Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-gbm5v Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-27T14:31:06.755Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

Part IV - Child Factors that Impact Parenting

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  01 December 2022

Amanda Sheffield Morris
Affiliation:
Oklahoma State University
Julia Mendez Smith
Affiliation:
University of North Carolina, Greensboro
Get access

Summary

Image of the first page of this content. For PDF version, please use the ‘Save PDF’ preceeding this image.'
Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2022

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

References

American Psychiatric Association. (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (DSM-5®). American Psychiatric Pub.Google Scholar
Arbona-Pedersen, A. L., Crnic, K. A., Baker, B. L., & Blacher, J. (2015). Reconceptualizing family adaptation to developmental delay. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 120, 346370.Google Scholar
Ashori, M., Norouzi, G., & Jalil-Abkenar, S. (2019). The effect of positive parenting program on mental health in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 23, 385396. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629518824899CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Bagner, D. M. & Eyberg, S. M. (2007). Parent-child interaction therapy for disruptive behavior in children with mental retardation: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 36, 418429. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701448448Google Scholar
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K. A., & Edelbrock, C. (2002). Behavior problems and parenting stress in families of three-year-old children with and without developmental delays. American Journal of Mental Retardation: AJMR, 107, 433444.Google Scholar
Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., Kopp, C. B., & Kraemer, B. (1997). Parenting children with mental retardation.Google Scholar
Baker, B. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., Crnic, K., Edelbrock, C., & Low, C. (2003). Pre-school children with and without developmental delay: Behaviour problems and parenting stress over time. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR, 47, 217230.Google Scholar
Baker, B. L., Neece, C. L., Fenning, R. M., Crnic, K. A., & Blacher, J. (2010). Mental disorders in five-year-old children with or without developmental delay: Focus on ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology: The Official Journal for the Society of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, American Psychological Association, Division 53, 39, 492505. https://doi.org//10.1080/15374416.2010.486321CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Barak-Levy, Y. & Atzaba-Poria, N. (2015). The effects of familial risk and parental resolution on parenting a child with mild intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 47, 106116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2015.09.008Google Scholar
Barber, J. G., Delfabbro, P. H., & Cooper, L. L. (2001). The predictors of unsuccessful transition to foster care. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 42, 785790. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00775Google Scholar
Bates, J. E., McQuillan, M. E., & Hoyniak, C. P. (2019). Parenting and temperament. Handbook of Parenting, 3rd ed. Routledge.Google Scholar
Belsky, J. & Jaffee, S. R. (2006). The multiple determinants of parenting. In Cicchetti, D, & Cohen, D. J (Eds.) Developmental psychopathology: Risk, disorder, and adaptation (vol. 3, 2nd ed.) (pp. 3885) John Wiley & Sons Inc.Google Scholar
Blacher, J. & Baker, B. L. (2002). The best of AAMR. Families and mental retardation: A collection of notable AAMR journal articles across the 20th century. American Association on Mental Retardation.Google Scholar
Blacher, J., Glidden, L. M., & Hastings, R. (2010). Families research – No longer monochromatic. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 23, 12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3148.2009.00552.xGoogle Scholar
Boström, P. K. & Broberg, M. (2014). Openness and avoidance – A longitudinal study of fathers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58, 810821. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12093CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Boström, P. K., Broberg, M., & Bodin, L. (2011). Child’s positive and negative impacts on parents A – person-oriented approach to understanding temperament in preschool children with intellectual disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 18601871. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2011.03.017Google Scholar
Boström, P. K., Broberg, M., & Hwang, P. (2010). Parents’ descriptions and experiences of young children recently diagnosed with intellectual disability. Child: Care, Health and Development, 36, 93100. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2009.01036.xGoogle Scholar
Bourke-Taylor, H., Howie, L., & Law, M. (2010). Impact of caring for a school-aged child with a disability: Understanding mothers’ perspectives. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 57, 127136. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1630.2009.00817.xGoogle Scholar
Boyd, M. J., Iacono, T., & McDonald, R. (2019). The perceptions of fathers about parenting a child with developmental disability: A scoping review. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 16, 312324. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12287Google Scholar
Bryant, D. M. & Ramey, C. T. (1984). Prevention-oriented infant education programs. Journal of Children in Contemporary Society, 17, 1735.Google Scholar
Burack, J. A., Russo, N., Green, C. G., Landry, O., & Iarocci, G. (2016). Developments in the developmental approach to intellectual disability. In Cicchetti, D (Ed.) Developmental psychopathology: Maladaptation and psychopathology (vol. 3, 3rd ed.) (pp. 167) John Wiley & Sons, Inc.Google Scholar
Burke, M. M. & Hodapp, R. M. (2014). Relating stress of mothers of children with developmental disabilities to family- school partnerships. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52, 1323. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-52.1.13Google Scholar
Burge, P., Burke, N., Meiklejohn, E., & Groll, D. (2016). Making choices: Adoption seekers’ preferences and available children with special needs. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 10, 120. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2015.1065781Google Scholar
Burge, P. & Jamieson, M. (2009). Gaining balance: Toward a grounded theory of the decision-making processes of applicants for adoption of children with and without disabilities. Qualitative Report, 14, 566603.Google Scholar
Byers, E., Valliere, F. R., Houtrow, A. J., & National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. (2018). Conceptualizing Childhood Disability. In Opportunities for Improving Programs and Services for Children with Disabilities. National Academies Press (US).Google Scholar
Cabrera, N. J. & Volling, B. L. (2019). Advancing research and measurement on fathering and child development. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 84, 1117.Google Scholar
Chan, T. O. & Lam, S. (2017). Mediator or moderator? The role of mindfulness in the association between child behavior problems and parental stress. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 70, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.08.007CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Conway, P., Boeckel, J., Shuster, L., & Wages, J. (2010). Grandparent caregivers’ use of resources and services, level of burden, and factors that mediate their relationships. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 8, 128144. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350771003741931Google Scholar
Crnic, K., Arbona, A. P. Y., Baker, B., & Blacher, J. (2009). Mothers and fathers together: Contrasts in parenting across preschool to early school age in children with developmental delays. International Review of Research in Mental Retardation, 37, 330.Google Scholar
Crnic, K. A. & Coburn, S. S. (2019). Stress and parenting. In Bornstein, M. H., (Ed.), Handbook of Parenting, 3e (pp. 421448). RoutledgeGoogle Scholar
Crnic, K. A., Friedrich, W. N., & Greenberg, M. T. (1983). Adaptation of families with mentally retarded children: A model of stress, coping, and family ecology. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 88, 125138.Google Scholar
Crnic, K. & Neece, C. (2015). Socioemotional consequences of illness and disability. In Lamb, M. E, & Lerner, R. M (Eds.), 7th ed.; handbook of child psychology and developmental science: Socioemotional processes (vol. 3, 7th ed.) (pp. 287323) John Wiley & Sons Inc. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781118963418.childpsy308Google Scholar
Crnic, K. A., Neece, C. L., McIntyre, L. L., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2017). Intellectual disability and developmental risk: Promoting intervention to improve child and family well‐being. Child Development, 88, 436445. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12740Google Scholar
Davys, D., Mitchell, D., & Martin, R. (2017). Fathers of people with intellectual disability: A review of the literature. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 21, 175196. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629516650129Google Scholar
Donenberg, G. & Baker, B. L. (1993). The impact of young children with externalizing behaviors on their families. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 21, 179198.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Einfeld, S. L., Ellis, L. A., & Emerson, E. (2011). Comorbidity of intellectual disability and mental disorder in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Journal of Intellectual and Developmental Disability, 36, 137143.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ellingsen, R., Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Crnic, K. (2014a). Resilient parenting of preschool children at developmental risk. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58, 664678. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12063Google Scholar
Ellingsen, R., Baker, B. L., Blacher, J., & Crnic, K. (2014b). Resilient parenting of children at developmental risk across middle childhood. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 35, 13641374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.016Google Scholar
Emerson, E. & Einfeld, S. (2010). Emotional and behavioural difficulties in young children with and without developmental delay: A bi-national perspective. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, 51, 583593. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02179.xGoogle Scholar
Emerson, E., Einfeld, S., & Stancliffe, R. J. (2010). The mental health of young children with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 45, 579587. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-009-0100-yGoogle Scholar
Erickson, M. T. (1968). MMPI comparisons between parents of young emotionally disturbed children and mentally retarded children. Journal of Consulting Clinical Psychology, 32, 701706.Google Scholar
Erickson Warfield, M., Hauser-Cram, P., Wyngaarden Krauss, M., Shonkoff, J. P., & Upshur, C. C. (2000). The effect of early intervention services on maternal well-being. Early Education and Development, 11, 499517.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Farber, B. (1959). Family adaptations to severely mentally retarded on family integration. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, No. 71.Google Scholar
Feinberg, M. E. (2003). The internal structure and ecological context of coparenting: A framework for research and intervention. Parenting: Science and Practice, 3, 95131. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327922PAR0302_01Google Scholar
Feldman, R. & Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. (2017). Oxytocin: A parenting hormone. Current Opinion in Psychology, 15, 1318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2017.02.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Feldman, R., Gordon, I., Influs, M., Gutbir, T., & Ebstein, R. P. (2013). Parental oxytocin and early caregiving jointly shape children’s oxytocin response and social reciprocity. Neuropsychopharmacology: Official Publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology, 3, 11541162. https://doi.org/10.1038/npp.2013.22Google Scholar
Feldman, R., Gordon, I., & Zagoory-Sharon, O. (2010). The cross-generation transmission of oxytocin in humans. Hormones and Behavior, 58, 669676. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2010.06.005Google Scholar
Feniger-Schaal, R. & Oppenheim, D. (2013). Resolution of the diagnosis and maternal sensitivity among mothers of children with intellectual disability. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 34, 306313. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2012.08.007Google Scholar
Findler, L. (2014). The experience of stress and personal growth among grandparents of children with and without intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 52, 3248. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-52.1.32Google Scholar
Flouri, E. & Malmberg, L. (2012). Fathers’ involvement and preschool children’s behavior in stable single-mother families. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 12371242. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2012.02.020Google Scholar
Floyd, F. J., Costigan, C. L., & Phillippe, K. A. (1997). Developmental change and consistency in parental interactions with school-age children who have mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation: AJMR, 101, 579594.Google Scholar
Floyd, F. J., Gilliom, L. A., & Costigan, C. L. (1998). Marriage and the parenting alliance: Longitudinal prediction of change in parenting perceptions and behaviors. Child Development, 69, 14611479.Google Scholar
Gerstein, E. D., Crnic, K. A., Blacher, J., & Baker, B. L. (2009). Resilience and the course of daily parenting stress in families of young children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 981997. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01220.xGoogle Scholar
Glidden, L. M. (1991). Adopted children with developmental disabilities: Post-placement family functioning. Children and Youth Services Review, 13, 363377.Google Scholar
Goff B. S. N., Springer N., Foote, L. C, et al. (2013) Receiving the initial Down syndrome diagnosis: a comparison of prenatal and postnatal parent group experiences. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 51, 446457.Google Scholar
Graungaard, A. H. & Skov, L. (2007). Why do we need a diagnosis? A qualitative study of parents’ experiences, coping and needs, when the newborn child is severely disabled. Child: Care, Health and Development, 33, 296307. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2214.2006.00666.xGoogle Scholar
Gray, K. M., Piccinin, A., Keating, C. M. et al. (2014). Outcomes in young adulthood: Are we achieving community participation and inclusion? Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 58, 734745. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/10.1111/jir.12069Google Scholar
Guralnick, M. J. (2011). Why early intervention works: A systems perspective. Infants & Young Children, 24, 628. https://doi.org/10.1097/IYC.0b013e3182002cfeCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Guralnick, M. J. (2017). Early intervention for children with intellectual disabilities: An update. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 30, 211229. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12233Google Scholar
Guralnick, M. J. & Albertini, G. (2006). Early intervention in an international perspective. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 3, 12. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-1130.2006.00046.xGoogle Scholar
Halfon, N., Houtrow, A., Larson, K., & Newacheck, P. W. (2012). The changing landscape of disability in childhood. The Future of Children, 22, 1342.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Harnett, P. H., Dawe, S., & Russell, M. (2014). An investigation of the needs of grandparents who are raising grandchildren. Child & Family Social Work, 19, 411420. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12036Google Scholar
Hastings, R. P., Beck, A., & Hill, C. (2005). Positive contributions made by children with an intellectual disability in the family: Mothers’ and fathers’ perceptions. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9, 155165. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629505053930CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hauser-Cram, P., Warfield, M. E., Shonkoff, J. P., & Krauss, M. W. (2001). Children with disabilities: A longitudinal study of child development and parent well-being. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 66, 1131. https://doi.org/10.1111/1540-5834.00151Google Scholar
Hill, K. M. (2012). The prevalence of youth with disabilities among older youth in out-of-home placement: An analysis of state administrative data. Child Welfare, 91, 6184.Google ScholarPubMed
Holroyd, J. (1974). The questionnaire on resources and stress: An instrument to measure family response to a handicapped family member. Journal of Community Psychology, 2, 9294.Google Scholar
Houser, A. N. & Ujvari, K. (2012). The State of Measurement of Respite Care. AARP Public Policy Institute.Google Scholar
Houwen, S., Visser, L., van der Putten, A., & Vlaskamp, C. (2016). The interrelationships between motor, cognitive, and language development in children with and without intellectual and developmental disabilities. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 5354, 1931. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2016.01.012Google Scholar
Hudson, A. M., Matthews, J. M., Gavidia-Payne, S. et al. (2003). Evaluation of an intervention system for parents of children with intellectual disability and challenging behaviour. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 47, 238249. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2788.2003.00486.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Jess, M., Totsika, V., & Hastings, R. P. (2018). Maternal stress and the functions of positivity in mothers of children with intellectual disability. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 27, 37533763. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-1186-1CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
John, A. & Roblyer, M. I. Z. (2017). Mothers parenting a child with intellectual disability in urban India: An application of the stress and resilience framework. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 55, 325337. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-55.5.325Google Scholar
Jones, J. & Passey, J. (2004). Family adaptation, coping and resources: Parents of children with developmental disabilities and behaviour problems. Journal on Developmental Disabilities, 11, 3146.Google Scholar
Kazak, A. E., & Marvin, R. S. (1984). Differences, difficulties and adaptation: Stress and social networks in families with a handicapped child. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 33, 6777. https://doi.org/10.2307/584591Google Scholar
Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2011). Behavior problems in children raised by grandmothers: The role of caregiver distress, family resources, and the home environment. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 21382145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.021CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kersh, J., Hedvat, T. T., Hauser-Cram, P., & Warfield, M. E. (2006). The contribution of marital quality to the well-being of parents of children with developmental disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 883893. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00906.xGoogle Scholar
Kiff, C. J., Lengua, L. J., & Zalewski, M. (2011). Nature and nurturing: Parenting in the context of child temperament. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 14, 251301. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-011-0093-4Google Scholar
Langley, E., Totsika, V., & Hastings, R. P. (2019). Psychological well‐being of fathers with and without a child with intellectual disability: A population‐based study. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12692Google Scholar
Lee, M. & Gardner, J. E. (2010). Grandparents’ involvement and support in families with children with disabilities. Educational Gerontology, 36, 467499. https://doi.org/10.1080/03601270903212419Google Scholar
Lerer, E., Levi, S., Salomon, S., Darvasi, A., Yirmiya, N., & Ebstein, R. P. (2008). Association between the oxytocin receptor gene and autism: Relationship to vineland adaptive behavior scales and cognition. Molecular Psychiatry, 13, 980988. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.mp.4002087Google Scholar
Lindo, E. J., Kliemann, K. R., Combes, B. H., & Frank, J. (2016). Managing stress levels of parents of children with developmental disabilities: A meta-analytic review of interventions. Family Relations, 65, 207224. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12185CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lloyd, T. J. & Hastings, R. (2009). Hope as a psychological resilience factor in mothers and fathers of children with intellectual disabilities. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 53, 957968. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2009.01206.xGoogle Scholar
Mas, J. M., Dunst, C. J., Balcells-Balcells, A., Garcia-Ventura, S., Giné, C., & Cañadas, M. (2019). Family-centered practices and the parental well-being of young children with disabilities and developmental delay. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2019.103495Google Scholar
Masulani-Mwale, C., Mathanga, D., Kauye, F., & Gladstone, M. (2018). Psychosocial interventions for parents of children with intellectual disabilities–A narrative review and implications for low income settings. Mental Health and Prevention, 11, 2432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mhp.2018.05.003Google Scholar
McConkey, R., Truesdale-Kennedy, M., Chang, M., Jarrah, S., & Shukri, R. (2008). The impact on mothers of bringing up a child with intellectual disabilities: A cross-cultural study. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 45, 6574. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2006.08.007CrossRefGoogle Scholar
McIntyre, L. L. (2013). Parent training to reduce challenging behavior in children and adults with developmental disabilities. In Hastings, R. P. & Rojahn, J. (Eds.), International review of research in developmental disabilities: Challenging behavior (pp. 245280). Academic Press/Elsevier.Google Scholar
Miodrag, N. & Hodapp, R. M. (2010). Chronic stress and health among parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 23, 407411.Google Scholar
Most, D. E., Fidler, D. J., Laforce-Booth, C., & Kelly, J. (2006). Stress trajectories in mothers of young children with down syndrome. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 50, 501514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2006.00796.xGoogle Scholar
Munir, K. M. (2016). The co-occurrence of mental disorders in children and adolescents with intellectual disability/intellectual developmental disorder. Current Opinion in Psychiatry, 29, 95102. https://doi.org/10.1097/YCO.0000000000000236Google Scholar
Namkung, E. H., Greenberg, J. S., Mailick, M. R., & Floyd, F. J. (2018). Lifelong parenting of adults with developmental disabilities: Growth trends over 20 years in midlife and later life. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 123, 228240. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/10.1352/1944-7558-123.3.228Google Scholar
Nankervis, K., Rosewarne, A., & Vassos, M. (2011). Why do families relinquish care? an investigation of the factors that lead to relinquishment into out-of-home respite care. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research: JIDR, 55, 422433. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2011.01389.xGoogle Scholar
Neece, C. L. (2014). Mindfulness‐based stress reduction for parents of young children with developmental delays: Implications for parental mental health and child behavior problems. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 27, 174186. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12064Google Scholar
Neece, C. & Baker, B. (2008). Predicting maternal parenting stress in middle childhood: The roles of child intellectual status, behaviour problems and social skills. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 52, 11141128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01071.xGoogle Scholar
Neece, C. L. & Chan, N. (2017). The stress of parenting children with developmental disabilities. In Deater-Deckard, K, & Panneton, R (Eds.), Parental stress and early child development: Adaptive and maladaptive outcomes; parental stress and early child development: Adaptive and maladaptive outcomes (pp. 107124) Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-55376-4_5Google Scholar
Neece, C. L., Chan, N., Klein, K., Roberts, L., & Fenning, R. M. (2019). Mindfulness-based stress reduction for parents of children with developmental delays: Understanding the experiences of latino families. Mindfulness, 10, 10171030. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-018-1011-3Google Scholar
Newton, R. R., Litrownik, A. J., & Landsverk, J. A. (2000). Children and youth in foster care: Disentangling the relationship between problem behaviors and number of placements. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24, 13631374. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00189-7Google Scholar
Norlin, D. & Broberg, M. (2013). Parents of children with and without intellectual disability: Couple relationship and individual well‐being. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57, 552566. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01564.xGoogle Scholar
Noy, A. & Findler, L. (2016). Twice Special—Grandparents Who Raise Grandchildren with Disabilities. In Grandparents of Children with Disabilities (pp. 8795). Springer.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Oppenheim, D., Dolev, S., Koren-Karie, N., Sher-Censor, E., Yirmiya, N., & Salomon, S. (2007). Parental resolution of the child’s diagnosis and the parent-child relationship. Attachment theory in clinical work with children: bridging the gap between research and practice. Guilford,Google Scholar
Patton, K. A., Ware, R., McPherson, L., Emerson, E., & Lennox, N. (2018). Parent‐related stress of male and female carers of adolescents with intellectual disabilities and carers of children within the general population: A cross‐sectional comparison. Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities, 31, 5161. https://doi.org/10.1111/jar.12292Google Scholar
Peer, J. W. & Hillman, S. B. (2014). Stress and resilience for parents of children with intellectual and developmental disabilities: A review of key factors and recommendations for practitioners. Journal of Policy and Practice in Intellectual Disabilities, 11, 9298. https://doi.org/10.1111/jppi.12072CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Platje, E., Sterkenburg, P., Overbeek, M., Kef, S., & Schuengel, C. (2018). The efficacy of VIPP-V parenting training for parents of young children with a visual or visual-and-intellectual disability: A randomized controlled trial. Attachment & Human Development, 20, 455472. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616734.2018.1428997Google Scholar
Ponnet, K., Mortelmans, D., Wouters, E., Van Leeuwen, K., Bastaits, K., & Pasteels, I. (2013). Parenting stress and marital relationship as determinants of mothers’ and fathers’ parenting. Personal Relationships, 20, 259276. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6811.2012.01404.xGoogle Scholar
Raghavan, R., Pawson, N., & Small, N. (2013). Family carers’ perspectives on post‐school transition of young people with intellectual disabilities with special reference to ethnicity. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57, 936946. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01588.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reid, C., Gill, F., Gore, N., & Brady, S. (2016). New ways of seeing and being: Evaluating an acceptance and mindfulness group for parents of young people with intellectual disabilities who display challenging behaviour. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 20, 517. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744629515584868CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Reilly, T. & Platz, L. (2004). Post-adoption service needs of families with special needs children: Use, helpfulness, and unmet needs. Journal of Social Service Research, 30, 5167. https://doi.org/10.1300/J079v30n04_03Google Scholar
Reynolds, A. J., Ou, S., Mondi, C. F., & Hayakawa, M. (2017). Processes of early childhood interventions to adult well‐being. Child Development, 88, 378387. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12733Google Scholar
Roberts, C., Mazzucchelli, T., Studman, L., & Sanders, M. R. (2006). Behavioral family intervention for children with developmental disabilities and behavioral problems. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 35, 180193. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15374424jccp3502_2CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rodas, N. V., Chavira, D. A., & Baker, B. L. (2017). Emotion socialization and internalizing behavior problems in diverse youth: A bidirectional relationship across childhood. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 62, 1525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2017.01.010Google Scholar
Rosencrans, M. & McIntyre, L. L. (2020). Coparenting and child outcomes in families of children previously identified with developmental delay. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 125, 109124. https://doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-125.2.109Google Scholar
Sarimski, K., Hintermair, M., & Lang, M. (2013). Parent stress and satisfaction with early intervention services for children with disabilities – A longitudinal study from germany. European Journal of Special Needs Education, 28, 362373. https://doi.org/10.1080/08856257.2013.797706Google Scholar
Schippers, A., Berkelaar, M., Bakker, M., & Van Hove, G. (2020). The experiences of Dutch fathers on fathering children with disabilities: ‘hey, that is a father and his daughter, that is it’. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 64, 442454. https://doi.org/10.1111/jir.12711Google Scholar
Schofield, G., Beek, M., & Ward, E. (2012). Part of the family: Planning for permanence in long-term family foster care. Children and Youth Services Review, 34, 244253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.10.020Google Scholar
Schoppe, S. J., Mangelsdorf, S. C., & Frosch, C. A. (2001) Coparenting, family process, and family structure: implications for preschoolers’ externalizing behavior problems. Journal of Family Psychology 15, 526545.Google Scholar
Seligman, M. (1991). Grandparents of disabled children: Hopes, fears, and adaptation. Families in Society, 72, 147152.Google Scholar
Seltzer, M. M., Floyd, F., Song, J., Greenberg, J., & Hong, J. (2011). Midlife and aging parents of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: Impacts of lifelong parenting. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 116, 479499.Google Scholar
Serbin, L. A., Kingdon, D., Ruttle, P. L., & Stack, D. M. (2015). The impact of children’s internalizing and externalizing problems on parenting: Transactional processes and reciprocal change over time. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 969986. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000632Google Scholar
Shahrier, M. A., Islam, M. N., & Debroy, M. (2016). Perceived stress and social adaptation of the primary caregivers of children with intellectual disabilities. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 19, 112.Google Scholar
Sheehan, P. & Guerin, S. (2018). Exploring the range of emotional response experienced when parenting a child with an intellectual disability: The role of dual process. British Journal of Learning Disabilities, 46, 109117. https://doi.org/10.1111/bld.12221Google Scholar
Singh, N. N., Lancioni, G. E., Winton, A. S. W. et al. (2007). Mindful parenting decreases aggression and increases social behavior in children with profound developmental disabilities. Behavior Modification, 31, 749771. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445507300924Google Scholar
Slayter, E. M. (2016). Foster care outcomes for children with intellectual disability. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 54, 299315. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-54.5.299CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Slayter, E. & Springer, C. (2011). Child welfare-involved youth with intellectual disabilities: Pathways into and placements in foster care. Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 49, 113. https://doi.org/10.1352/1934-9556-49.1.1Google Scholar
Stevenson, M. & Crnic, K. (2013). Intrusive fathering, children’s self‐regulation and social skills: A mediation analysis. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 57, 500512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2788.2012.01549.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Stoneman, Z. & Gavidia-Payne, S. (2006). Marital adjustment in families of young children with disabilities: Associations with daily hassles and problem-focused coping. American Journal on Mental Retardation, 111, 114. https://doi.org/10.1352/0895-8017(2006)111[1:MAIFOY]2.0.CO;2Google Scholar
Stroebe, M. S. & Schut, H. A. W. (1999). The dual process model of coping with bereavement: Rationale and description. Death Studies, 23, 197224. https://doi.org/10.1080/074811899201046Google Scholar
Summers, J. A., Behr, S. K., & Turnbull, A. P. (1988). Positive adaptation and coping strengths of families who have children with disabilities. In Singer, G. H. S. & Irvin, L. K. (Eds.), Support for caregiving families: enabling positive adaptation to disability (pp. 2740). Brooks.Google Scholar
Totsika, V., Hastings, R. P., Emerson, E., & Hatton, C. (2020). Early years parenting mediates early adversity effects on problem behaviors in intellectual disability. Child Development, 91, e649e664. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13273Google Scholar
Wang, P., Michaels, C. A., & Day, M. S. (2011). Stresses and coping strategies of Chinese families with children with autism and other developmental disabilities. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 41, 783795. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1099-3Google Scholar
Weisz, J. R. & Yeates, K. O. (1981). Cognitive development in retarded and nonretarded persons: Piagetian tests of the similar structure hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 90, 153.Google Scholar
Weisz, J. R. & Zigler, E. (1979). Cognitive development in retarded and nonretarded persons: Piagetian tests of the similar sequence hypothesis. Psychological Bulletin, 86, 831851.Google Scholar
Willingham-Storr, G. (2014). Parental experiences of caring for a child with intellectual disabilities: A UK perspective. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities: JOID, 18, 146158.Google Scholar
Winokur, M. A., Holtan, A., & Batchelder, K. E. (2018). Systematic review of kinship care effects on safety, permanency, and well-being outcomes. Research on Social Work Practice, 28, 1932. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049731515620843Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2001) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health. WHO.Google Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO) (2007). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health – Child Youth Version. WHO. http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/43737/1/9789241547321_eng.pdfGoogle Scholar
World Health Organisation (WHO). (2013). How to Use the ICF. www.who.int/classifications/drafticfpracticalmanual2.pdfGoogle Scholar
Woodman, A. C. (2014). Trajectories of stress among parents of children with disabilities: A dyadic analysis. Family Relations: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Family Studies, 63, 3954. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12049Google Scholar
Woodman, A. C., Mawdsley, H. P., & Hauser-Cram, P. (2015). Parenting stress and child behavior problems within families of children with developmental disabilities: Transactional relations across 15 years. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 36, 264276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2014.10.011Google Scholar
Zagona, A. L., Miller, A. L., Kurth, J. A., & Love, H. R. (2020). Parent perspectives on special education services: How do schools implement team decisions? The School Community Journal, 29, 105128.Google Scholar
Zechella, A. N. & Raval, V. V. (2016). Parenting children with intellectual and developmental disabilities in Asian Indian families in the united states. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 25, 12951309. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0285-5Google Scholar
Zhai, F., Waldfogel, J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (2013). Estimating the effects of Head Start on parenting and child maltreatment. Child and Youth Services Review, 35, 11191129. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.03.008Google Scholar
Zigler, E. (1969). Developmental versus difference theories of mental retardation and the problem of motivation. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 73, 536556.Google Scholar
Zigler, E. & Hodapp, R. M. (1986). Understanding mental retardation. Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar

References

American Psychiatric Association (APA) (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Association.Google Scholar
Amato, P. R. & Gilbreth, J. G. (1999). Nonresident fathers and children’s well-being: A meta-analysis. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 61, 557573.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Anastopoulos, A. D., Guevremont, D. C., Shelton, T. L., & DuPaul, G. J. (1992). Parenting stress among families of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 20, 503520. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00916812 https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.2307/353560Google Scholar
Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37, 122147. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.37.2.122Google Scholar
Barkley, R. A. (Ed.) (2015). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: A handbook for diagnosis and treatment (4th ed.). Guilford.Google Scholar
Beauchaine, T. P. & McNulty, T. (2013). Comorbidities and continuities as ontogenic processes: Toward a developmental spectrum model of externalizing psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 15051528.Google Scholar
Benjamin, L. S. (1974). Structural analysis of social behavior. Psychological Review, 81, 392425. https://doi.org/10.1037/h0037024Google Scholar
Blaze, R. W., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2008). Father–child transmission of antisocial behavior: The moderating role of father’s presence in the home. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 406415. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.1097/CHI.0b013e3181642979Google Scholar
Bor, W. & Sanders, M. R. (2004). Correlates of self-reported coercive parenting of preschool-aged children at high risk for the development of conduct problems. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 38, 738745. https://doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2004.01452.xGoogle Scholar
Bussing, R., Gary, F. A., Mills, T. L., & Garvan, C. W. (2007). Cultural variations in parental health beliefs, knowledge, and information sources related to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Family Issues, 28, 291318. https://doi.org/10.1177/0192513X06296117CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Canino, G. & Alegría, M. (2008). Psychiatric diagnosis – is it universal or relative to culture? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 49, 237250. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01854.xGoogle Scholar
Carpenter, J. L. & Mendez, J. (2013). Adaptive and challenged parenting among African American mothers: Parenting profiles relate to head start children’s aggression and hyperactivity. Early Education & Development, 24, 233252. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2013.749762Google Scholar
Caye, A., Machado, J. D., & Rohde, L. A. (2017). Evaluating parental disagreement in ADHD diagnosis: Can we rely on a single report from home? Journal of Attention Disorders, 21, 561566. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054713504134Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control (2016, April 26). Expert roundtable on behavioral parent training for young children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Meeting summary.Google Scholar
Chang, L.-R., Chiu, Y.-N., Wu, Y.-Y., & Gau, S. S.-F. (2013). Father’s parenting and father–child relationship among children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 54, 128140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2012.07.008Google Scholar
Coleman, P. K. & Karraker, K. H. (1998). Self-efficacy and parenting quality: Findings and future applications. Developmental Review, 18, 4785. https://doi.org/10.1006/drev.1997.0448Google Scholar
Danforth, J. S., Harvey, E., Ulaszek, W. R., & McKee, T. E. (2006). The outcome of group parent training for families of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and defiant/aggressive behavior. Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry, 37, 188205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbtep.2005.05.009Google Scholar
Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Ghandour, R. M., Holbrook, J. R., Kogan, M. D., & Blumberg, S. J. (2018). Prevalence of parent-reported ADHD diagnosis and associated treatment among U.S. children and adolescents, 2016. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47, 199212.Google Scholar
Danielson, M. L., Visser, S. N., Chronis-Tuscano, A., & DuPaul, G. J. (2018). A national description of treatment among U.S. children and adolescents with ADHD. Journal of Pediatrics, 192, 240246.Google Scholar
Deater-Deckard, K. & Dodge, K. A. (1997). Externalizing behavior problems and discipline revisited: Nonlinear effects and variation by culture, context, and gender. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 161175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0803_1Google Scholar
DeGarmo, D. S. & Jones, J. A. (2019). Fathering Through Change (FTC) intervention for single fathers: Preventing coercive parenting and child problem behaviors. Development and Psychopathology, 31, 18011811. doi:10.1017/S0954579419001019Google Scholar
Demmer, D. H., Hooley, M., Sheen, J., McGillivray, J. A., & Lum, J. A. G. (2017). Sex differences in the prevalence of oppositional defiant disorder during middle childhood: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45, 313325.Google Scholar
Denham, S. A., Workman, E., Cole, P. M., Weissbrod, C., Kendziora, K. T., & Zahn-Waxler, C. (2000). Prediction of externalizing behavior problems from early to middle childhood: The role of parental socialization and emotion expression. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 2345.Google Scholar
Dishion, T. J., Owen, L. D., & Bullock, B. M. (2004). Like father, like son: Toward a developmental model for the transmission of male deviance across generations. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 1, 105126. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405620444000094Google Scholar
DuPaul, G. J., Kern, L., Belk, G. et al. (2018). Face-to-face versus online behavioral parent training for young children at risk for ADHD: Treatment engagement and outcomes. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 47, S369S383. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2017.1342544Google Scholar
Eddy, J. M., Leve, L. D., & Fagot, B. I. (2001). Coercive family processes: A replication and extension of Patterson’s coercion model. Aggressive Behavior, 27, 1425.Google Scholar
Edwards, O. W. (2006). Teachers’ perceptions of the emotional and behavioral functioning of children raised by grandparents. Psychology in the Schools, 43, 565572.Google Scholar
Edwards, O. W. (2016). Bullying among middle school children raised by grandparents. Contemporary School Psychology, 20, 254261.Google Scholar
Evans, S. W., Owens, J. S., Wymbs, B. T., & Ray, R. R. (2018). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for children and adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 47, 157198.Google Scholar
Fabiano, G. A. (2007). Father participation in behavioral parent training for ADHD: Review and recommendations for increasing inclusion and engagement. Journal of Family Psychology, 21, 683693. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.21.4.683Google Scholar
Fabiano, G. A., Chacko, A., Pelham, W. E., Jr. et al. (2009). A comparison of behavioral parent training programs for fathers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behavior Therapy, 40, 190204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2008.05.002Google Scholar
Fabiano, G. A., Pelham, W. E., Cunningham, C. et al. (2012). A waitlist-controlled trial of behavioral parent training for fathers of children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 41, 337345. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.654464Google Scholar
Faraone, S.V. & Larsson, H. (2019). Genetics of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Molecular Psychiatry, 24, 562575.Google Scholar
Florsheim, P., Tolan, P. H., & Gorman-Smith, D. (1996). Family processes and risk for externalizing behavior problems among African American and Hispanic boys. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 12221230. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.64.6.1222Google Scholar
Gilliam, W. S., Maupin, A. N., Reyes, C. R., Accavitti, M., & Shic, F. (2016). Do early educators’ implicit biases regarding sex and race relate to behavior expectations and recommendations of preschool expulsions and suspensions. Yale University Child Study Center, 9, 2016.Google Scholar
Gizer, I. R., Ficks, C., & Waldman, I. D. (2009). Candidate gene studies of ADHD: A meta-analytic review. Human Genetics, 126, 5190.Google Scholar
Gomez, R. (2010). Equivalency for father and mother ratings of the ADHD symptoms. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 38, 303314.Google Scholar
Green, C. D., Dvorsky, M. R., Langberg, J. M., Jones, H. A., & Floyd, A. L. (2020). The impact of social determinants of health on the efficacy of school-based interventions for adolescents with ADHD. School Mental Health, 12, 580594.Google Scholar
Gresham, F. M. (2015). Disruptive behavior disorders: Evidence-based practice for assessment and intervention. Guilford.Google Scholar
Gross, J. J. (2002). Emotion regulation: Affective, cognitive, and social consequences. Psychophysiology, 39, 281291.Google Scholar
Hallmark, C. G. (2017). Moderators of behavioral parent training effects for children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): A meta-analysis [ProQuest Information & Learning]. In Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 78, B(E).Google Scholar
Harnett, P. H., Dawe, S., & Russell, M. (2014). An investigation of the needs of grandparents who are raising grandchildren. Child & Family Social Work, 19, 411420. https://doi.org/10.1111/cfs.12036Google Scholar
Harrison, C. & Sofronoff, K. (2002). ADHD and parental psychological distress: Role of demographics, child behavioral characteristics, and parental cognitions. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 703711. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200206000-00010Google Scholar
Heckel, L., Clarke, A. R., Barry, R. J., McCarthy, R., & Selikowitz, M. (2013). Child AD/HD severity and psychological functioning in relation to divorce, remarriage, multiple transitions and the quality of family relationships. Emotional & Behavioural Difficulties, 18, 353373.Google Scholar
Ho, T. P., Leung, P. W., Luk, E. S., Taylor, E., Bacon-Shone, J., & Mak, F. L. (1996). Establishing the constructs of childhood behavioral disturbances in a Chinese population: A questionnaire study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 24, 417431. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01441565Google Scholar
Hong, J., Novick, D., & Treuer, T. (2013). Predictors and consequences of adherence to the treatment of pediatric patients with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in Central Europe and East Asia. Patient Preference and Adherence, 7, 987995. https://doi.org/10.2147/PPA.S50628Google Scholar
Hsu, Y.-C., Chen, C.-T., Yang, H.-J., & Chou, P. (2019). Family structure, birth order, and aggressive behaviors among school-aged boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology: The International Journal for Research in Social and Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health Services, 54, 661670.Google Scholar
Jensen, T. M. & Lippold, M. A. (2018). Patterns of stepfamily relationship quality and adolescents’ short-term and long-term adjustment. Journal of Family Psychology, 32, 11301141. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000442Google Scholar
Jiang, Y., Gurm, M., & Johnston, C. (2014). Child impairment and parenting self-efficacy in relation to mothers’ views of ADHD treatments. Journal of Attention Disorders, 18, 532541. https://doi.org/10.1177/1087054712443412Google Scholar
Johnston, C., Mah, J. W. T., & Regambal, M. (2010). Parenting cognitions and treatment beliefs as predictors of experience using behavioral parenting strategies in families of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Behavior Therapy, 41, 491504. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2010.02.001Google Scholar
Kaminski, J. W. & Claussen, A. H. (2017). Evidence based update for psychosocial treatments for disruptive behaviors in children. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46, 477499.Google Scholar
Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2011). Behavior problems in children raised by grandmothers: The role of caregiver distress, family resources, and the home environment. Children and Youth Services Review, 33, 21382145. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.021CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Keown, L. J. (2012). Predictors of boys’ ADHD symptoms from early to middle childhood: The role of father-child and mother-child interactions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 40, 569581.Google Scholar
Kochanska, G., Kim, S., Boldt, L. J., & Yoon, J. E. (2013). Children’s callous-unemotional traits moderate links between their positive relationships with parents at preschool age and externalizing behavior problems at early school age. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54, 12511260.Google Scholar
Langberg, J. M., Epstein, J. N., & Simon, J. O. (2010). Parent agreement on ratings of children’s attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and broadband externalizing behaviors. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 18, 4150. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426608330792Google Scholar
Leijten, P., Gardner, F., Melendez-Torres, & G. J. et al. (2019). Meta-analyses: Key parenting program components for disruptive child behavior. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58, 180190.Google Scholar
Mayfield, A. R., Parke, E. M., & Barchard, K. A. et al. (2018). Equivalence of mother and father ratings of ADHD in children. Child Neuropsychology, 24, 166183.Google Scholar
Mikami, A. Y., Chong, G. K., Saporito, J. M., & Na, J. J. (2015). Implications of parental affiliate stigma in families of children with ADHD. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44, 595603. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.888665Google Scholar
Nikolas, M. A. & Burt, S. A. (2010). Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 119, 117.Google Scholar
Nigg, J. T. (2020). Recent perspective on genetics and environment and implications for health-related complementary approaches for ADHD. The ADHD Report, 28, 15.Google Scholar
Nock, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., Hiripi, E., & Kessler, R. (2006). Prevalence, subtypes, and correlates of DSM-IV conduct disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Psychological Medicine, 36, 699710.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Nock, M. K., Kazdin, A. E., Hiripi, E., & Kessler, R. (2007). Lifetime prevalence, correlates, and persistence of oppositional defiant disorder: Results from the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 703713.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R. (1980). Mothers: The unacknowledged victims. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 45, 154.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R. (1982). Coercive family process. Castalia.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R. (1986). Performance models for antisocial boys. American Psychologist, 41, 432444.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R., Reid, J. B., & Dishion, T. J. (1998). Antisocial boys. In Jenkins, J. M, Oatley, K., & Stein, N. L (Eds.), Human emotions: A reader. (pp. 330336). Wiley.Google Scholar
Smith, G. C., Hayslip, B., Jr., Hancock, G. R., Strieder, F. H., & Montoro-Rodriguez, J. (2018). A randomized clinical trial of interventions for improving well-being in custodial grandfamilies. Journal of Family Psychology, 32, 816827. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.1037/fam0000457.supp (Supplemental)Google Scholar
Sonuga-Barke, E. J., Daley, D., & Thompson, M. (2002). Does maternal ADHD reduce the effectiveness of parent training for preschool children’s ADHD? Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 696702. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200206000-00009Google Scholar
Sprich, S., Biederman, J., Crawford, M. H., Mundy, E., & Faraone, S. V. (2000). Adoptive and biological families of children and adolescents with ADHD. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 14321437.Google Scholar
Theule, J., Wiener, J., Tannock, R., & Jenkins, J. M. (2013). Parenting stress in families of children with ADHD: A meta-analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 21, 317. https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426610387433Google Scholar
Trautmann-Villalba, P., Gschwendt, M., Schmidt, M. H., & Laucht, M. (2006). Father-infant interaction patterns as precursors of children’s later externalizing behavior problems: A longitudinal study over 11 years. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 344349. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.1007/s00406–006-0642-xGoogle Scholar
Veen-Mulders, L., Nauta, M. H., Timmerman, M. E., den Hoofdakker, B. J., & Hoekstra, P. J. (2017). Predictors of discrepancies between fathers and mothers in rating behaviors of preschool children with and without ADHD. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 26, 365376. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.1007/s00787–016-0897-3Google Scholar
Wiener, J., Biondic, D., Grimbos, T., & Herbert, M. (2016). Parenting stress of parents of adolescents with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44, 561574. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802–015-0050-7Google Scholar
Weiss, M., Hechtman, L., & Weiss, G. (2000). ADHD in parents. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 39, 10591061. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-200008000-00023Google Scholar
White, L. & Gilbreth, J. G. (2001). When children have two fathers: Effects of relationships with stepfathers and noncustodial fathers on adolescent outcomes. Journal of Marriage and Family, 63, 155167. https://doi-org.ezproxy.lib.lehigh.edu/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2001.00155.xGoogle Scholar
Williamson, D., Johnston, C., Noyes, A., Stewart, K., & Weiss, M. D. (2017). Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in mothers and fathers: Family level interactions in relation to parenting. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 45, 485500.Google Scholar
Wittkowski, A., Garrett, C., Calam, R., & Weisberg, D. (2017). Self-report measures of parental self-efficacy: A systematic review of the current literature. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 29602978. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826–017-0830-5Google Scholar
Wolraich, M. L., Hagan, J. F., Allan, C. et al. (2019). Clinical practice guideline for the diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children and adolescents. Pediatrics, 144, e20192528Google Scholar

References

Asarnow, J. R., Berk, M., Hughes, J. L., & Anderson, N. L. (2015). The SAFETY Program: a treatment-development trial of a cognitive-behavioral family treatment for adolescent suicide attempters. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 44, 194203. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.940624CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Barber, B. K. & Harmon, E. L. (2002). Violating the self: Parental psychological control of children and adolescents. In Barber, B. K. (Ed.), Intrusive parenting. How psychological control affects children and adolescents (pp. 1552). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10422-002Google Scholar
Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E., Olsen, J. A., Collins, W. A., & Burchinal, M. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70, 5872. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-5834.2005.00369.xGoogle Scholar
Barrett, P. M., Dadds, M. R., & Rapee, R. M. (1996). Family treatment of childhood anxiety: A controlled trial. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 64, 333342. https://doi.org/10.1037==0022-006x.64.2.333Google Scholar
Bayer, J. K., Morgan, A., Prendergast, L. A. et al. (2019). Predicting temperamentally inhibited young children’s clinical0-level anxiety and internalizing problems from parenting and parent well-being: A population study. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 11651181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0442-6Google Scholar
Beck, A. T. (2005). The current state of cognitive therapy: A 40-year retrospective. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 953959. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.9.953Google Scholar
Belsky, J. & Pluess, M. (2009). Beyond diathesis stress: Differential susceptibility to environmental influences. Psychological Bulletin, 135, 885908. https://doi.org/:10.1037/a0017376Google Scholar
Berkel, C., Knight, G. P., Zeiders, K. H. et al. (2010). Discrimination and adjustment for Mexican American adolescents: A prospective examination of the benefits of culturally related values. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 20, 893915. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2010.00668.xGoogle Scholar
Bernier, A., Carlson, S. M., & Whipple, N. (2010). From external regulation to self-regulation: Early parenting precursors of young children’s executive functioning. Child Development, 81, 326339. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01397Google Scholar
Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Ghandour, R. M. et al. (2018). Epidemiology and impact of health care provider–diagnosed anxiety and depression among US children. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 39, 395-403. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000571Google Scholar
Bittner, A., Egger, H. L., Erkanli, A., Costello, E. J., Foley, D. L., & Angold, A. (2007). What do childhood anxiety disorders predict? Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 48, 11741183. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01812.xGoogle Scholar
Bodden, D. H., Bögels, S. M., Nauta, M. H. et al. (2008). Child versus family cognitive-behavioral therapy in clinically anxious youth: An efficacy and partial effectiveness study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 47, 13841394. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e318189148eGoogle Scholar
Boden, J. M., Fergusson, D. M., & Horwood, L. J. (2007). Anxiety disorders and suicidal behaviours in adolescence and young adulthood: Findings from a longitudinal study. Psychological Medicine: A Journal of Research in Psychiatry and the Allied Sciences, 37, 431440. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291706009147Google Scholar
Bögels, S. & Phares, V. (2008). Fathers’ role in the etiology, prevention and treatment of child anxiety: A review and new model. Clinical Psychology Review, 28, 539558. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2007.07.011Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H. (2012). Cultural approaches to parenting. Parenting, 12, 212221. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2012.683359Google Scholar
Breinholst, S., Esbjørn, B. H., Reinholdt-Dunne, M. L., & Stallard, P. (2012). CBT for the treatment of child anxiety disorders: A review of why parental involvement has not enhanced outcomes. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 26, 416424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2011.12.014Google Scholar
Breitenstein, S. M., Gross, D., Ordaz, I., Julion, W., Garvey, C., & Ridge, A. (2007). Promoting mental health in early childhood programs serving families from low-income neighborhoods. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 13, 313320. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390307306996Google Scholar
Brent, D. A., Holder, D., Kolko, D. et al. (1997). A clinical psychotherapy trial for adolescent depression comparing cognitive, family, and supportive therapy. Archives of General Psychiatry, 54, 877-885. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1997.01830210125017Google Scholar
Brent, D. A., Kolko, D. J., Birmaher, B. et al. (1998). Predictors of treatment efficacy in a clinical trial of three psychosocial treatments for adolescent depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 37, 906914. https://doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199809000-00010Google Scholar
Brunwasser, S. M. & Garber, J. (2016). Programs for the prevention of youth depression: Evaluation of efficacy, effectiveness, and readiness for dissemination. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45, 763783. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1020541Google Scholar
Butterfield, R. D. Silk, J. S., Lee, K. H. et al. (2020). Parents still matter! Parental warmth predicts adolescent function and anxiety and depressive symptoms two years later. Development and Psychopathology.Google Scholar
Bynion, T.-M., Blumenthal, H., Bilsky, S. A., Cloutier, R. M., & Leen-Feldner, E. W. (2017). Dimensions of parenting among mothers and fathers in relation to social anxiety among female adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 60, 1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.07.004Google Scholar
Calzada, E., Barajas-Gonzalez, R. G., Huang, K. Y., & Brotman, L. (2017). Early childhood internalizing problems in Mexican-and Dominican-origin children: The role of cultural socialization and parenting practices. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46, 551562. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1041593Google Scholar
Calzada, E. J., Huang, K. Y., Linares-Torres, H., Singh, S. D., & Brotman, L. (2014). Maternal Familismo and early childhood functioning in Mexican and Dominican immigrant families. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 2, 156171. https://doi.org/10.1037/lat0000021Google Scholar
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017). Youth Risk Behavior Survey Data. www.cdc.gov/yrbs.Google Scholar
Connell, A. M. & Dishion, T. J. (2008). Reducing depression among at-risk early adolescents: Three-year effects of a family-centered intervention embedded within schools. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 574585. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.574Google Scholar
Cosgrove, K. T., Kerr, K. L., Aupperle, R. L. et al. (2019). Always on my mind: Cross-brain associations of mental health symptoms during simultaneous parent-child scanning. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 40, 100729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2019.100635Google Scholar
Creswell, C., Willetts, L., Murray, L., Singhal, M., & Cooper, P. (2008). Treatment of child anxiety: An exploratory study of the role of maternal anxiety and behaviours in treatment outcome. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy: An International Journal of Theory & Practice, 15, 3844. https://doi.org/10.1002/cpp.559muGoogle Scholar
Crockett, L. J., Brown, J., Russell, S. T., & Shen, Y. L. (2007). The meaning of good parent–child relationships for Mexican American adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 17, 639668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-7795.2007.00539.xGoogle Scholar
Cummings, C. M., Caporino, N. E., & Kendall, P. C. (2014). Comorbidity of anxiety and depression in children and adolescents: 20 years after. Psychological Bulletin, 140, 816845. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0034733Google Scholar
Curtin, S. C. & Heron, M. (2019). Death rates due to suicide and homicide among persons aged 10–24: United States, 2000–2017. U.S. Department of Health and Services: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. www.cdc.gov/nchs/data/databriefs/db352-h.pdfGoogle Scholar
David-Ferdon, C. & Kaslow, N. J. (2008). Evidence-based psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 37, 62104. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374410701817865Google Scholar
Deater-Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5, 314332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.xGoogle Scholar
Deater-Deckard, K. & Dodge, K. A. (1997). Externalizing behavior problems and discipline revisited: Nonlinear effects and variation by culture, context, and gender. Psychological Inquiry, 8, 161175. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327965pli0803_1Google Scholar
DeVille, D. C., Whalen, D., Breslin, F. J. et al. (2020). Prevalence and family-related factors associated with suicidal ideation, suicide attempts, and self-injury in children aged 9 to 10 years. JAMA Network Open, 3(2), e1920956e1920956. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.20956Google Scholar
Diamond, G. S., Reis, B. F., Diamond, G. M., Siqueland, L., & Isaacs, L. (2002). Attachment-based family therapy for depressed adolescents: A treatment development study. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41, 11901196. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.CHI.0000024836.94814.08Google Scholar
Dumka, L. E., Gonzales, N. A., Wood, J. L., & Formoso, D. (1998). Using qualitative methods to develop contextually relevant measures and preventive interventions: An illustration. American Journal of Community Psychology, 26, 605637. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022145022830Google Scholar
Dwairy, M. & Menshar, K. E. (2006). Parenting style, individuation, and mental health of Egyptian adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 29, 103117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2005.03.002Google Scholar
Estrada-Martínez, L. M., Padilla, M. B., Caldwell, C. H., & Schulz, A. J. (2011). Examining the influence of family environments on youth violence: A comparison of Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, non-Latino Black, and non-Latino White adolescents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40, 10391051. https://doi-org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/10.1007/s10964–010-9624-4Google Scholar
Finkelstein, J. A. S., Donenberg, G. R., & Martinovich, Z. (2001). Maternal control and adolescent depression: Ethnic differences among clinically referred girls. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 30, 155171.Google Scholar
Fischer, R. L., Anthony, E. R., Lalich, N., & Blue, M. (2014). Addressing the early childhood mental health needs of young children: Evaluating child and family outcomes. Journal of Social Service Research, 40, 721737. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2014.930947Google Scholar
Fuligni, A. J., Tseng, V., & Lam, M. (1999). Attitudes toward family obligations among American adolescents with Asian, Latin American, and European backgrounds. Child Development, 70, 10301044. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.00075Google Scholar
Gillham, J. E., Reivich, K. J., Brunwasser, S. M. et al. (2012). Evaluation of a group cognitive-behavioral depression prevention program for young adolescents: A randomized effectiveness trial. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 41, 621639. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.706517Google Scholar
Ginsburg, G. (2009). The child anxiety prevention study: Intervention model and primary outcomes. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 580587. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0014486Google Scholar
Griffith, J. M., Crawford, C. M., Oppenheimer, C. W., Young, J. F., & Hankin, B. L. (2019). Parenting and youth onset of depression across three years: Examining the influence of observed parenting on child and adolescent depressive outcomes. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 19691980. https://doi.org/0.1007/s10802-019-00564-zGoogle Scholar
Halgunseth, L. C., Ispa, J. M., & Rudy, D. (2006). Parental control in Latino families: An integrated review of the literature. Child Development, 77, 12821297.Google Scholar
Hammen, C., Brennan, P. A., & Keenan-Miller, D. (2008). Patterns of adolescent depression to age 20: The role of maternal depression and youth interpersonal dysfunction. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 36, 11891198. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-008-9241-9Google Scholar
Higa-McMillan, C. K., Francis, S. E., Rith-Najarian, L., & Chorpita, B. F. (2016). Evidence base update: 50 years of research on treatment for child and adolescent anxiety. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 45, 91113. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1046177Google Scholar
Hill, N. E., Bush, K. R., & Roosa, M. W. (2003). Parenting and family socialization strategies and children’s mental health: Low–Income Mexican–American and Euro–American mothers and children. Child Development, 74, 189204. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00530Google Scholar
Hopkins, J., Lavigne, J. V., Gouze, K. R., LeBailly, S. A., & Bryant, F. B. (2013). Multi-domain models of risk factors for depression and anxiety symptoms in preschoolers: Evidence for common and specific factors. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 41, 705722. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-013-9723-2Google Scholar
Hwang, W. C., Wood, J. J., Lin, K. M., & Cheung, F. (2006). Cognitive-behavioral therapy with Chinese Americans: Research, theory, and clinical practice. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 13, 293303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2006.04.010Google Scholar
Jones, A. M., West, K. B., & Suveg, C. (2019). Anxiety in the school setting: A framework for evidence-based practice. School Mental Health, 11, 414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12310-017-9235-2Google Scholar
Kalomiris, A. E., Phelps, R. A., & Kiel, E. J. (2019). The relation between specific parenting behaviors and toddlers’ early anxious behaviors in moderated by toddler cortisol reactivity. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 13671377. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-019-00522-9Google Scholar
Kendall, P. C., Hudson, J. L., Gosch, E., Flannery-Schroeder, E., & Suveg, C. (2008). Cognitive- behavioral therapy for anxiety disordered youth: A randomized clinical trial evaluating child and family modalities. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 76, 282297. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.76.2.282Google Scholar
Kennedy, S. J., Rapee, R. M., & Edwards, S. L. (2009). A selective intervention program for inhibited preschool-aged children of parents with an anxiety disorder: Effects on current anxiety disorders and temperament. Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 48, 602609. https://doi.org/10.1097/CHI.0b013e31819f6fa9Google Scholar
Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62, 593602. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.62.6.593Google Scholar
Khanna, M. S. & Kendall, P. C. (2009). Exploring the role of parent training in the treatment of childhood anxiety. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 981986. https://doi.org/org/10.1037/a0016920Google Scholar
Kins, E., Soenens, B., & Beyers, W. (2012). Parental psychological control and dysfunctional separation–individuation: A tale of two different dynamics. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 10991109. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2012.02.017Google Scholar
Larner, G. (2009). Integrating family therapy in adolescent depression: An ethical stance. Journal of Family Therapy, 31, 213232. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6427.2009.00468.xGoogle Scholar
Lau, W. Y., Chan, C. K. Y., Li, J. C. H., & Au, T. K. F. (2010). Effectiveness of group cognitive-behavioral treatment for childhood anxiety in community clinics. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 48, 10671077. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2010.07.007Google Scholar
Lawrence, P. J., Murayama, K., & Creswell, C. (2019). Systematic review and meta-analysis: Anxiety and depressive disorders in offspring of parents with anxiety disorders. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 58, 4660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2018.07.898Google Scholar
Lebowitz, E. R., Marin, C., Martino, A., Shimshoni, Y., & Silverman, W. K. (2020). Parent-based treatment as efficacious as cognitive-behavioral therapy for childhood anxiety: A randomized noninferiority study of supportive parenting for anxious childhood emotions. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59, 362372. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2019.02.014Google Scholar
Liu, C. R., Wan, L. P., Liu, B. P., Jia, C. X., & Liu, X. (2022). Depressive symptoms mediate the association between maternal authoritarian parenting and non-suicidal self-injury among Chinese adolescents. Journal of affective Disorders, 305, 213219.Google Scholar
Loukas, A. & Prelow, H. M. (2004). Externalizing and internalizing problems in low-income Latino early adolescents: Risk, resource, and protective factors. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 24, 250273. https://doi.org/10.1177/0272431604265675Google Scholar
Luebbe, A. M., Tu, C., & Fredrick, J. W. (2018). Socialization goals, parental psychological control, and youth anxiety in Chinese students: Moderated indirect effects based on school type. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 47, 413429. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-017-0784-3Google Scholar
Luis, T. M., Varela, R. E., & Moore, K. W. (2008). Parenting practices and childhood anxiety reporting in Mexican, Mexican American, and European American families. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 22, 10111020. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2007.11.001Google Scholar
Manassis, K., Lee, T. C., Bennett, K. et al. (2014). Types of parental involvement in CBT with anxious youth: A preliminary meta-analysis. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 82, 11631172. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0036969Google Scholar
Markus, H. R. & Kitayama, S. (1991). Culture and the self: Implications for cognition, emotion, and motivation. Psychological Review, 98, 224253. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.98.2.224Google Scholar
Marshal, M. P., Dietz, L. J., & Friedman, M. S. (2011). Suicidality and depression disparities between sexual minority and heterosexual youth: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Adolescent Health, 49, 115123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2011.02.005Google Scholar
Mason, C. A., Walker-Barnes, C. J., Tu, S., Simons, J., & Martinez-Arrue, R. (2004). Ethnic differences in the affective meaning of parental control behaviors. Journal of Primary Prevention, 25, 5979. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOPP.0000039939.83804.37Google Scholar
McLeod, B. D., Wood, J. J., & Weisz, J. R. (2007). Examining the association between parenting and childhood anxiety: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 27, 155172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2006.09.002Google Scholar
Meyer, A. Carlton, C., Chong, L. J., & Wisserman, K. (2019). The presence of a controlling parent is related to an increase in the error-related negativity in 5–7 year-old children. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47, 935945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-018-0503-xGoogle Scholar
Möller, E. L., Nikolić, M., Majdandžić, M., & Bögels, S. M. (2016). Associations between maternal and paternal parenting behaviors, anxiety and its precursors in early childhood: A meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 45, 1733. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.03.002Google Scholar
Mufson, L., Dorta, K. P., Wickramaratne, P., No-mura, Y., Olfson, M., & Weissman, M. M. (2004). A randomized effectiveness trial of interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents. Archives of General Psychiatry, 61, 577584. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.61.6.577Google Scholar
Muroff, J. & Ross, A. (2011). Social disability and impairment in childhood anxiety. In McKay, D & Storch, E. A (Eds.), Handbook of child and adolescent anxiety disorders (pp. 457478). Springer Science Business Media. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-7784-7_31Google Scholar
Muhtadie, L., Zhou, Q., Eisenberg, N., & Wang, Y. (2013). Predicting internalizing problems in Chinese children: The unique and interactive effects of parenting and child temperament. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 653667.Google Scholar
Nelson, E. L., Barnard, M., & Cain, S. (2006). Feasibility of telemedicine intervention for childhood depression. Counselling and Psychotherapy Research, 6, 191195. https://doi.org/10.1080/14733140600862303Google Scholar
Newcomb, M. E., LaSala, M. C., Bouris, A. et al. (2019). The influence of families on LGBTQ youth health: A call to action for innovation in research and intervention development. LGBT Health, 6, 139145. https://doi.org/10.1089/lgbt.2018.0157Google Scholar
Nolle, A. P., Gulbas, L., Kuhlberg, J. A., & Zayas, L. H. (2012). Sacrifice for the sake of the family: Expressions of familism by Latina teens in the context of suicide. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 82, 319327. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2012.01166.xGoogle Scholar
Nomaguchi, K. & Milkie, K. (2020). Parenthood and well-being: A decade in review. Marriage & Family Review, 82, 198223. https://doi.org/10.1111/jomf.12646Google Scholar
Novins, D. K., Green, A. E., Legha, R. K., & Aarons, G. A. (2013). Dissemination and implementation of evidence-based practices for child and adolescent mental health: A systematic review. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 52, 10091025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2013.07.012Google Scholar
O’Donnell, L., O’Donnell, C., Wardlaw, D. M., & Stueve, A. (2004). Risk and resiliency factors influencing suicidality among urban African American and Latino youth. American Journal of Community Psychology, 33, 3749.Google Scholar
Ougrin, D., Tranah, T., Stahl, D., Moran, P., & Asarnow, J. R. (2015). Therapeutic interventions for suicide attempts and self-harm in adolescents: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 54, 97107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2014.10.009Google Scholar
Paulus, F. W., Backes, A., Sander, C. S., Weber, M., & von Gontard, A. (2015). Anxiety disorders and behavioral inhibition in preschool children: A population-based study. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 46, 150157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-014-0460-8Google Scholar
Piña, A. A., Polo, A. J., & Huey, S. J. (2019). Evidence-based psychosocial interventions for ethnic minority youth: The 10-year update. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 48, 179202. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2019.1567350Google Scholar
Piña, A. A., Zerr, A. A., Villalta, I. K., & Gonzales, N. A. (2012). Indicated prevention and early intervention for childhood anxiety: A randomized trial with Caucasian and Hispanic/Latino youth. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 80, 940946.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pinquart, M. (2017). Associations of parenting dimensions and styles with internalizing symptoms in children and adolescents: A meta-analysis. Marriage & Family Review, 53, 613640. https://doi.org/10.1080/01494929.2016.1247761Google Scholar
Posner, M. I. & Rothbart, M. K. (2000). Developing mechanisms of self-regulation. Development and Psychopathology, 12, 427441. https://doi.org/0.1017/S0954579400003096Google Scholar
Priel, A., Djalovski, A., Zagoory-Sharon, O., & Feldman, R. (2018). Maternal depression impacts child psychopathology across the first decade of life: Oxytocin and synchrony as markers of resilience. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 60, 3042. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12880Google Scholar
Restifo, K. & Bögels, S. (2009). Family processes in the development of youth depression: Translating the evidence to treatment. Clinical Psychology Review, 29, 294316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2009.02.005Google Scholar
Robinson, J., Bailey, E., Witt, K. et al. (2018). What works in youth suicide prevention? A systematic review and meta-analysis. EClinicalMedicine, 4, 5291. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2018.10.004Google Scholar
Rosselló, J. & Bernal, G. (1996). Adapting cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal treatments for depressed Puerto Rican adolescents. In Hibbs, E. D. & Jensen, P. (Eds.), Psychosocial Treatments for Child and Adolescent Disorders (pp. 157185). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/10196-007Google Scholar
Rosselló, J. & Bernal, G. (1999). The efficacy of cognitive-behavioral and interpersonal treatments for depression in Puerto Rican adolescents. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 67, 734745. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.67.5.734Google Scholar
Rothenberg, W. A., Lansford, J. E., Al-Hassan, S. M. et al. (2020). Examining effects of parent warmth and control on internalizing behavior clusters from age 8 to 12 in 12 cultural groups in nine countries. The Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61, 436446. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.13138Google Scholar
Rudy, B. M., Zavrou, S., Johnco, C., Storch, E. A., & Lewin, A. B. (2017). Parent-led exposure therapy: A pilot study of a brief behavioral treatment for anxiety in young children. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 26, 24752484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-017-0772-yGoogle Scholar
Rudy, D. & Grusec, J. E. (2006). Authoritarian parenting in individualist and collectivist groups: Associations with maternal emotion and cognition and children’s self-esteem. Journal of Family Psychology, 20, 6878. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.20.1.68Google Scholar
Runyan, C. W., Becker, A., Brandspigel, S., Barber, C., Trudeau, A., & Novins, D. (2016). Lethal means counseling for parents of youth seeking emergency care for suicidality. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 17, 814. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2015.11.28590Google Scholar
Sampson, R. J., Morenoff, J. D., & Raudenbush, S. (2005). Social anatomy of racial and ethnic disparities in violence. American Journal of Public Health, 95, 224232. https://doi-org.proxy-remote.galib.uga.edu/10.2105/AJPH.2004.037705Google Scholar
Schneider, S., Blatter-Meunier, J., Herren, C. et al. (2013). The efficacy of a family-based cognitive-behavioral treatment for separation anxiety disorder in children aged 8–13: A randomized comparison with a general anxiety program. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 81, 932940. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0032678Google Scholar
Sher-Censor, E., Parke, R. D., & Coltrane, S. (2011). Perceptions of Mexican American adolescents and parents regarding parental autonomy promoting: Divergent views and adolescents’ adjustment. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 31, 671693.Google Scholar
Shigeto, A., Grzywacz, J. G., & Cui, M. (2019). Parental control for Latinas and non-Latinas: implications for emerging adult mental health. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28, 10711083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-019-01345-4Google Scholar
Silk, J. S., Lee, K. H., Elliott, R. D. et al. (2017). ‘Mom-I don’t want to hear it’: Brain response to maternal praise and criticism in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 12, 729738. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsx014Google Scholar
Silk, J. S., Morris, A. S., Kanaya, T., & Steinberg, L. (2003). Psychological control and autonomy granting: Opposite ends of a continuum or distinct constructs?. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 13, 113128. https://doi.org/10.1111/1532-7795.1301004Google Scholar
Smith, A. M. & Grzywacz, J. G. (2014). Health and well-being in midlife parent of children with special health needs. Families, Systems, & Health, 32, 303312. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000049Google Scholar
Soenens, B., Park, S. Y., Vansteenkiste, M., & Mouratidis, A. (2012). Perceived parental psychological control and adolescent depressive experiences: A cross-cultural study with Belgian and South-Korean adolescents. Journal of Adolescence, 35, 261272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2011.05.001Google Scholar
Stark, K. D., Banneyer, K. N., Wang, L. A., & Arora, P. (2012). Child and adolescent depression in the family. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 1, 161184. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0029916Google Scholar
Stein, G. L., Supple, A. J., Huq, N., Dunbar, A. S., & Prinstein, M. J. (2016). A longitudinal examination of perceived discrimination and depressive symptoms in ethnic minority youth: The roles of attributional style, positive ethnic/racial affect, and emotional reactivity. Developmental Psychology, 52, 259271. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039902Google Scholar
Stice, E., Shaw, H., Bohon, C., Marti, C. N., & Rohde, P. (2009). A meta-analytic review of depression prevention programs for children and adolescents: factors that predict magnitude of intervention effects. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 77, 486503. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0015168Google Scholar
Sulkowski, M. L., Joyce, D. K., & Storch, E. A. (2012). Treating childhood anxiety in schools: Service delivery in a response to intervention paradigm. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 21, 938947. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-011-9553-1.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Taboas, W. R., McKay, D., Whiteside, S. P., & Storch, E. A. (2015). Parental involvement in youth anxiety treatment: Conceptual bases, controversies, and recommendations for intervention. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 30, 1618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.12.005Google Scholar
Thomas, A., & Chess, S. (1984). Genesis and evolution of behavioral disorders: From infancy to early adult life. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 141(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.141.1.1Google Scholar
Thulin, U., Svirsky, L., Serlachius, E., Andersson, G., & Öst, L. G. (2014). The effect of parent involvement in the treatment of anxiety disorders in children: A meta-analysis. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy, 43, 185200. https://doi.org/10.1080/16506073.2014.923928Google Scholar
Tiwari, S., Kendall, P. C., Hoff, A. L., Harrison, J. P., & Fizur, P. (2013). Characteristics of exposure sessions as predictors of treatment response in anxious youth. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42, 3443. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2012.738454Google Scholar
Tompson, M. C., Boger, K. D., & Asarnow, J. R. (2012). Enhancing the developmental appropriateness of treatment for depression in youth: Integrating the family in treatment. Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America, 21, 345384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chc.2012.01.003Google Scholar
Tompson, M. C., Langer, D. A., Hughes, J. L., & Asarnow, J. R. (2017a). Family-focused treatment for childhood depression: Model and case illustrations. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 24, 269287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.06.003Google Scholar
Varela, R. E., Sanchez-Sosa, J. J., Biggs, B. K., & Luis, T. M. (2009). Parenting strategies and socio-cultural influences in childhood anxiety: Mexican, Latin American descent, and European American families. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 23, 609616. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.janxdis.2009.01.012Google Scholar
Villarreal, R., Blozis, S. A., & Widaman, K. F. (2005). Factorial invariance of a pan-Hispanic familism scale. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 27, 409425. https://doi.org/10.1177/0739986305281125Google Scholar
Weersing, V. R., Jeffreys, M., Do, M. C. T., Schwartz, K. T., & Bolano, C. (2017). Evidence base update of psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent depression. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 46, 1143. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2016.1220310Google Scholar
Wei, C., & Kendall, P. C. (2014). Parental involvement: Contribution to childhood anxiety and its treatment. Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, 17, 319339. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10567-014-0170-6Google Scholar
Weitkamp, K., & Seiffge-Krenke, I. (2019). The association between parental rearing dimensions and adolescent psychopathology: A cross-cultural study. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 48, 469483. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-018-0928-0Google Scholar
Werner-Seidler, A., Perry, Y., Calear, A. L., Newby, J. M., & Christensen, H. (2017). School- based depression and anxiety prevention programs for young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Clinical Psychology Review, 51, 3047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.10.005Google Scholar
West, K. B., Oshri, A., Mitaro, E., Caughy, M., & Suveg, C. (2019). Maternal depression and preadolescent symptoms: An examination of dyad-level moderators in an economically impoverished sample. Journal of Family Psychology, 34, 333341. https://doi.org/10.1037/fam0000610Google Scholar
Willemen, A. M., Schuengel, C., & Koot, H. M. (2009). Physiological regulation of stress in referred adolescents: the role of the parent-adolescent relationship. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 50, 482490. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2008.01982.xGoogle Scholar
Wood, J. J., McLeod, B. D., Sigman, M., Hwang, W. C., & Chu, B. C. (2003). Parenting and childhood anxiety: Theory, empirical findings, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 44, 134151. https://doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00106Google Scholar
World Health Organization. (2014). Preventing suicide: A global imperative. World Health Organization. www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789241564779Google Scholar
Yap, M. B. H. & Jorm, A. F. (2015). Parental factors associated with childhood anxiety, depression, and internalizing problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 175, 424440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.01.050Google Scholar
Yap, M. B. H., Pilkington, P. D., Ryan, S. M., & Jorm, A. F. (2014). Parental factors associated with depression and anxiety in young people: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Affective Disorders, 156, 823. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.11.007Google Scholar

References

Aleshire, M. E., Ashford, K., Fallin-Bennett, A., & Hatcher, J. (2019). Primary care providers’ attitudes related to LGBTQ people: A narrative literature review. Health Promotion Practice, 20, 173187.Google Scholar
Aspelmeier, J. E., Elliott, A. N., & Smith, C. H. (2007). Childhood sexual abuse, attachment, and trauma symptoms in college females: The moderating role of attachment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 31, 549566.Google Scholar
Baams, L., Wilson, B. D., & Russell, S. T. (2019). LGBTQ youth in unstable housing and foster care. Pediatrics, 143.Google Scholar
Barber, B. K., Olsen, J. E., & Shagle, S. C. (1994). Associations between parental psychological and behavioral control and youth internalized and externalized. Child Development, 65, 11201136.Google Scholar
Barber, B. K., Stolz, H. E., Olson, J. A., Collins, W. A., & Burchinal, M. (2005). Parental support, psychological control, and behavioral control: Assessing relevance across time, culture, and method. Monographs of the Society for Research in Child Development, 70, 1151.Google Scholar
Beals, K. P. & Peplau, L. A. (2005). Identity support, identity devaluation and wellbeing among lesbians. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 29, 140148.Google Scholar
Beals, K. P. & Peplau, L. A. (2006). Disclosure patterns within social networks of gay men and lesbians. Journal of Homosexuality, 51, 101120.Google Scholar
Bean, R. A. & Northrup, J. C. (2009). Parental psychological control, psychological autonomy, and acceptance as predictors of self-esteem in Latino adolescents. Journal of Family Issues, 30, 14861504.Google Scholar
Beck, M. J., Maier, C. A., Means, A., & Isaacson, L. A. (2018). Interdisciplinary collaboration for LGBTQ students in foster care: Strategies for school counselors. Journal of LGBT Issues in Counseling, 12, 248264.Google Scholar
Belsky, J. (1984). The determinants of parenting: A process model. Child Development, 55, 8396.Google Scholar
Bonet, L. B., Wells, E., & Parsons, J. T. (2007). A positive look at a difficult time: A strength based examination of coming out for lesbian and bisexual women. Journal of LGBT Health Research, 3, 715.Google Scholar
Brandon-Friedman, R. A., Pierce, B., Wahler, E., Thigpen, J., & Fortenberry, J. D. (2020). Sexual identity development and sexual well-being: Differences between sexual minority and non-sexual minority former foster youth. Children and Youth Services Review, 117, 105294.Google Scholar
Branscombe, N. R., Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (1999). The context and content of social identity threat. In Ellemers, N., Spears, R., & Doosje, B. (Eds.), Social identity: Context, commitment, content (pp. 3558). Blackwell.Google Scholar
Cassidy, J. (2008). The nature of the child’s ties. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications, (pp. 322). The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Cochran, B. N., Stewart, A. J., Ginzler, J. A., & Cauce, A. M. (2002). Challenges faced by homeless sexual minorities: Comparison of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender homeless adolescents with their heterosexual counterparts. American Journal of Public Health, 92, 773777.Google Scholar
Cohen, G. L. & Garcia, J. (2005). “I am us”: Negative stereotypes as collective threats. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 89, 566582.Google Scholar
Conron, K. J. (2020). LGBT Youth Population in the United States. [Fact Sheet]. The Williams Institute. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/LGBT-Youth-US-Pop-Sep-2020.pdfGoogle Scholar
Corliss, H. L., Goodenow, C. S., Nichols, L., & Austin, S. B. (2011). High burden of homelessness among sexual-minority adolescents: Findings from a representative Massachusetts high school sample. American Journal of Public Health, 101, 16831689. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2011.300155Google Scholar
Cox, M. J. & Paley, B. (2003). Understanding families as systems. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 12, 193196.Google Scholar
Cummings, E. M. & Davies, P. T. (1995). The impact of parents on their children: An emotional security perspective. Annals of Child Development, 10, 167208.Google Scholar
D’amico, E., Julien, D., Tremblay, N., & Chartrand, E. (2015). Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youths coming out to their parents: Parental reactions and youths’ outcomes. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 11, 411437.Google Scholar
D’Augelli, A. R. (1994). Identity Development and Sexual Orientation: Toward a Model of Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Development. In Trickett, E. J., Watts, R. J., & Birman, D. (Eds.), Human Diversity: Perspectives on People in Context. Jossey-Bass.Google Scholar
D’Augelli, A. R. (1996). Lesbian, gay and bisexual development during adolescence and young adulthood. In Cajab, R. P. & Stein, T. S. (Eds.), Textbook of homosexuality and mental health (pp. 267288). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.Google Scholar
D’Augelli, A. R., Grossman, A. H., Salter, N. P., Vasey, J. J., Starks, M. T., & Sinclair, K. O. (2005). Predicting the suicide attempts of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Suicide and Life Threatening Behavior, 35, 646660.Google Scholar
D’Augelli, A. R., Grossman, A. H., Starks, M. T., & Sinclair, K. O. (2010). Factors associated with parents’ knowledge of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth’ sexual orientation. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 6, 121.Google Scholar
D’Augelli, A. R., Hershberger, S. L., & Pilkington, N. W. (1998). Lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and their families: Disclosure of sexual orientation and its consequences. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 68, 361371.Google Scholar
D’Augelli, A. R., Pilkington, N. W., & Hershberger, S. L. (2002). Incidence and mental health impact of sexual orientation victimization of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth in high school. School Psychology Quarterly, 17, 148167.Google Scholar
Diamond, G. M., Diamond, G. S., Levy, S., Closs, C., Ladipo, T., & Siqueland, L. (2012). Attachment-based family therapy for suicidal lesbian, gay, and bisexual adolescents: A treatment development study and open trial with preliminary findings. Psychotherapy, 49, 6271.Google Scholar
Drescher, J. (2002). Ethical issues in treating gay and lesbian patients. Psychiatric Clinics, 25, A605A621.Google Scholar
Durso, L. E. & Gates, G. J. (2012). Serving our youth: Findings from a national survey of service providers working with lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth who are homeless or at risk of becoming homeless. The Williams Institute with True Colors Fund and The Palette Fund.Google Scholar
Eisenberg, M. E. & Resnick, M. D. (2006). Suicidality among gay, lesbian and bisexual youth: The role of protective factors. Journal of Adolescent Health, 39, 662668.Google Scholar
Elia, J. P. & Eliason, M. (2010). Discourses of exclusion: Sexuality education’s silencing of sexual others. Journal of LGBT Youth, 7, 2948.Google Scholar
Eliason, M. J. (1996). Identity formation for lesbian, bisexual and gay persons: Beyond a “minoritizing” view. Journal of Homosexuality, 30, 3158.Google Scholar
Evans, E., Hawton, K., & Rodham, K. (2004). Factors associated with suicidal phenomena in adolescents: A systematic review of population-based studies. Clinical Psychology Review, 24, 957979.Google Scholar
Farr, R. H. & Goldberg, A. E. (2018). Sexual orientation, gender identity, and adoption law. Family Court Review, 56, 374383.Google Scholar
Fergusson, D. M., Woodward, L. J., & Horwood, L. J. (2000). Risk factors and life processes associated with the onset of suicidal behavior during adolescence and early adulthood. Psychological Medicine, 30, 2339.Google Scholar
Finkenauer, C., Engels, R. C. M. E., & Baumeister, R. F. (2005). Parenting and adolescent eternalizing and internalizing problems: The role of self-control. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29, 5869.Google Scholar
Fisher, S. K., Poirier, J. M., & Blau, G. M. (Eds.). (2012). Improving emotional and behavioral outcomes for LGBT youth: A guide for professionals. Paul Brookes Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Floyd, F. J., Stein, T. S., Harter, K. S., Allison, A., & Nye, C. L. (1999). Gay, lesbian, and bisexual youth: Separation-individuation, parental attitudes, identity consolidation, and well-being. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 28, 719739.Google Scholar
Galinsky, E. (1987). The six stages of parenthood. Addison-Wesley Publishing Company.Google Scholar
Gangamma, R., Slesnick, N., Toviessi, P., & Serovich, J. (2008). Comparison of HIV risks among gay, lesbian, bisexual and heterosexual homeless youth. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 37, 456464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9171-9Google Scholar
Garber, J., Robinson, N. S., & Valentiner, D. (1997). The relation between parenting and adolescent depression: Self-worth as a mediator. Journal of Adolescent Research, 12, 1233.Google Scholar
Garnets, L. & Kimmel, D. C. (1993). Psychological perspectives on lesbian and gay male experiences. Columbia University Press.Google Scholar
Gates, G. J. (2017). LGBT data collection amid social and demographic shifts of the US LGBT community. American Journal of Public Health, 107, 12201222. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2017.303927Google Scholar
Gates, G. J. (2011). How many people are lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender? [White Paper]. http://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/wp-content/uploads/Gates-How-Many-People-LGBT-Apr-2011.pdfGoogle Scholar
Gattis, M. N. (2013). An ecological systems comparison between homeless sexual minority youth and homeless heterosexual youth. Journal of Social Service Research, 39, 3849. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2011.633814Google Scholar
Gentile, D., Boselli, D., & MacNeill, E. (2020). Clinician’s Experience and Self-Perceived Knowledge and Attitudes toward LGBTQ+ Health Topics. Teaching and Learning in Medicine, 33(3), 292–303. https://doi.org/10.1080/10401334.2020.1852087Google Scholar
GLSEN (Gay Lesbian Straight Education Network). (2015). State Maps. GLSEN. Retrieved from www.glsen.org/article/state-mapsGoogle Scholar
Goldberg, A. E., Frost, R. L., Miranda, L., & Kahn, E. (2019). LGBTQ individuals’ experiences with delays and disruptions in the foster and adoption process. Children and Youth Services Review, 106, 104466.Google Scholar
Goldfarb, E. S. & Lieberman, L. D. (2021). Three decades of research: The case for comprehensive sex education. Journal of Adolescent Health, 68, 1327Google Scholar
Graber, J. A. & Archibald, A. B. (2001). Psychosocial change at puberty and beyond, understanding adolescent sexuality and sexual orientation. In D’Augelli, A. R. & Patterson, C. J. (Eds.), Lesbian, gay and bisexual identities and youth; psychological perspectives (pp. 326). Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Haldeman, D. C. (2002). Gay rights, patient rights: The implications of sexual orientation conversion therapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 33, 260.Google Scholar
Harrison, T. W. (2003). Adolescent homosexuality and concerns regarding disclosure. Journal of School Health, 73, 107112.Google Scholar
Hasenbush, A., Flores, A., Kastanis, A., Sears, B., & Gates, G. (2014). The LGBT divide: A data portrait of LGBT people in the Midwestern, Mountain & Southern states. UCLA School of Law.Google Scholar
Heatherington, L. & Lavner, J. A. (2008). Coming to terms with coming out: Review and recommendations for family systems focused research. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 329343.Google Scholar
Hein, L. C. (2011). Survival strategies of male homeless adolescents. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 17, 274282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1078390311407913Google Scholar
Horn, S. S. (2006). Heterosexual adolescents’ and young adults’ beliefs and attitudes about homosexuality and gay and lesbian peers. Cognitive Development, 21, 420440.Google Scholar
Human Rights Campaign (2021). A Call to Action: LGBTQ Youth Need Inclusive Sex Education. www.hrc.org/resources/a-call-to-action-lgbtq-youth-need-inclusive-sex-educationGoogle Scholar
Khaleque, A. & Rohner, R. P. (2002). Perceived parental acceptance-rejection and psychological adjustment: A meta-analysis of cross-cultural and intracultural studies. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 64, 5464. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-3737.2002.00054.xGoogle Scholar
Lazear, K. J., Pires, S. A., Forssell, S. L., & Mallery, C. J. (2012). Building systems of care to support effective therapeutic and programmatic interventions and resources for LGBT youth and their families. In Fisher, S. K, Poirier, J. M., & Blau, G. M (Eds.), Improving emotional and behavioural outcomes for LGBT youth: A guide for professionals (pp. 127140). Paul H. Brookes.Google Scholar
Maccio, E. M. (2011). Self-reported sexual orientation and identity before and after sexual reorientation therapy. Journal of Gay & Lesbian Mental Health, 15, 242259.Google Scholar
Mallory, C., Brown, T. N., & Conron, K. J. (2019). Conversion Therapy and LGBT Youth-Update. UCLA School of Law.Google Scholar
McCormick, A., Schmidt, K., & Terrazas, S. (2016). LGBTQ youth in the child welfare system: An overview of research, practice, and policy. Journal of Public Child Welfare, 11, 2739. https://doi.org/10.1080/15548732.2016.1221368Google Scholar
Meanley, S., Haberlen, S. A., Okafor, C. N. et al. (2020). Lifetime exposure to conversion therapy and psychosocial health among midlife and older adult men who have sex with men. The Gerontologist, 60, 12911302.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. (1995). Minority stress and mental health in gay men. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour, 36, 3856.Google Scholar
Meyer, I. H. (2018). Coming out milestones in the U.S. [Fact sheet]. Williams Institute. https://williamsinstitute.law.ucla.edu/publications/coming-out-milestones-in-us/Google Scholar
Milburn, N. G., Ayala, G., Rice, E., Batterham, P., & Rotheram-Borus, M. J. (2006). Discrimination and exiting homelessness among homeless adolescents. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 12, 658672. https://doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.4.658Google Scholar
Miller, C. T. & Major, B. (2000). Coping with stigma and prejudice. In Heatherton, T. F., Kleck, R. E., Hebl, M. R., & Hull, J. G. (Eds.), The social psychology of stigma (pp. 243272). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Mills‐Koonce, W. R., Rehder, P. D., & McCurdy, A. L. (2018). The significance of parenting and parent–child relationships for sexual and gender minority adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28, 637649.Google Scholar
Minuchin, P. (1985). Families and individual development: Provocations from the field of family therapy. Child Development, 54, 289302.Google Scholar
Mountz, S., Capous-Desyllas, M., & Perez, N. (2019). Speaking back to the system: Recommendations for practice and policy from the perspectives of youth formerly in foster care who are LGBTQ. Child Welfare, 97(5), 117–140.Google Scholar
Naser, S.C., Clonan-Roy, K., Fuller, K.A., Goncy, E.A., Wolf, N. (2020). Exploring the experiences and responses of LGBTQ+ adolescents to school-based sexuality education. Psychology in the Schools, 59, 34–50. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.22471Google Scholar
Pachankis, J. E. & Goldfried, M. R. (2010). Expressive writing for gay-related stress: Psychosocial benefits and mechanisms underlying improvement. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 78, 98110.Google Scholar
Pachankis, J. E., Hatzenbuehler, M. L., Rendina, H. J., Safren, S. A., & Parsons, J. T. (2015). LGB-affirmative cognitive behavioral therapy for young adult gay and bisexual men: A randomized controlled trial of a transdiagnostic minority stress approach. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 83, 875889Google Scholar
Perrin, E. C., Cohen, K., Gold, M., Ryan, C., Savin-Williams, R., & Schorzman, C. (2004). Gay and lesbian issues in pediatric health care. Current Problems in Pediatric and Adolescent Health Care, 34, 355398.Google Scholar
Poteat, V. P. & Anderson, C. J. (2012). Developmental changes in sexual prejudice from early to late adolescence: The effects of gender, race, and ideology on different patterns of change. Developmental Psychology, 48, 14031415.Google Scholar
Potoczniak, D., Crosbie-Burnett, M., & Saltzburg, N. (2009). Experiences regarding coming out to parents among African American, Hispanic, and white gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender, and questioning adolescents. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Social Services, 21, 189205.Google Scholar
Proulx, C. N., Coulter, R. W. S., Egan, J. E., Matthews, D. D., & Mair, C. (2019). Associations of lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and questioning–inclusive sex education with mental health outcomes and school-based victimization in u.s. high school students. Journal of Adolescent Health, 64, 608614.Google Scholar
Ragins, B. R. (2008). Disclosure disconnects: Antecedents and consequences of disclosing invisible stigmas across life domains. Academy of Management Review, 33, 194215.Google Scholar
Rew, L., Whittaker, T. A., Taylor-Seehafter, M. A., & Smith, L. R. (2005). Sexual health risks and protective resources in gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual homeless youth. Journal for Specialists in Pediatric Nursing, 10, 1119.Google Scholar
Remafedi, G., Farrow, J. A., & Deisher, R. W. (1991). Risk factors for attempted suicide in gay and bisexual youth. Pediatrics, 87, 869875.Google Scholar
Riggs, D. W. (2020). LGBTQ Foster Parents. In LGBTQ-Parent Families: Innovations in Research and Implications for Practice (pp. 161170). Springer International Publishing.Google Scholar
Rosario, M., Meyer-Bahlburg, H. F. L., Hunter, J., Exner, T. M., Gwadz, M., & Keller, A. M. (1996). The psychosexual development of urban lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth. Journal of Sex Research, 33, 113126.Google Scholar
Rosario, M., Schrimshaw, E. W., & Hunter, J. (2012). Homelessness among lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth: Implications for subsequent internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 41, 544560.Google Scholar
Russell, S. T. (2003). Sexual minority youth and suicide risk. American Behavioral Scientist, 46, 12411257.Google Scholar
Russell, S. T. (2005). Beyond risk: resilience in the lives of sexual minority youth. Journal of Gay and Lesbian Issues in Education, 2, 518.Google Scholar
Russell, S. T. & Fish, J. N. (2016). Mental health in lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) youth. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 12, 465487.Google Scholar
Russell, S. T., Franz, B. T., & Driscoll, A. K. (2001). Same-sex romantic attraction and experiences of violence in adolescence. American Journal of Public Health, 91, 903906.Google Scholar
Ryan, C., Huebner, D., Diaz, R., & Sanchez, J. (2009). Family rejection as a predictor of negative health outcomes in White and Latino LGB young adults. Pediatrics, 123, 346352.Google Scholar
Ryan, C., Russell, S. T., Huebner, D., Diaz, R., & Sanchez, J. (2010). Family acceptance in adolescence and the health of LGBT young adults. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, 23, 205213.Google Scholar
Ryan, C., Toomey, R. B., Diaz, R. M., & Russell, S. T. (2020). Parent-initiated sexual orientation change efforts with LGBT adolescents: Implications for young adult mental health and adjustment. Journal of Homosexuality, 67, 159173.Google Scholar
Savin-Williams, R. C. (1998). “… And Then I Became Gay”: Young Men’s Stories. Routledge.Google Scholar
Savin-Williams, R. C. & Ream, G. L. (2003). Suicide attempts among sexual-minority male youth. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 32, 509522.Google Scholar
Scannapieco, M., Painter, K. R., & Blau, G. (2018). A comparison of LGBTQ youth and heterosexual youth in the child welfare system: Mental health and substance abuse occurrence and outcomes. Children and Youth Services Review, 91, 3946.Google Scholar
Schofield, G., Cossar, J., Ward, E., Larsson, B., & Belderson, P. (2019). Providing a secure base for LGBTQ young people in foster care: The role of foster carers. Child & Family Social Work, 24, 372381.Google Scholar
Schneider, M. & Hirsch, J. S. (2020). Comprehensive sexuality education as a primary prevention strategy for sexual violence perpetration. Trauma, Violence, & Abuse, 21, 439455.Google Scholar
Shapiro (2020). The law governing LGBTQ-parent families in the United States. https://link-springer-com.libproxy.lib.unc.edu/content/pdf/10.1007%2F978–3-030-35610-1.pdfGoogle Scholar
Shields, J. P., Cohen, R., Glassman, J. R., Whitaker, K., Franks, H., & Bertolini, I. (2013). Estimating population size and demographic characteristics of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender youth in middle school, 2, 248250.Google Scholar
Sheets, R. L. & Mohr, J. J. (2009). Perceived social support from friends and family and psychosocial functioning in bisexual young adult college students. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 56, 152163.Google Scholar
Shilo, G. & Mor, Z. (2014). The impact of minority stressors on the mental and physical health of lesbian, gay, and bisexual youth and young adults. Health & Social Work, 39, 161171.Google Scholar
Shilo, G. & Savaya, R. (2011). Effects of family and friend support on LGB youth’ mental health and sexual orientation milestones. Family Relations, 60, 318330.Google Scholar
Snapp, S. D., Watson, R. J., Russell, S. T., Diaz, R. M., & Ryan, C. (2015). Social support networks for LGBT young adults: Low-cost strategies for positive adjustment. Family Relations, 64, 420–230.Google Scholar
Snyder, B. K., Burack, G. D., & Petrova, A. (2017). LGBTQ youth’s perceptions of primary care. Clinical Pediatrics, 56, 443450.Google Scholar
Steinke, J., Root-Bowman, M., Estabrook, S., Levine, D. S., & Kantor, L. M. (2017). Meeting the needs of sexual and gender minority youth: formative research on potential digital health interventions. Journal of Adolescent Health, 60, 541548.Google Scholar
Stromberg, S. E., McDonald, W. C., Joy, L., Fritz, A., Rissman, E., & Faith, M. A. (2020). Pediatric healthcare providers’, college students’, and community adults’ moral condemnation beliefs toward sexual and gender minority individuals. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 112.Google Scholar
Substance Abuse and Mental Health Service Administration (2014). A Practitioner’s Resource Guide: Helping Families to Support Their LGBT Children. HHS Publ. No. PEP14-LGBTKIDS. SAMHSA.Google Scholar
Troiden, R. R. (1979). Becoming homosexual: A model of gay identity acquisition. Psychiatry, 41, 362373.Google Scholar
Troiden, R. R. (1984) Self, self-concept, identity, and homosexual identity: Constructs in need of definition and differentiation. Journal of Homosexuality, 10, 97109.Google Scholar
Tyler, K. A. (2008). A comparison of risk factors for sexual victimization among gay, lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual homeless young adults. Violence and Victims, 23, 586602.Google Scholar
Walsh, K. & Hope, D. A. (2010). LGB-affirmative cognitive behavioral treatment for social anxiety: A case study applying evidence-based practice principles. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 17, 5665.Google Scholar
Weinfield, N. S., Sroufe, L. A., Egeland, B., & Carlson, E. (2008). Individual differences in infant-caregiver attachment: Conceptual and empirical aspects of security. In Cassidy, J. & Shaver, P. R. (Eds.), Handbook of Attachment: Theory, Research, and Clinical Applications (pp. 78101). The Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Whitbeck, L. B., Chen, X., Hoyt, D. R., Tyler, K. A., & Johnson, K. D. (2004). Mental disorder, subsistence strategies, and victimization among gay, lesbian, and bisexual homeless and runaway adolescents. Journal of Sex Research, 41, 329342.Google Scholar

References

Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Bremner, J. D. et al. (2006). The enduring effects of abuse and related adverse experiences in childhood. European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience, 256, 174186. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00406–005-0624-4Google Scholar
Arida, R. M. & Teixeira-Machado, L. (2021). The contribution of physical exercise to brain resilience. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 14, 626769. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2020.626769Google Scholar
Balistreri, K. S. & Alvira-Hammond, M. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences, family functioning and adolescent health and emotional well-being. Public Health, 132, 7278. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2015.10.034Google Scholar
Barch, D. M., Belden, A. C., Tillman, R., Whalen, D., & Luby, J. L. (2018). Early childhood adverse experiences, inferior frontal gyrus connectivity, and the trajectory of externalizing psychopathology. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 57, 183190. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2017.12.011Google Scholar
Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Leckenby, N. et al. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harming behaviours in young adults: surveys in eight eastern European countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92, 641655. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.13.129247Google Scholar
Belcher, B. R., Zink, J., Azad, A., Campbell, C. E., Chakravartti, S. P., & Herting, M. M. (2020). The roles of physical activity, exercise, and fitness in promoting resilience during adolescence: effects on mental well-being and brain development. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 6, 225237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.08.005Google Scholar
Benner, A. D., Chen, S., Mistry, R. S., & Shen, Y. (2021). Life course transitions and educational trajectories: Examining adolescents who fall off track academically. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 50, 10681080. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-020-01376-xGoogle Scholar
Bethell, C. D., Davis, M. B., Gombojav, N., Stumbo, S., & Powers, K. (2017). Issue Brief: A national and across state profile on adverse childhood experiences among children and possibilities to heal and thrive. Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, October 2017.Google Scholar
Blodgett, C. & Lanigan, J. D. (2018). The association between adverse childhood experience (ACE) and school success in elementary school children. School Psychology Quarterly, 33, 137146. https://doi.org/10.1037/spq0000256Google Scholar
Bornstein, M. H. & Manian, N. (2013). Maternal responsiveness and sensitivity reconsidered: Some is more. Development and Psychopathology, 25, 957971. doi:10.1017/S0954579413000308Google Scholar
Bowlby, J. (1988). Developmental psychiatry comes of age. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 145, 110. https://doi.org/10.1176/ajp.145.1.1Google Scholar
Bridley, A. & Jordan, S. S. (2012). Child routines moderate daily hassles and children’s psychological adjustment. Children’s Health Care, 41, 129144. https://doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2012.657040Google Scholar
Burke, N. J., Hellman, J. L., Scott, B. G., Weems, C. F., & Carrion, V. G. (2011). The impact of adverse childhood experiences on an urban pediatric population. Child Abuse & Neglect, 35, 408413. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2011.02.006Google Scholar
Chapman, D. P., Whitfield, C. L., Felitti, V. J., Dube, S. R., Edwards, V. J., & Anda, R. F. (2004). Adverse childhood experiences and the risk of depressive disorders in adulthood. Journal of Affective Disorders, 82, 217225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2003.12.013Google Scholar
Choi, K. R., Stewart, T., Fein, E. et al. (2020). The impact of attachment-disrupting adverse childhood experiences on child behavioral health. The Journal of Pediatrics, 221, 224229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2020.03.006Google Scholar
Chung, E. K., Mathew, L., Rothkopf, A. C., Elo, I. T., Coyne, J. C., & Culhane, J. F. (2009). Parenting attitudes and infant spanking: The influence of childhood experiences. Pediatrics, 124, e278e286. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2008-3247Google Scholar
Cronholm, P. F., Forke, C. M., Wade, R. et al. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences: Expanding the concept of adversity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49, 354361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.001Google Scholar
Cloitre, M., Khan, C., Mackintosh, M.-A. et al. (2019). Emotion regulation mediates the relationship between ACES and physical and mental health. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy, 11, 8289. https://doi.org/10.1037/tra0000374Google Scholar
Cprek, S. E., Williamson, L. H., McDaniel, H., Brase, R., & Williams, C. M. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and risk of childhood delays in children ages 1–5. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 37, 1524. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560–019-00622-xGoogle Scholar
Cronholm, P. F., Forke, C. M., Wade, R. et al. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences: Expanding the concept of adversity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 49, 354361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2015.02.001Google Scholar
Dahmen, B., Puetz, V. B., Scharke, W., von Polier, G. G., Herpertz-Dahlmann, B., & Konrad, K. (2018). Effects of early-life adversity on hippocampal structures and associated HPA axis functions. Developmental Neuroscience, 40, 1322. https://doi.org/10.1159/000484238Google Scholar
Dannlowski, U., Stuhrmann, A., Beutelmann, V. et al. (2012). Limbic scars: Long-term consequences of childhood maltreatment revealed by functional and structural magnetic resonance imaging. Biological Psychiatry, 71, 286293. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.10.021Google Scholar
Dedovic, K., Engert, V., Duchesne, A. et al. (2010). Cortisol awakening response and hippocampal volume: Vulnerability for major depressive disorder? Biological Psychiatry, 68, 847853. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.07.025Google Scholar
Delaney-Black, V., Covington, C., Ondersma, S. J. et al. (2002). Violence exposure, trauma, and IQ and/or reading deficits among urban children. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 156, 280285. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.156.3.280Google Scholar
Dozier, M. & Bernard, K. (2019). Coaching parents of vulnerable infants: The attachment and biobehavioral catch-up approach. Guilford Publications.Google Scholar
Dirven, B. C. J., Homberg, J. R., Kozicz, T., & Henckens, M. J. A. G. (2017). Epigenetic programming of the neuroendocrine stress response by adult life stress. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology, 59, R11R31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/JME-17-0019Google Scholar
Duke, N. N. (2020). Adolescent adversity, school attendance and academic achievement: School connection and the potential for mitigating risk. Journal of School Health, 90, 618629. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12910Google Scholar
Erikson, E. H. (1994). Identity and the life cycle. WW Norton & Company.Google Scholar
Espeleta, H. C., Sharkey, C. M., Bakula, D. M. et al. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences and chronic medical conditions: Emotion dysregulation as a mediator of adjustment. Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 27, 572581. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10880–019-09639-xGoogle Scholar
Evans, G. W., Gonnella, C., Marcynyszyn, L. A., Gentile, L., & Salpekar, N. (2005). The role of chaos in poverty and children’s socioemotional adjustment. Psychological Science, 16, 560565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0956-7976.2005.01575.xGoogle Scholar
Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., & Williamson, D. F. (1998). Adverse childhood experiences and health outcomes in adults: The ACE study. Journal of Family and Consumer Sciences, 90, 31.Google Scholar
Filene, J. H., Kaminski, J. W., Valle, L. A., & Cachat, P. (2013). Components associated with home visiting program outcomes: A meta-analysis. Pediatrics, 13, S100S109. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1021HGoogle Scholar
Fitzgerald, H. E., Robinson, L. R., Cabrera, N., & Segal, L. (2021). Fathers and families: Risk and resilience. An introduction. Adversity and Resilience Science, 2, 6369 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844–021-00039-5Google Scholar
Fox, C. L. & Boulton, M. J. (2006). Friendship as a moderator of the relationship between social skills problems and peer victimisation. Aggressive Behavior: Official Journal of the International Society for Research on Aggression, 32, 110121. https://doi.org/10.1002/ab.20114Google Scholar
Frodl, T., Schaub, A., Banac, S. (2006). Reduced hippocampal volume correlates with executive dysfunctioning in major depression. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, 31, 316323.Google Scholar
Gee, D. G., Gabard-Durnam, L. J., Flannery, J. et al. (2013). Early developmental emergence of human amygdala–prefrontal connectivity after maternal deprivation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 110, 1563815643. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1307893110Google Scholar
Grasso, D. J., Drury, S., Briggs-Gowan, M. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences, posttraumatic stress, and FKBP5 methylation patterns in postpartum women and their newborn infants. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 114, 104604. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104604Google Scholar
Guss, S. S., Morris, A. S., Bosler, C. et al. (2020). Parents’ adverse childhood experiences and current relationships with their young children: The role of executive function. Early Child Development and Care, 190, 10421052. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2018.1513921Google Scholar
Hallowell, E. S., Oshri, A., Liebel, S. W. et al. (2019). The mediating role of neural activity on the relationship between childhood maltreatment and impulsivity. Child Maltreatment, 24, 389399. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519835975Google Scholar
Harrist, A. W., Henry, C. S., Liu, C., & Morris, A. S. (2019). Family resilience: The power of rituals and routines in family adaptive systems. In Fiese, B. H., Celano, M, Deater-Deckard, K, Jouriles, E. N, & Whisman, M. A. (Eds.), APA handbook of contemporary family psychology: Foundations, methods, and contemporary issues across the lifespan (pp. 223239). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000099-013Google Scholar
Hays-Grudo, J. & Morris, A. S. (2020). Adverse and protective childhood experiences: A developmental perspective. American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/0000177-000Google Scholar
Hays-Grudo, J., Morris, A. S., Beasley, L., Ciciolla, L., Shreffler, K., & Croff, J. (2021). Integrating and synthesizing adversity and resilience knowledge and action: The ICARE model. American Psychologist, 76, 203215. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000766Google Scholar
Henry, C. S., Sheffield Morris, A., & Harrist, A. W. (2015). Family resilience: Moving into the third wave. Family Relations, 64, 2243. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12106Google Scholar
Herman, J. P., McKlveen, J. M., Ghosal, S. et al. (2016). Regulation of the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐adrenocortical stress response. Comprehensive Physiology, 6, 603621. 10.1002/cphy.c150015Google Scholar
Herringa, R. J., Burghy, C. A., Stodola, D. E., Fox, M. E., Davidson, R. J., & Essex, M. J. (2016). Enhanced prefrontal-amygdala connectivity following childhood adversity as a protective mechanism against internalizing in adolescence. Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, 1, 326334. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.03.003Google Scholar
Hoffman, K. T., Marvin, R. S., Cooper, G., & Powell, B. (2006). Changing toddlers’ and preschoolers’ attachment classifications: The Circle of Security intervention. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 74, 10171026. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006X.74.6.1017Google Scholar
Hughes, K., Bellis, M. A., Hardcastle, K. A. et al. (2017). The effect of multiple adverse childhood experiences on health: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Public Health, 2, e356e366. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2468–2667(17)30118-4Google Scholar
Hurd, N. M. & Sellers, R. M. (2013). Black adolescents’ relationships with natural mentors: Associations with academic engagement via social and emotional development. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 19, 7685. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/a0031095Google Scholar
Jankord, R. & Herman, J. P. (2008). Limbic regulation of hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical function during acute and chronic stress. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1148, 6473. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1410.012Google Scholar
Janoski, T. & Wilson, J. (1995). Pathways to voluntarism: Family socialization and status transmission models. Social Forces, 74, 271292.Google Scholar
Jiang, S., Postovit, L., Cattaneo, A., Binder, E. B., & Aitchison, K. J. (2019). Epigenetic modifications in stress response genes associated with childhood trauma. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 808. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00808Google Scholar
Kerker, B. D., Zhang, J., Nadeem, E. et al. (2015). Adverse childhood experiences and mental health, chronic medical conditions, and development in young children. Academic Pediatrics, 15, 510517. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2015.05.005Google Scholar
Kidman, R., Margolis, R., Smith-Greenaway, E., & Verdery, A. M. (2021). Estimates and projections of COVID-19 and parental death in the US. JAMA Pediatrics, 175, 745746. doi:10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.0161Google Scholar
Kopp, C. (1982). Antecedents of self-regulation: A developmental perspective. Developmental Psychology, 18, 199214. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.18.2.199Google Scholar
Kim, J. & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, Emotion regulation, peer relations, and psychopathology. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 51, 706716. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.xGoogle Scholar
Kumpfer, K. L., Whiteside, H. O., Greene, J. A., & Allen, K. C. (2010). Effectiveness outcomes of four age versions of the Strengthening Families Program in statewide field sites. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 14, 211229. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020602Google Scholar
Lacono, L. L. & Carola, V. (2018, May). The impact of adolescent stress experiences on neurobiological development. In Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology (pp. 93103). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.09.040Google Scholar
Lange, B. C., Callinan, L. S., & Smith, M. V. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and their relation to parenting stress and parenting practices. Community Mental Health Journal, 55, 651662. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10597–018-0331-zGoogle Scholar
Lee, K. & Markey, J. (2021). Effects of Adverse Childhood Experiences on eevelopmental outcomes for Head Start eligible low income Children. Journal of Social Service Research, 48, 118. https://doi.org/10.1080/01488376.2021.1951925Google Scholar
Lerner, R. M., Wang, J., Chase, P. A. et al. (2014). Using relational developmental systems theory to link program goals, activities, and outcomes: The sample case of the 4‐H Study of Positive Youth Development. New Directions for Youth Development, 2014, 1730.Google Scholar
Liming, K. W. & Grube, W. A. (2018). Wellbeing outcomes for children exposed to multiple adverse experiences in early childhood: A systematic review. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 35, 317335. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560–018-0532-xGoogle Scholar
Lev-Wiesel, R. & Sternberg, R. (2012). Victimized at home revictimized by peers: Domestic child abuse a risk factor for social rejection. Child and Adolescent Social Work Journal, 29, 203220. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10560–012-0258-0Google Scholar
Lomanowska, A. M., Boivin, M., Hertzman, C., & Fleming, A. S. (2017). Parenting begets parenting: A neurobiological perspective on early adversity and the transmission of parenting styles across generations. Neuroscience, 342, 120139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.029Get rights and contentGoogle Scholar
Luby, J. L., Tillman, R., & Barch, D. M. (2019). Association of timing of adverse childhood experiences and caregiver support with regionally specific brain development in adolescents. JAMA Network Open, 2, e1911426e1911426. 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.11426Google Scholar
Luthar, S. S. & Eisenberg, N. (2017). Resilient adaptation among at-risk children: Harnessing science toward maximizing salutary environments. Child Development, 88, 337349. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12737Google Scholar
Mann, T. D., Hund, A. M., Hesson‐McInnis, M. S., & Roman, Z. J. (2017). Pathways to school readiness: Executive functioning predicts academic and social–emotional aspects of school readiness. Mind, Brain, and Education, 11, 2131. https://doi.org/10.1111/mbe.12134Google Scholar
Masten, A. S. (2015). Ordinary magic: Resilience in development. Guilford Publications.Google Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (1998). Stress, adaptation, and disease: Allostasis and allostatic load. Annals of the New York academy of sciences, 840, 3344. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1998.tb09546.xGoogle Scholar
McEwen, B. S. (2012). Brain on stress: How the social environment gets under the skin. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, 1718017185. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121254109Google Scholar
McKelvey, L. M., Conners Edge, N. A., Fitzgerald, S., Kraleti, S., & Whiteside-Mansell, L. (2017). Adverse childhood experiences: Screening and health in children from birth to age 5. Families, Systems, & Health, 35, 420429. https://doi.org/10.1037/fsh0000301Google Scholar
Moore, K. A. & Ramirez, A. N. (2016). Adverse childhood experience and adolescent well-being: Do protective factors matter? Child Indicators Research, 9, 299316. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187–015-9324-4Google Scholar
Morris, A. S., Cui, L., & Steinberg, L. (2013). Parenting research and themes: What we have learned and where to go next. In Larzelere, R., Morris, A. S., & Harrist, A. W. (Eds.), Authoritative parenting: Nurturance and discipline for optimal child development (pp. 3558). APA Books.Google Scholar
Morris, A. S., Hays-Grudo, J., Kerr, K. L., & Beasley, L. O. (2021a). The heart of the matter: Developing the whole child through community resources and caregiver relationships. Development and Psychopathology, 33, 533544. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579420001595Google Scholar
Morris, A. S., Hays-Grudo, J., Zapata, M. I., Treat, A., & Kerr, K. L. (2021b). Adverse and protective childhood experiences and parenting attitudes: The role of cumulative protection in understanding resilience. Adversity and Resilience Science, 2, 112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42844–021-00036-8Google Scholar
Morris, A. S., Houltberg, B. J., Criss, M. M., Bosler, C. D. (2017a). Family context and psychopathology: The mediating role of childrens emotion regulation. In Centifanti, L. & Williams, D. (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell Handbook of Developmental Psychopathology (pp. 365389). Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Morris, A. S., Robinson, L. R., Hays‐Grudo, J., Claussen, A. H., Hartwig, S. A., & Treat, A. E. (2017b). Targeting parenting in early childhood: A public health approach to improve outcomes for children living in poverty. Child Development, 88, 388397. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12743Google Scholar
Narayan, A. J., Lieberman, A. F., & Masten, A. S. (2021). Intergenerational transmission and prevention of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). Clinical Psychology Review, 85, 101997. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2021.101997Google Scholar
Nelson, C. A., Thomas, K. M., & De Haan, M. (2012). Neuroscience of cognitive development: The role of experience and the developing brain. John Wiley & Sons.Google Scholar
Nemeroff, C. B. (2016). Paradise lost: The neurobiological and clinical consequences of child abuse and neglect. Neuron, 89, 892909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2016.01.019Google Scholar
Oshri, A., Gray, J. C., Owens, M. M. et al. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences and amygdalar reduction: High-resolution segmentation reveals associations with subnuclei and psychiatric outcomes. Child Maltreatment, 24, 400410. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519839491Google Scholar
Peverill, M., Sheridan, M. A., Busso, D. S., & McLaughlin, K. A. (2019). Atypical prefrontal–amygdala circuitry following childhood exposure to abuse: Links with adolescent psychopathology. Child Maltreatment, 24, 411423. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077559519852676Google Scholar
Prinz, R. J., Sanders, M. R., Shapiro, C. J., Whitaker, D. J., & Lutzker, J. R. (2009). Population-based prevention of child maltreatment: The US Triple P system population trial. Prevention Science, 10, 112. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-009-0123-3Google Scholar
Quinn, M., Gollooly, D., Kelly, S., Kolassa, J., Davis, E., & Jankowski, S. (2016). Evaluation of identified stressors in children and adolescents after Super Storm Sandy. Pediatric Nursing, 42, 235241.Google Scholar
Raver, C. C., Blair, , C., Garrett-Peters, , P., & Family Life Project Key Investigators. (2015). Poverty, household chaos, and interparental aggression predict children’s ability to recognize and modulate negative emotions. Development and Psychopathology, 27, 695708. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579414000935Google Scholar
Robinson, L. R., Hartwig, S. A., Smith, D. C., Lee, A. H., Forbes, L. W., & Perou, R. (2018). Supporting early social and emotional relationships through a public health parenting program: The Legacy for Children™ intervention. In Morris, A. S., & Williamson, A. C. (Eds.), Building early social and emotional relationships with infants and toddlers (pp. 183211). Springer.Google Scholar
Roth, M. C., Humphreys, K. L., King, L. S., & Gotlib, I. H. (2018). Self-reported neglect, amygdala volume, and symptoms of anxiety in adolescent boys. Child Abuse & Neglect, 80, 8089. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.03.016Google Scholar
Sanders, M. R. (2008). Triple P-Positive Parenting Program as a public health approach to strengthening parenting. Journal of Family Psychology, 22, 506517. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.22.3.506Google Scholar
Sharkey, C. M., Espeleta, H. C., Bakula, D. M. et al. (2020). Adverse childhood experiences: Non-medical trauma in the context of pediatric chronic illness. Children’s Health Care, 49, 4054. https://doi.org/10.1080/02739615.2018.1553677Google Scholar
Spagnola, M. & Fiese, B. H. (2007). Family routines and rituals: A context for development in the lives of young children. Infants & Young Children, 20, 284299. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.IYC.0000290352.32170.5aGoogle Scholar
Sparks, S. N., Tisch, R., & Gardner, M. (2013). Family-centered interventions for substance abuse in Hispanic communities. Journal of Ethnicity in Substance Abuse, 12, 6881. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332640.2013.759785Google Scholar
Sroufe, L. A. (2005). Attachment and development: A prospective, longitudinal study from birth to adulthood. Attachment & Human Development, 7, 349367.Google Scholar
Steele, H., Bate, J., Steele, M. et al. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences, poverty, and parenting stress. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 48, 3238. https://doi.org/10.1037/cbs0000034Google Scholar
Stempel, H., Cox-Martin, M., Bronsert, M., Dickinson, L. M., & Allison, M. A. (2017). Chronic school absenteeism and the role of adverse childhood experiences. Academic Pediatrics, 17, 837843. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2017.09.013Google Scholar
Teicher, M. H., Anderson, C. M., & Polcari, A. (2012). Childhood maltreatment is associated with reduced volume in the hippocampal subfields CA3, dentate gyrus, and subiculum. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109, e563e572. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1115396109Google Scholar
Teicher, M. H. & Samson, J. A. (2016). Annual research review: Enduring neurobiological effects of childhood abuse and neglect. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 57, 241266. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.12507Google Scholar
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Anderson, C. M., & Ohashi, K. (2016). The effects of childhood maltreatment on brain structure, function and connectivity. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 17, 652666. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn.2016.111Google Scholar
Teicher, M. H., Samson, J. A., Sheu, Y. S., Polcari, A., & McGreenery, C. E. (2010). Hurtful words: Association of exposure to peer verbal abuse with elevated psychiatric symptom scores and corpus callosum abnormalities. American Journal of Psychiatry, 167, 14641471. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2010.10010030Google Scholar
Tomoda, A., Suzuki, H., Rabi, K., Sheu, Y. S., Polcari, A., & Teicher, M. H. (2009). Reduced prefrontal cortical gray matter volume in young adults exposed to harsh corporal punishment. NeuroImage, 47, T66T71. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.03.005Google Scholar
Tottenham, N., Hare, T. A., Quinn, B. T. et al. (2010). Prolonged institutional rearing is associated with atypically large amygdala volume and difficulties in emotion regulation. Developmental Science, 13, 4661. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-7687.2009.00852.xGoogle Scholar
Treat, A. E., Sheffield Morris, A., Williamson, A. C., Hays-Grudo, J., & Laurin, D. (2019). Adverse childhood experiences, parenting, and child executive function. Early Child Development and Care, 189, 926937. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2017.1353978Google Scholar
Tyrka, A. R., Ridout, K. K., Parade, S. H., Paquette, A., Marsit, C. J., & Seifer, R. (2015). Childhood maltreatment and methylation of FK506 binding protein 5 gene (FKBP5). Development and Psychopathology, 27, 16371645. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000991Google Scholar
Ungar, M. (2012). Social ecologies and their contribution to resilience. In The social ecology of resilience (pp. 1331). Springer.Google Scholar
Wade, R., Shea, J. A., Rubin, D., & Wood, J. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences of low-income urban youth. Pediatrics, 134, e13e20. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-2475Google Scholar
Wakschlag, L. S. & Hans, S. L. (1999). Relation of maternal responsiveness during infancy to the development of behavior problems in high-risk youths. Developmental Psychology, 35, 569579. https://doi.org/10.1037/0012-1649.35.2.569Google Scholar
Weems, C. F., Russell, J. D., Herringa, R. J., & Carrion, V. G. (2021). Translating the neuroscience of adverse childhood experiences to inform policy and foster population-level resilience. American Psychologist, 76, 188202. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000780Google Scholar
Wegner, M., Amatriain-Fernández, S., Kaulitzky, A., Murillo-Rodriguez, E., Machado, S., & Budde, H. (2020). Systematic review of meta-analyses: Exercise effects on depression in children and adolescents. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 11, 81. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00081Google Scholar
World Health Organization (WHO). (2011). Report of the Pilot study review and finalization meeting for the Adverse Childhood Experiences International Questionnaire (ACE-IQ), May 4 –5, WHO Headquarters, Geneva, Switzerland.Google Scholar
Yamaoka, Y. & Bard, D. E. (2019). Positive parenting matters in the face of early adversity. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 56, 530539. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2018.11.018Google Scholar
Zare, M., Narayan, M., Lasway, A., Kitsantas, P., Wojtusiak, J., & Oetjen, C. A. (2018). Influence of adverse childhood experiences on anxiety and depression in children aged 6 to 11 years. Pediatric Nursing, 44, 267275.Google Scholar
Zarobey, L. & Bungay, H. (2017). The role of arts activities in developing resilience and mental wellbeing in children and young people a rapid review of the literature. Perspectives in Public Health, 137, 337347. https://doi.org/10.1177/1757913917712283Google Scholar
Zhai, Z. W., Yip, S. W., Lacadie, C. M., Sinha, R., Mayes, L. C., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). Childhood trauma moderates inhibitory control and anterior cingulate cortex activation during stress. NeuroImage, 185, 111118. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.10.049Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×