Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-t7fkt Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T03:34:01.878Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

5.2 - Parenting

from Part V - Civil Proceedings

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  02 December 2021

By
Christine Puckering
Edited by
Jennifer M. Brown  and
Miranda A. H. Horvath
Jennifer M. Brown
Affiliation:
London School of Economics and Political Science
Miranda A. H. Horvath
Affiliation:
University of Suffolk
Get access

Summary

The chapter examines the role of parents in the welfare and upbringing of children, including parents’ own history and mental health and how and when psychologists might be asked to prepare a report on parenting and parent capacity. The chapter describes the changing demands as the baby grows and eventually becomes an adolescent, along with possible interventions at various ages, with attachment as a helpful overarching theory, both in the parent’s history and the current environment of the child. The importance of cultural expectations, genetics and environment are examined. Materials and measures are suggested as helpful in the reliable and valid assessment of parenting and a framework for the preparation of a report on parenting is described.

Keywords

Assessment of ParentingParenting CapacityChild Welfare ModelsTests of ParentingParenting Interventions
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Forensic Psychology , pp. 658 - 683
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2021

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

AACAP Official Action. (1997). Practice parameters for child custody evaluation. Journal of the American Academy Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 38(10), 57–58s.Google Scholar
Abar, C., & Turrisi, R. (2008). How important are parents during the college years? A longitudinal perspective of indirect influences parents yield on their college teens’ alcohol use. Addictive Behaviors, 33, 1360–1368.Google Scholar
Abidin, R., Flens, J. R., & Austin, W. G. (2006). The Parenting Stress Index. Pediatric Psychology Press.Google Scholar
Ainsworth, M. D. S., Blehar, M. C., Waters, E., & Wall, S. N. (1978). Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation. Psychology Press.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Pub.Google Scholar
Arseneault, L., Moffitt, T. E., Caspi, A., Taylor, P. J., & Silva, P. A. (2000). Mental disorders and violence in a total birth cohort: Results from the Dunedin study. Archives of General Psychiatry, 57, 979–986.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Augimeri, L. K., Farrington, D. P., Koegl, C. J., & Day, D. M. (2007). The SNAP Under 12 Outreach Project: Effects of a community based program for children with conduct problems. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 16(6), 799–807.Google Scholar
Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., & Juffer, F. (2003). Less is more: Meta-analyses of sensitivity and attachment interventions in early childhood. Psychological Bulletin, 129(2), 195.Google Scholar
Barlow, J., Coren, E., & Stewart‐Brown, S. (2003). Parent‐training programmes for improving maternal psychosocial health. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 1–98.Google Scholar
Barlow, J., Coren, E., & Stewart‐Brown, S. (2005). Parent‐training programmes for improving maternal psychosocial health. Campbell Systematic Reviews, 1(1), 1–104.Google Scholar
Barlow, J., & Parsons, J. (2007). Group-based parent-training programmes for improving emotional and behavioural adjustment in 0–3 year old children. Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1–37Google Scholar
Barlow, J., Coren, E., & Stewart-Brown, S. S. B. (2007). Parent-training programmes for improving maternal psychosocial health. Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2, 1–104Google Scholar
Barlow, J., Johnston, I., Kendrick, D., Polnay, L., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). Individual and group-based parenting programmes for the treatment of physical child abuse and neglect. Cochrane Developmental, Psychosocial and Learning Problems Group Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2.Google Scholar
Bartholomew, K., & Horowitz, L. M. (1991). Attachment styles among young adults: A test of a four-category model. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 61, 226–244.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Beck, A. T., Brown, G., Epstein, N., & Steer, R. A. (1988). An inventory for measuring clinical anxiety: Psychometric properties. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(6), 893–897.Google Scholar
Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., & Brown, G. K. (1996). BDI-II manual. The Psychological Corporation.Google Scholar
Behrendt, S., Wittchen, H. U., Höfler, M., Lieb, R., & Beesdo, K. (2009). Transitions from first substance use to substance use disorders in adolescence: Is early onset associated with a rapid escalation? Drug and Alcohol Dependence, 99, 68–78.Google Scholar
Bene, E., & Anthony, J. (1957). Family Relations Test: An objective technique for exploring emotional attitudes in children. NFER.Google Scholar
Bene, E., & Anthony, E. J. (1978). Bene-Anthony family relations test. NFER.Google Scholar
Benoit, D., Zeanah, C. H., Parker, K. C., Nicholson, E., & Coolbear, J. (1997). “Working model of the child interview”: Infant clinical status related to maternal perceptions. Infant Mental Health Journal, 18(1), 107–121.Google Scholar
Bereson, I. (1989). Decades of change: Australia in the twentieth century. Heinemann Educational Australia.Google Scholar
Bernet, W., Wambolt, M. Z., & Narrow, W. (2016). Children affected by parental relationship distress. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 55(7), 571–579.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Black, K., & Lobo, M. (2008). A conceptual review of family resilience factors. Journal of Family Nursing, 14(1), 33–55.Google Scholar
Booth, T., & Booth, W. (1994). Parenting under pressure: mothers and fathers with learning difficulties. Open University Press.Google Scholar
Booth, T., & Booth, W. (2005). Parents with learning difficulties in the child protection system: Experiences and perspectives. Journal of Intellectual Disabilities, 9(2), 109–129.Google Scholar
Bradley, R. H., Caldwell, B. M., & Rock, S. L. (1988). Home environment and school performance: A ten-year follow-up and examination of three models of environmental action. Child Development, 852–867.Google Scholar
Bradley, R., & Corwyn, R. (2005). Caring for children around the world: A view from HOME. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 29(6), 468–478.Google Scholar
Bretherton, I., & Oppenheim, D. (2003). The MacArthur Story Stem Battery: Development, administration, reliability, validity, and reflections about meaning. Revealing the Inner Worlds of Young Children: The MacArthur Story Stem Battery and Parent-Child Narratives, 55, 80.Google Scholar
British Psychological Society. (2018). Code of Ethics and Conduct. www.bps.org.uk/news-and-policy/bps-code-ethics-and-conductGoogle Scholar
Brown, S., & Tapert, S. F. (2004). Adolescence and the trajectory of alcohol use: Basic to clinical studies. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1021, 234–244.Google Scholar
Buti, A. (2002). The removal of Aboriginal children: Canada and Australia Compared. University of Sydney Law Review, 26(1), 25–37Google Scholar
Caldwell, B. M., & Bradley, R. H. (1984). Home observation for the measurement of the environment: Administration manual (rev. ed.). University of Arkansas.Google Scholar
Carpenter, G. L., & Stacks, A. M. (2009). Developmental effects of exposure to Intimate Partner Violence in early childhood: a review of the literature. Children and Youth Services Review, 31, 831–839.Google Scholar
Children and Young People (Scotland) Act Scottish Government. (2014). Children and Young People (Scotland) Act 2014 (asp 8). National Archives.Google Scholar
Chugani, H. T., Behen, M. E., Muzik, O., Juhasz, C., Nagy, F., & Chugani, D. C. (2001). Local brain functional activity following early deprivation: A study of postinstitutionalized Romanian orphans. NeuroImage, 14, 1290–1301.Google Scholar
Coghill, S. R., Caplan, H. L., Alexander, H., Robson, K., & Kumar, R. (1986). Impact of maternal depression in cognitive development of young children. BMJ, 292, 1165–1167.Google Scholar
Colonnesi, C., Zeegers, M. A., Majdandžić, M., van Steensel, F. J., & Bögels, S. M. (2019). Fathers’ and mothers’ early mind-mindedness predicts social competence and behavior problems in childhood. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 47(9), 1421–1435.Google Scholar
Comfort, M., & Gordon, P. R. (2006). The Keys to Interactive Parenting Scale (KIPS): A practical observational assessment of parenting behavior. NHSA Dialog, 9(1), 22–48.Google Scholar
Comfort, M., Gordon, P. R., & Naples, D. (2011). KIPS: An evidence-based tool for assessing parenting strengths and needs in diverse families. Infants & Young Children, 24(1), 56–74.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Cox, A. D., & Bentovim, A. (2000). Framework for the assessment of children in need and their families policy and guidance. Stationery Office.Google Scholar
Creighton, S. M., Samuel, Z., Otoo-Oyortey, N., & Hodes, D. (2019). Tackling female genital mutilation in the UK. BMJ, 36, 115.Google Scholar
Crittenden, P. M. (2005). Der CARE-Index als Hilfsmittel für Früherkennung. Intervention.Google Scholar
Crnic, K., & Greenberg, M. (2012). Parenting daily hassles scale. Arizona State University.Google Scholar
Crowell, J. A., & Feldman, S. S. (1988). Mothers’ internal models of relationships and children’s behavioral and developmental status: A study of mother-child interaction. Child Development, 59(5), 1273–1285.Google Scholar
Crowell, J. A., & Feldman, S. S. (1991). Mothers’ working models of attachment relationships and mother and child behavior during separation and reunion. Developmental Psychology, 27(4), 597.Google Scholar
Crowell, J. A., Feldman, S. S., & Ginsberg, N. (1988). Assessment of mother-child interaction in preschoolers with behavior problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 27(3), 303–311.Google Scholar
Davie, C. E., Hutt, S. J., Vincent, E., & Mason, M. (1983). The family cleanliness scale. In The young child at home. NFER/Nelson.Google Scholar
Eckenrode, J., Campa, M., Luckey, D. W., Henderson, C. R., Cole, R., Kitzman, H., Anson, E., Sidora-Arcoleo, K., Powers, J., & Olds, D. (2010). Long-term effects of prenatal and infancy nurse home visitation on the life course of youths. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 164(1), 9–15Google Scholar
Farrington, D. P. (1995). The development of offending and antisocial behaviour from childhood: Key findings from the Cambridge Study in Delinquent Development. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 6(36), 929–964.Google Scholar
Fonagy, P., Steele, H., & Steele, M. (1991). Maternal representations of attachment during pregnancy predict the organization of infant‐mother attachment at one year of age. Child Development, 62(5), 891–905.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A. (1987). The parental alienation syndrome and the differentiation between fabricated and genuine child sex abuse. Creative Therapeutics.Google Scholar
Gardner, R. A., Sauber, S. R., & Lorandos, D. (Eds.). (2006). The international handbook of parental alienation syndrome: Conceptual, clinical and legal considerations (Vol. 1108). Charles C Thomas.Google Scholar
Ghate, D., & Ramella, M. (2002). Positive parenting: The National Evaluation of the youth justice board’s parenting programme. Policy Research Bureau.Google Scholar
Goodman, A., & Goodman, R. (2012). Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire scores and mental health in looked after children. British Journal of Psychiatry, 200(5), 426–427.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Grant, J. E., & Kim, S. W. (2002). Parental bonding in pathological gambling disorder. Psychiatric Quarterly, 73(3), 239–247.Google Scholar
Habib, C., Santoro, J., Kremer, P., Toumbourou, J., Leslie, E., & Williams, J. (2010). The importance of family management, closeness with father and family structure in early adolescent alcohol use. Addiction, 105, 1750–1758.Google Scholar
Harman, J. J., Kruk, E. & Hines, D. A. (2018). Parental alienating behaviors: an unacknowledged form of family violence. Psychological Bulletin, 144(12) 1275–1299.Google Scholar
Henggeler, S. W., Schoenwald, S. K., Borduin, C. M., Rowland, M. D., & Cunningham, P. B. (2009). Multisystemic therapy for antisocial behavior in children and adolescents. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Hesse, E. (1999). The adult attachment interview. In Handbook of attachment: Theory, research, and clinical applications (p. 236). Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Holmes, M. R. (2013). Aggressive behaviour of children exposed to intimate partner violence: An examination of maternal mental health, maternal warmth and child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37, 520–530.Google Scholar
Homes, M. R. (2013). The sleeper effect of intimate partner violence exposure: long term consequences on young children’s aggressive behaviour. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 54(9), 986–995.Google Scholar
Hong, G. K., & Hong, L. K. (1991). Comparative perspectives on child abuse and neglect: Chinese vs Hispanics and Whites. Child Welfare, 70, 463–471.Google Scholar
Huey, S. J. Jr., Henggeler, S. W., Brondino, M. J., & Pickrel, S. G. (2000). Mechanisms of change in multisystemic therapy: reducing delinquent behavior through therapist adherence and improved family and peer functioning. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(3), 451.Google Scholar
Institute for Research and Innovation in Social Services. (2007) https://content.iriss.org.uk/assessment/triangle.htmlGoogle Scholar
Kelly-Irving, M., & Delpierre, C. (2019). A critique of the adverse childhood experiences framework in epidemiology and public health: uses and misuses. Social Policy and Society, 18(3) 445–456.Google Scholar
Littell, J. H., Campbell, M., Green, S., & Toews, B. (2005). Multisystemic therapy for social, emotional, and behavioral problems in youth aged 10–17. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 4, 1–63Google Scholar
Milner, J. S. (1986). The child abuse potential inventory: Manual. Psytec.Google Scholar
Milroy, J. A. (2017). A national crime: the Canadian government and the residential school system, 1879 to 1986. University of Manitoba Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Murray, L., Hipwell, A., Hooper, R., Stein, A., & Cooper, P. (1996). The cognitive development of 5‐year‐old children of postnatally depressed mothers. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 37(8), 927–935.Google Scholar
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (2017) Antisocial behaviour and conduct disorders in children and young people: recognition and management. Clinical guideline [CG158].Google Scholar
Neppl, T. K., Diggs, O. N., & Cleveland, M. J. (2020). The intergenerational transmission of harsh parenting, substance use, and emotional distress: Impact on the third-generation child. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 33–47.Google Scholar
O’Connor, T. G., Heron, J., Glover, V., & ALSPAC Study Team. (2002). Antenatal anxiety predicts child behavioral/emotional problems independently of postnatal depression. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 41(12), 1470–1477.Google Scholar
O’Hara, M. W., & Swain, A. M. (1996). Rates and risk of postpartum depression – a meta-analysis. International Review of Psychiatry, 8(1), 37–54.Google Scholar
Olds, D. L., Henderson, C. R., Chamberlin, R., & Tatelbaum, R. (1986). Preventing child abuse and neglect: a randomized trial of nurse home visitation. Pediatrics, 78(1), 65–78.Google Scholar
Otto, R. K., & Edens, J. F. (2003). Parenting capacity. In Grisso, T. (Ed.), Evaluating competencies: Forensic assessments and instruments (2nd ed., pp. 229–307). Kluwer/Plenum.Google Scholar
Patterson, G. R., DeBaryshe, B. D., & Ramsey, E. (2017). A developmental perspective on antisocial behavior. In Developmental and life-course criminological theories (pp. 29–35). Routledge.Google Scholar
Piccinelli, M., Tessari, E., Bortolomasi, M., Piasere, O., Semenzin, M., Garzotto, N., & Tansella, M. (1997). Efficacy of the alcohol use disorders identification test as a screening tool for hazardous alcohol intake and related disorders in primary care: A validity study. BMJ, 314(7078), 420.Google Scholar
Puckering, C., Allely, C. S., Doolin, O., Purves, D., McConnachie, A., Johnson, P. C., Marwick, H., Heron, J., Golding, J., Gillberg, C., & Wilson, P. (2014). Association between parent-infant interactions in infancy and disruptive behaviour disorders at age seven: A nested, case–control ALSPAC study. BMC Pediatrics, 14(1), 223.Google Scholar
Puckering, C., Mackintosh, E., Hickey, A. & Longford, A. (2010) Mellow babies: A group intervention for infants and mothers experiencing postnatal depression. Counselling Psychology Review, 25(1), 28–40.Google Scholar
Ravitz, P., Maunder, R., Hunter, J., Sthankiya, B., & Lancee, W. (2010). Adult attachment measures: A 25-year review. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 69, 419–432.Google Scholar
Robb, A. (2006). Strategies to address clinical bias in the child custody evaluation process. Journal of Child Custody, 3(2), 45–69.Google Scholar
Robling, M., Bekkers, M.-J., Bell, K., Butler, C. C., Cannings-John, R., Channon, S., Martin, B. C., Gregory, J. W., Hood, K., Kemp, A., Kenkre, J., Montgomery, A. A., Moody, G., Owen-Jones, E., Pickett, K., Richardson, G., Roberts, Z. E. S., Ronaldson, S., Sanders, J., & Torgerson, D. (2016). Effectiveness of a nurse-led intensive home-visitation programme for first-time teenage mothers (Building Blocks): A pragmatic randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 387(10014), 146–155.Google Scholar
Rouland, B., Vaithianathan, R., Wilson, D., & Putnam-Hornstein, E. (2019). Ethnic disparities in childhood prevalence of maltreatment: Evidence from a New Zealand birth cohort. Americal Journal of Public Health, 109(9),1255–1257.Google Scholar
Sanders, M. R., Markie-Dadds, C., Tully, L. A., & Bor, W. (2000). The triple P-positive parenting program: a comparison of enhanced, standard, and self-directed behavioral family intervention for parents of children with early onset conduct problems. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 68(4), 624.Google Scholar
Schore, A. N. (1997). Early organization of the nonlinear right brain and development of a predisposition to psychiatric disorders. Development and Psychopathology, 9(4), 595–631.Google Scholar
Scottish Executive. (2005). Integrated Assessment Framework. Scottish Executive.Google Scholar
Sigfúsdóttir, I. D., Kristjánsson, A. L., & Allegrante, J. P. (2007). Health behaviour and academic achievement in Icelandic school children. Health Education Research, 22, 70–80.Google Scholar
Snaith, R. P., Constantopoulos, A. A., Jardine, M. Y., & McGuffin, P. (1978). A clinical scale for the self-assessment of irritability. British Journal of Psychiatry, 132, 164–171.Google Scholar
Social Care Institute for Excellence. (2005). SCIE Research briefing 14: Helping parents with learning disabilities in their role as parents. www.scie.org.uk/publications/briefings/briefing14/Google Scholar
Steele, H., Bate, J., Steele, M., Dube, S. R., Danskin, K., Knafo, H., Nikitiades, A., Bonuck, K., Meissner, P., & Murphy, A. (2016). Adverse childhood experiences, poverty, and parenting stress. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 48(1), 32.Google Scholar
Svanberg, P. O. (2009). Promoting a secure attachment through early screening and interventions. In Barlow, J. & Svanberg, P. O. (Eds.), Keeping the baby in mind: infant mental health in practice (pp. 100–113). Routledge.Google Scholar
Svanberg, P. O., Barlow, J., & Tigbe, W. (2013). The Parent–Infant Interaction Observation Scale: reliability and validity of a screening tool. Journal of Reproductive and Infant Psychology, 31(1), 5–14.Google Scholar
Tarleton, B., & Turner, W. (2016). Mellow Futures pilot programmes in England and Scotland: Short joint report. School for Policy Studies, University of Bristol.Google Scholar
Tarleton, B., Ward, L., & Howarth, J. (2006). Finding the right support? A review of issues and positive practice in supporting parents with learning difficulties and their children. The Baring Foundation.Google Scholar
US Government Accounting Office. (2007). African American children in foster care. www.gao.gov/newitems/d07816.pdfGoogle Scholar
UK Government. (2011). Ethnicity facts and figures. www.ethnicity-facts-figures.service.gov.uk/Google Scholar
UK Government Statistics. (2019). Statistics: children in need and child protection. www.gov.uk/government/collections/statistics-children-in-needGoogle Scholar
Van der Vorst, H., Engels, R. C. M. E., Meeus, W., Dekovic, M., & Van Leeuwe, J. (2005). The role of alcohol-specific socialization in adolescents’ drinking behaviour. Addiction, 100, 1464–1476.Google Scholar
Viding, E., Frick, P. J., & Plomin, R. (2007). Aetiology of the relationship between callous-unemotional traits and conduct problems in childhood. British Journal of Psychiatry, 49, 33–38.Google Scholar
Webster-Stratton, C. (1998). Parent training with low-income families. In Handbook of child abuse research and treatment (pp. 183–210). Springer.Google Scholar
Weissman, M. M., Paykel, E. S., & Klerman, G. L. (1972). The depressed woman as a mother. Social Psychiatry, 7(2), 98–108.Google Scholar
Westrupp, E. M., Brown, S., Woolhouse, H., Gartland, D., & Nicholson, J. M. (2018). Repeated early-life exposure to inter-parental conflict increases risk of preadolescent mental health problems. European Journal of Pediatrics, 177, 419–427.Google Scholar
Wilson, D., Mikahere-Hall, A., Jackson, D., Cootes, K., & Sherwood, J. (2019). Aroha and Manaakitanga – that’s what it is about: indigenous women, “love,” and interpersonal violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 36(19/20), 9808–9837.Google Scholar
Wilson, S.R. Rack, J. J., Shi, X., & Norris, A. M. (2008). Comparing physically abusive, neglectful and non-maltreating parents during interactions with their children: a meta-analysis of observational studies. Child Abuse and Neglect, 32, 897–911.Google Scholar
Wootton, J. M., Frick, P. J., Shelton, K. K., & Silverthorn, P. (1997). Ineffective parenting and childhood conduct problems: the moderating role of callous-unemotional traits. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 65(2), 301.Google Scholar
Yanez, Y. T., & Fremouw, W. (2004). The application of the Daubert standard to parenting capacity measures. American Journal of Forensic Psychology, 22, 5–29.Google Scholar
Zeanah, C. H., Boris, N. W., Heller, S. S., Hinshaw‐Fuselier, S., Larrieu, J. A., Lewis, M., Palomino, R., Rovaris, M., & Valliere, J. (1997). Relationship assessment in infant mental health. Infant Mental Health Journal, 18(2), 182–197.Google Scholar
Zeanah, C. H., Larrieu, J. A., Heller, S. S., Valliere, J., Hinshaw-Fuselier, S., Aoki, Y., & Drilling, M. (2001). Evaluation of a preventive intervention for maltreated infants and toddlers in foster care. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 40(2), 214–221.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×