Stephen, The Nouveau Roman (London, 1972).Google Scholar
Hirst, Paul, ‘Althusser and the theory of ideology’, Economy and Society, 4 (1976).Google Scholar
Jakobson, Roman, ‘Two aspects of language and two types of aphasic disturbance’ (1956), reprinted in Jakobson: Studies in Child Language and Aphasia, Janua Linguarum, (The Hague, 1971).Google Scholar
Jakubinsky, Lev, ‘Skoplenie odinakovych plavnych v prakticeskom i poeticeskom jazykach’, ibid., II (Petersburg, 1917).Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric, ‘Imaginary and Symbolic in Lacan: Marxism, psychoanalytic criticism and the problem of the subject’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977).Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric, ‘Religion and ideology: a political reading of Paradise Lost’, in Barker, F. et al. (eds.), Literature, Politics and Theory (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Jameson, Fredric, The Political Unconscious: Narrative as a Socially Symbolic Act (London, 1981).Google Scholar
Johnson, Barbara, The Critical Difference: Essays in the Contemporary Rhetoric of Reading (Baltimore, Maryland, 1980).Google Scholar
Johnson, Barbara, The Critical Difference (Baltimore, 1980).Google Scholar
Johnson, Pauline, Marxist Aesthetics (London, 1984).Google Scholar
Kavanagh, James H., ‘Marxism's Althusser: towards a politics of literary theory’, Diacritics, 12, (1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kristeva, Julia, ‘La Sémiologie: science critique ou critique de la science’, in Tel Quel Théorie d'ensemble (Paris, 1968); ‘Semiotics: a critical science and/or a critique of science’, trans. Hand, Sean, in Moi, Toril (ed.), The Kristeva Reader.Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia, ‘Pratique signifiante et mode de production’, in La Traversée des signes (Paris, 1975); ‘Signifying practice and mode of production’, trans. Nowell-Smith, Geoffrey, Edinburgh ‘76 Magazine, 1 (1976).Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia, ‘The system and the speaking subject’ (1973), reprinted in The Kristeva Reader.Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia, Desire in Language: A Semiotic Approach to Literature and Art, ed. Roudiez, Leon (New York, 1980).Google Scholar
Kristeva, Julia, La Révolution du langage poeiique (Paris, 1974). Parts of this have been translated by Waller, Margaret as ‘Revolution in poetic language’ in The Kristeva Reader.Google Scholar
Krutch, J. W., Edgar Allen Poe: A Study in Genius (New York, 1926).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, ‘Desire and the interpretation of desire in Hamlet’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977). Trans, by Hulbert, James.Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, ‘Hommage fait à Marguerite Duras’, 1965, reprinted in Marguerite Duras, ed. Barat, Francois and Farges, Joël (Paris, 1979).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Ecrits (Paris, 1966). Parts of this have been translated by Alan Sheridan as Ecrits: A Selection, (London, 1977).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Ecrits (Paris, 1966); Ecrits: A Selection, trans. Sheridan, Alan (London, 1977).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Le Séminaire de Jacques Lacan–texte établi par Jacques–Alain Miller: Livre 11: Les Quatre concepts fondamentaux de la psychanalyse (Paris, 1973); The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psychoanalysis, trans. Sheridan, Alan (London, 1977).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Le Séminaire de Jacques Lacan–texte établi par Jacques–Alain Miller: Livre 1: Les écrits techniques de Freud 1953–4 (Paris, 1975); Freud's Papers on Technique 1953–4, trans. Forrester, John and Tomaselli, Sylvana (Cambridge, 1988).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Le Séminaire de Jacques Lacan–texte établi par Jacques–Alain Miller: Livre 20: Encore (Paris, 1975).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Le Séminaire de Jacques Lacan–texte établi par Jacques–Alain Miller: Livre 2: Le moi dans la théorie de Freud et dans la technique de la psychanalyse (Paris, 1978); The Ego in Freud's Theory and in the Technique of Psychoanalysis 1954–5, trans. Forrester, John and Tomaselli, Sylvana (Cambridge, 1988).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Le Séminaire de Jacques Lacan–texte établi par Jacques–Alain Miller: Livre 3: Les Psychoses (Paris, 1981).Google Scholar
Lacan, Jacques, Le Séminaire de Jacques Lacan–texte établi par Jacques–Alain Miller: Livre 7: L'Ethique de la psychanalyse (Paris, 1986).Google Scholar
Lacoue–Labarthe, Philippe, and Nancy, Jean–Luc, Le Titre de la lettre (une Lecture de Lacan) (Paris, 1990).Google Scholar
Laplanche, J.Vie et mort enpsychanalyse (Paris, 1970), Life and Death in Psychoanalysis, trans. Mehlman, J. (Baltimore and London, 1979).Google Scholar
Le Galliot, Jean et al., Psychanalyse et langages littéraires (Paris, 1977).Google Scholar
Lemaire, Anika, Jacques Lacan (Brussels, 1977); trans. Macey, David (London, 1977).Google Scholar
Lewis, Phillip, ‘Revolutionary semiotics’, Diacritics, 10 (1978).Google Scholar
Lovell, Terry, ‘Jane Austen and gentry society’, in Barker, F. et al. (eds.), Literature, Society and the Sociology of Literature (Colchester, 1977).Google Scholar
Lovell, Terry, ‘The social relations of cultural production: absent centre of a new discourse’, in One–Dimensional Marxism, ed. Clarke, Simon, (London, 1980).Google Scholar
MacCabe, Colin, ‘On discourse’, in The Talking Cure, ed. MacCabe, Colin (London, 1981).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
MacCabe, Colin, James Joyce and the Revolution of the Word (London, 1978).Google Scholar
Macherey, Pierre, ‘An Interview with Pierre Macherey’, trans, and ed. Mercer, Colin and Radford, Jean, Red Letters, 5 (1977).Google Scholar
Macherey, Pierre, ‘Problems of reflection’ in Barker, Francis et al. (eds.), Literature, Society and the Sociology of Literature (Colchester, 1977).Google Scholar
Macherey, Pierre, Pour une theorie de la production litteraire (Paris, 1966); A Theory of Literary Production, trans. Wall, Geoffrey (London, 1978).Google Scholar
Macherey, Pierre, and Balibar, Etienne, ‘Sur la littérature comme forme idéologique’, Littérature, 13 (1974); reprinted as preface to Balibar, R., Les Francais fictifs (Paris, 1974); ‘On Literature as an ideological form; trans. McLeod, I., Whitehead, J. and Wordsworth, A., in Young, Robert (ed.), Untying the Text.Google Scholar
Mannoni, Maud, La Th7eacute;orie comme fiction (Paris, 1979).Google Scholar
Mèhlman, Jeffrey, ‘Trimethylamin: notes on Freud's specimen dream’, in Young, R. (ed.), Untying the Text: A Post–Structuralist Reader (London, 1981).Google Scholar
Mehlman, Jeffrey, A Structural Study of Autobiography (Ithaca, 1974).Google Scholar
Mercer, Colin, ‘Baudelaire and the City: 1848 and the inscription of Hegemony’, in Barker, F. et al. (eds), Literature, Politics and Theory (London, 1986).Google Scholar
Metz, Christian, Le Signifiant imaginaire (Paris, 1977); Psychoanalysis and Cinema: The Imaginary Signifier (London, 1982).Google Scholar
Mitchell, Juliet, and Rose, Jacqueline: ‘Introduction’, Feminine Sexuality, ed. Mitchell, and Rose, (London, 1982).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Moi, Toril, Sexual/Textual Politics: Feminist Literary Theory (London, 1985).Google Scholar
Moi, Toril (ed.), The Kristeva Reader (Oxford, 1986).Google Scholar
Montrelay, Michèle, ‘Inquiry into femininity’, trans. Adams, Parveen, m/f 1 (1978).Google Scholar
Montrelay, Michèle, L'Ombre et le nom (Paris, 1977).Google Scholar
Mulhern, Francis, ‘Ideology and literary form—a comment’, New Left Review, 91 (1975).Google Scholar
Mulhern, Francis, ‘Marxism in literary criticism’, New Left Review, 108 (1978).Google Scholar
Muller, John and Richardson, William: Lacan and Language (New York, 1982).Google Scholar
Muller, John, ‘Psychosis and mourning in Lacan's Hamlet’, New Literary History, 12 (1980).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pêcheux, Michel, Les Vérités de la Palice (Paris, 1975); Language, Semantics and Ideology: Stating the Obvious, trans. Nagpal, Harbans (London, 1982).Google Scholar
Ragland Sullivan, Ellie, ‘The magnetism between reader and text: prolegomena to a Lacanian poetics’, Poetics, 13 (1984).CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Ragland Sullivan, Ellie, Jacques Lacan and the Question of Psychoanalysis (Illinois, 1986).Google Scholar
Rey, Jean–Michel, ‘Freud's writing on writing’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977).Google Scholar
Ricardou, Jean, Pour une théorie du nouveau roman (Paris, 1971). Le nouveau roman (Paris, 1973).Google Scholar
Selden, Raman, Criticism and Objectivity (London, 1984).Google Scholar
Sollers, Philippe, ‘Ecriture et éevolution’, in Tel Quel: Théorie d'ensemble (Paris, 1968).Google Scholar
Spivak, Gayatri, ‘The letter as cutting edge’, Yale French Studies, 55/56 (1977), 208–26.Google Scholar
Stanton, Martin, Lacan and French Styles of Psychoanalysis (London, 1983).Google Scholar
Stone, Jennifer: ‘The horrors of power: a critique of Kristeva’, in The Politics of Theory, ed. Barker, F. et al. (Colchester, 1983).Google Scholar
Tanner, Tony, Adultery in the Novel: Contract and Transgression (Baltimore, 1979).Google Scholar
Tanner, Tony, Tel Quel, Théorie d'ensemble (Paris, 1968).Google Scholar
Turkle, Sherry, Psychoanalytical Politics: Freud's French Revolution (London, 1978).Google Scholar
Wilson, Edmund, ‘The ambiguity of Henry James’, in The Triple Thinkers (Harmondsworth, 1962).Google Scholar
Wordsworth, Ann, ‘Lacanalysis: Lacan for critics’, Oxford Literary Review, 2 (1978).Google Scholar
Wright, Elizabeth, Psychoanalytic Criticism: Theory in Practice (London, 1984).Google Scholar
Young, Robert (ed.), Untying the Text: A Post–Structuralist Reader (London, 1981).Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×