Skip to main content Accessibility help

We use cookies to distinguish you from other users and to provide you with a better experience on our websites. Close this message to accept cookies or find out how to manage your cookie settings.

Close cookie message
×
Hostname: page-component-cd9895bd7-8ctnn Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-12-12T08:52:05.833Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

34 - Interventions for Addictive Behaviors in Cyberspace

from Part IV - Effects in Cyber Behavior

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  06 December 2024

By
Wen Li (Vivien) Anthony  and
Eric Garland
Edited by
Zheng Yan
Zheng Yan
Affiliation:
University at Albany, State University of New York
Get access

Summary

1 Introduction

2 Background of Addictive and Problematic Cyber Behaviors

3 Definitions of Addictive and Problematic Cyber Behaviors

4 Screening, Diagnosis, and Assessment

5 Intervention

 5.1 Mindfulness-Based Interventions

 5.2 Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy

 5.3 Motivational Interviewing

 5.4 Family-Based Interventions

 5.5 Medication-Assisted Treatment

6 Future Directions

Keywords

internet addictionproblematic internet useinternet gaming disorderproblematic social media useassessmentscreening instrumentsmindfulness-based interventionscognitive-behavioral interventionsfamily-based interventionsmediation-assisted interventions
Type
Chapter
Information
The Cambridge Handbook of Cyber Behavior , pp. 1035 - 1057
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

American Psychiatric Association (1994). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed.). APA.Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). APA.Google Scholar
Andreassen, C. S., Billieux, J., Griffiths, M. D., Kuss, D. J., Demetrovics, Z., Mazzoni, E., & Pallesen, S. (2016). The relationship between addictive use of social media and video games and symptoms of psychiatric disorders: A large-scale cross-sectional study. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 30(2), 252–262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000160CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501–517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.PR0.110.2.501-517CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Anthony, W. L., & Anthony, B. (2017). Internet and video game addiction. In Mullen, E. J. (Ed.), Oxford bibliographies in social work. Oxford University Press.Google Scholar
Anthony, W. L. V., Mills, D., & Nower, L. (2020). Internet Gaming Disorder and problematic technology use. In Begun &, A. L. Murray, M. M. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of social work and addictive behaviors (pp. 142–155). Routledge.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Brand, M., Wegmann, E., Stark, R., Müller, A., Wölfling, K., Robbins, T. W., & Potenza, M. N. (2019). The Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model for addictive behaviors: Update, generalization to addictive behaviors beyond internet-use disorders, and specification of the process character of addictive behaviors. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 104, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.06.032CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Brand, M., Young, K. S., Laier, C., Wölfling, K., & Potenza, M. N. (2016). Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific internet-use disorders: An Interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 71, 252–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.08.033CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Cao, H., Sun, Y., Wan, Y., Hao, J., & Tao, F. (2011). Problematic internet use in Chinese adolescents and its relation to psychosomatic symptoms and life satisfaction. BMC Public Health, 11(1), 802. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-802CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, S. E. (2002). Problematic internet use and psychosocial well-being: Development of a theory-based cognitive-behavioral measurement instrument. Computers in Human Behavior, 18, 553–575. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(02)00004-3CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, S. E. (2003). Preference for online social interaction: A theory of problematic internet use and psychosocial well-being. Communication Research, 30(6), 625–648. https://doi.org/10.1177/0093650203257842CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, S. E. (2005). A social skill account of problematic internet use. Journal of Communication, 55, 721–736. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2466.2005.tb03019.xCrossRefGoogle Scholar
Caplan, S. E. (2007). Relations among loneliness, social anxiety, and problematic internet use. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10, 234–242. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9963CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Caplan, S. E. (2010). Theory and measurement of generalized problematic internet use: A two-step approach. Computers in Human Behavior, 26, 1098–1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.012CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Chang, F. C., Chiu, C. H., Chen, P. H., Chiang, J. T., Miao, N. F., Chuang, H. Y., & Liu, S. (2019). Children’s use of mobile devices, smartphone addiction and parental mediation in Taiwan. Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 25–32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2018.11.048CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Clement, J. (September 8, 2020). Internet usage worldwide – Statistics & factors. Retrieved from www.statista.com/topics/1145/internet-usage-worldwide/Google Scholar
Davis, R. A. (2001). A cognitive-behavioral model of pathological internet use. Computers in Human Behavior, 17, 187–195. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0747-5632(00)00041-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Davis, R. A., Flett, G. L., & Besser, A. (2002). Validation of a new scale for measuring problematic internet use: Implications for pre-employment screening. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 5(4), 331–345. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493102760275581CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Decker, S. A., & Gay, J. N. (2011). Cognitive-bias toward gaming-related words and disinhibition in World of Warcraft gamers. Computers in Human Behavior, 27, 2, 798–810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.005CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Du, Y., Jiang, W., & Vance, A. (2010). Longer-term effect of randomized, controlled group cognitive behavioural therapy for internet addiction in adolescent students in Shanghai. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry, 44, 2, 129–134. https://doi.org/10.3109/00048670903282725CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fam, J. Y. (2018). Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in adolescents: A meta‐analysis across three decades. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(5), 524–531. https://doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12459CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Fisher, S. (1994). Identifying video game addiction in children and adolescents. Addictive Behaviors, 19, 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1016/0306-4603(94)90010-8CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garland, E. L. (2013). Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for addiction, stress, and pain. NASW Press.Google Scholar
Garland, E. L. (2016). Restructuring reward processing with mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement: Novel therapeutic mechanisms to remediate hedonic dysregulation in addiction, stress, and pain. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1373 (1), 25–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/nyas.13034CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Garland, E., Froeliger, B., & Howard, M. (2014). Mindfulness training targets neurocognitive mechanisms of addiction at the attention–appraisal–emotion interface. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 4, 173. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2013.00173CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Goldberg, I. (1996). Internet Addictive Disorder (IAD) diagnostic criteria. Retrieved from www.webcitation.org/query?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.psycom.net%2Fiadcriteria.html&date=2013‐02‐06Google Scholar
Griffiths, M. D. (1996). Internet addiction: An issue for clinical psychology? Clinical Psychology Forum, 97, 32–36.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, M. D. (2003). Internet gambling: Issues, concerns, and recommendations. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 6(6), 557–568. https://doi.org/10.1089/109493103322725333CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, M. D. (2005). A “components” model of addiction within a biopsychosocial framework. Journal of Substance Use, 10, 191–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/14659890500114359CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Griffiths, M. D. (2018). Conceptual issues concerning internet addiction and internet gaming disorder: Further critique on Ryding and Kaye (2017). International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16(1), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9818-zCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Griffiths, M. D., Van Rooij, A. J., Kardefelt‐Winther, D., Starcevic, V., Király, O., Pallesen, S., … & King, D. L. (2016). Working towards an international consensus on criteria for assessing internet gaming disorder: A critical commentary on Petry et al. (2014). Addiction, 111(1), 167–175. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13057CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, D. H., Bolo, N., Daniels, M. A., Arenella, L., Lyoo, I. K., & Renshaw, P. F. (2011). Brain activity and desire for internet video game play. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 52, 88–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.04.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, D. H., Hwang, J. W., & Renshaw, P. F. (2010). Bupropion sustained release treatment decreases craving for video games and cue-induced brain activity in patients with internet video game addiction. Experimental and Clinical Psychopharmacology, 18, 297–304. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0020023CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, D. H., Kim, S. M., Lee, Y. S., & Renshaw, P. F. (2012). The effect of family therapy on the changes in the severity of on-line game play and brain activity in adolescents with on-line game addiction. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 202(2), 126–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pscychresns.2012.02.011CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Han, D. H., & Renshaw, P. F. (2012). Bupropion in the treatment of problematic online game play in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 26(5), 689–696. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269881111400647CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Hou, H., Jia, S., Hu, S., Fan, R., Sun, W., Sun, T., & Zhang, H. (2012). Reduced striatal dopamine transporters in people with internet addiction disorder. BioMed Research International, 2012, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/854524Google ScholarPubMed
Kabat-Zinn, J. (2003). Mindfulness-based interventions in context: Past, present, and future. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 10(2), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.bpg016Google Scholar
Kalmus, V., Blinka, L., & Olafsson, K. (2015). Does it matter what mama says? Evaluating the role of parental mediation in European adolescents’ excessive internet use. Children & Society, 29(2), 122–133. https://doi.org/10.1111/chso.12020CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kemp, S. (July 21, 2020). Digital 2020: July global statshot. Retrieved from https://datareportal.com/reports/digital-2020-july-global-statshotGoogle Scholar
Kim, S. M., Han, D. H., Lee, Y. S., & Renshaw, P. F. (2012). Combined cognitive-behavioral therapy and bupropion for the treatment of problematic on-line game play in adolescents with major depressive disorder. Computers in Human Behavior, 28, 1954–1959. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2012.05.015CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2014). The cognitive psychology of internet gaming disorder. Clinical Psychology Review, 34(4), 298–308. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2014.03.006CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2016a). The cognitive psychopathology of internet gaming disorder in adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 44(8), 1635–1645. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-016-0135-yCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2016b). Defining tolerance in Internet Gaming Disorder: Isn’t it time? Addiction, 111(11), 2064–2065. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.13448CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2018). The concept of “harm” in internet gaming disorder. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 7(3), 562–564. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.7.2018.24CrossRefGoogle Scholar
King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Griffiths, M. D., & Gradisar, M. (2012). Cognitive‐behavioral approaches to outpatient treatment of internet addiction in children and adolescents. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 68(11), 1185–1195. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21918.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
King, D. L., Delfabbro, P. H., Wu, A. M., Doh, Y. Y., Kuss, D. J., Pallesen, S., … & Sakuma, H. (2017). Treatment of internet gaming disorder: An international systematic review and CONSORT evaluation. Clinical Psychology Review, 54, 123–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2017.04.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ko, C. H., Liu, G. C., Hsiao, S., Yen, J. Y., Yang, M. J., Lin, W. C., … & Chen, C. S. (2009). Brain activities associated with gaming urge of online gaming addiction. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 43, 739–747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2008.09.012CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ko, C. H., Liu, G. C., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. S., & Lin, W. C. (2013). The brain activations for both cue-induced gaming urge and smoking craving among subjects comorbid with internet gaming addiction and nicotine dependence. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47, 486–493. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Ko, C. H., Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Lin, H. C., & Yang, M. J. (2007). Factors predictive for incidence and remission of internet addiction in young adolescents: A prospective study. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(4), 545–551. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9992CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Kwon, M., Lee, J. Y., Won, W. Y., Park, J. W., Min, J. A., Hahn, C., … & Kim, D. J. (2013). Development and validation of a smartphone addiction scale (SAS). PLoS ONE, 8, e56936. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0056936Google ScholarPubMed
LaRose, R., & Eastin, M. S. (2004). A social cognitive theory of internet uses and gratifications: Toward a new model of media attendance. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media, 48, 358–377. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15506878jobem4803_2CrossRefGoogle Scholar
LaRose, R., Lin, C. A., & Eastin, M. S. (2003). Unregulated internet usage: Addiction, habit or deficient self-regulation? Media Psychology, 5, 225–253. https://doi.org/10.1207/S1532785XMEP0503_01CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lee, H., Seo, M. J., & Choi, T. Y. (2016). The effect of home-based daily journal writing in Korean adolescents with smartphone addiction. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 31(5), 764–769. https://doi.org/10.3346/jkms.2016.31.5.764CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lemmens, J. S., Valkenburg, P. M., & Gentile, D. A. (2015). The internet gaming disorder scale. Psychological Assessment, 27(2), 567–582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/pas0000062CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Leung, H., Pakpour, A. H., Strong, C., Lin, Y. C., Tsai, M. C., Griffiths, M. D., … & Chen, I. H. (2020). Measurement invariance across young adults from Hong Kong and Taiwan among three internet-related addiction scales: Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS), Smartphone Application-Based Addiction Scale (SABAS), and Internet Gaming Disorder Scale-Short Form (IGDS-SF9) (Study Part A). Addictive Behaviors, 101, 105969. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.04.027CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2014). Family factors in internet addiction among Chinese youth: A systematic review of English- and Chinese-language studies. Computers in Human Behavior, 31, 393–411. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.004CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W., Garland, E. L., McGovern, P., O’brien, J. E., Tronnier, C., & Howard, M. O. (2017). Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for internet gaming disorder in US adults: A stage I randomized controlled trial. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 31(4), 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/adb0000269CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, W., Garland, E. L., O’Brien, J. E., Tronnier, C., McGovern, P., Anthony, B., & Howard, M. O. (2018a). Mindfulness-oriented recovery enhancement for video game addiction in emerging adults: Preliminary findings from case reports. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 16, 928–945. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-017-9765-8CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Li, W., Garland, E. L., & Howard, M. O. (2018b). Therapeutic mechanisms of Mindfulness-Oriented Recovery Enhancement for internet gaming disorder: Reducing craving and addictive behavior by targeting cognitive processes. Journal of Addictive Diseases, 37(1–2), 5–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/10550887.2018.1442617CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Li, W., Howard, M. O., Garland, E. L., McGovern, P., & Lazar, M. (2017). Mindfulness treatment for substance misuse: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, 75, 62–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsat.2017.01.008CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Littel, M., Van den Berg, I., Luijten, M., Van Rooij, A. J., Keemink, L., & Franken, I. H. (2012). Error processing and response inhibition in excessive computer game players: An event‐related potential study. Addiction Biology, 17(5), 934–947. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00467.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Liu, Q. X., Fang, X. Y., Yan, N., Zhou, Z. K., Yuan, X. J., Lan, J., & Liu, C. Y. (2015). Multi-family group therapy for adolescent internet addiction: Exploring the underlying mechanisms. Addictive Behaviors, 42, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.021CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Lorenz, R. C., Krüger, J. K., Neumann, B., Schott, B. H., Kaufmann, C., Heinz, A., & Wüstenberg, T. (2013). Cue reactivity and its inhibition in pathological computer game players. Addiction Biology, 18(1), 134–146. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1369-1600.2012.00491.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
McHugh, R. K., Hearon, B. A., & Otto, M. W. (2010). Cognitive behavioral therapy for substance use disorders. Psychiatric Clinics, 33(3), 511–525. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psc.2010.04.012Google ScholarPubMed
Meerkerk, G. J., van den Eijnden, R. J. J. M., Vermulst, A. A., & Garretsen, H. F. L. (2009). The compulsive internet use scale (CIUS): Some psychometric properties. CyberPsychology & Behavior 12, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2008.0181CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Miller, W. R., & Rollnick, S. (2012). Motivational interviewing: Helping people change. Guilford Press.Google Scholar
Newzoo (June 18, 2019). Global games market report. Retrieved from https://newzoo.com/insights/articles/the-global-games-market-will-generate-152–1-billion-in-2019-as-the-u-s-overtakes-china-as-the-biggest-market/Google Scholar
O’Brien, J. E., Li, W., Snyder, S. M., & Howard, M. O. (2016). Problem internet overuse behaviors in college students: Readiness-to-change and receptivity to treatment. Journal of Evidence-Informed Social Work, 13(4), 373–385. https://doi.org/10.1080/23761407.2015.1086713CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pan, Y. C., Chiu, Y. C., & Lin, Y. H. (2020). Systematic review and meta-analysis of epidemiology of internet addiction. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 118, 612–622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.08.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Park, T. Y., Kim, S., & Lee, J. (2014). Family therapy for an internet‐addicted young adult with interpersonal problems. Journal of Family Therapy, 36(4), 394–419. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6427.12060CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pearson, F. S., & Lipton, D. S. (1999). A meta-analytic review of the effectiveness of corrections-based treatments for drug abuse. The Prison Journal, 79, 384–410. https://doi.org/10.1177/0032885599079004003CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Petry, N. M., Rehbein, F., Gentile, D. A., Lemmens, J. S., Rumpf, H. J., Mößle, T., … & O’Brien, C. P. (2014). An international consensus for assessing Internet Gaming Disorder using the new DSM‐5 approach. Addiction, 109(9), 1399–1406. https://doi.org/10.1111/add.12457CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2015). Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: Development and validation of a short psychometric scale. Computers in Human Behavior, 45, 137–143. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2014.12.006CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Pontes, H. M., & Griffiths, M. D. (2016). Portuguese validation of the internet gaming disorder scale – short-form. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(4), 288–293. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2015.0605CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Pontes, H. M., Stavropoulos, V., & Griffiths, M. D. (2017). Measurement invariance of the internet gaming disorder scale – short-form (IGDS9-SF) between the United States of America, India and the United Kingdom. Psychiatry Research, 257, 472–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2017.08.013CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Prochaska, J. O., & DiClemente, C. C. (1984). The transtheoretical approach: Crossing traditional boundaries of therapy. Dow Jones Irwin.Google Scholar
Przybylski, A. K., Weinstein, N., & Murayama, K. (2016). Internet gaming disorder: Investigating the clinical relevance of a new phenomenon. American Journal of Psychiatry, 174(3), 230–236. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16020224CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rehbein, F., & Baier, D. (2013). Family-, media-, and school-related risk factors of video game addiction. Journal of Media Psychology, 25(3), 118–128. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000093CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Scherer, K. (1997). College life online: Healthy and unhealthy internet use. Journal of College Student Development, 38, 655–665.Google Scholar
Schneider, L. A., King, D. L., & Delfabbro, P. H. (2017). Family factors in adolescent problematic internet gaming: A systematic review. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(3), 321–333. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.035CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Sprong, M. E., Buono, F. D., Bordieri, J., Mui, N., & Upton, T. D. (2014). Establishing the behavioral function of video game use: Development of the video game functional assessment. Journal of Addictive Behaviors, Therapy & Rehabilitation, 3(4), 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4172/2324-9005.1000130Google Scholar
Su, W., Fang, X., Miller, J. K., & Wang, Y. (2011). Internet-based intervention for the treatment of online addiction for college students in China: A pilot study of the Healthy Online Self-helping Center. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 14(9), 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2010.0167CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Tao, R., Huang, X., Wang, J., Zhang, H., Zhang, Y., & Li, M. (2010). Proposed diagnostic criteria for internet addiction. Addiction, 105(3), 556–564. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2009.02828.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tiffany, S. T. (1990). A cognitive model of drug urges and drug-use behavior: Role of automatic and nonautomatic processes. Psychological Review, 97(2), 147–168. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-295X.97.2.147CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Tokunaga, R. S. (2016). An examination of functional difficulties from internet use: Media habit and displacement theory explanations. Human Communication Research, 42(3), 339–370. https://doi.org/10.1111/hcre.12081CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Twohig, M. P., & Crosby, J. M. (2010). Acceptance and commitment therapy as a treatment for problematic internet pornography viewing. Behavior Therapy, 41, 285–295. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.beth.2009.06.002CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Rooij, A. J., Schoenmakers, T. M., Vermulst, A. A., Van Den Eijnden, R. J., & Van De Mheen, D. (2011). Online video game addiction: Identification of addicted adolescent gamers. Addiction, 106(1), 205–212. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1360-0443.2010.03104.xCrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Van Rooij, A. J., Zinn, M. F., Schoenmakers, T. M., & Van de Mheen, D. (2012). Treating internet addiction with cognitive-behavioral therapy: A thematic analysis of the experiences of therapists. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction, 10(1), 69–82. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-010-9295-0CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Watson, A. (Jun 18, 2020). Video streaming growth worldwide: Coronavirus impact 2020. Retrieved from www.statista.com/statistics/1107559/video-streaming-consumption-growth-worldwide-coronavirus/Google Scholar
Wölfling, K., Müller, K. W., Dreier, M., Ruckes, C., Deuster, O., Batra, A., … & Hanke, S. (2019). Efficacy of short-term treatment of internet and computer game addiction: A randomized clinical trial. JAMA Psychiatry, 76(10), 1018–1025. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2019.1676CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
World Health Organization (2018). International classification of diseases (ICD) 11th revision. WHO.Google Scholar
Wu, T. Y., Lin, C. Y., Årestedt, K., Griffiths, M. D., Broström, A., & Pakpour, A. H. (2017). Psychometric validation of the Persian nine-item Internet Gaming Disorder Scale – Short Form: Does gender and hours spent online gaming affect the interpretations of item descriptions?. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 6(2), 256–263. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.6.2017.025CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Yao, Y. W., Chen, P. R., Chiang-shan, R. L., Hare, T. A., Li, S., Zhang, J. T., … & Fang, X. Y. (2017). Combined reality therapy and mindfulness meditation decrease intertemporal decisional impulsivity in young adults with internet gaming disorder. Computers in Human Behavior, 68, 210–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2016.11.038CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Yen, J. Y., Yen, C. F., Chen, C. C., Chen, S. H., & Ko, C. H. (2007). Family factors of internet addiction and substance use experience in Taiwanese adolescents. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 10(3), 323–329. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2006.9948CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, K. (1998a). Caught in the net. Wiley.Google Scholar
Young, K. (1998b). Internet addiction: The emergence of a new clinical disorder. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 3, 237–244. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.1998.1.237CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Young, K. S. (2007). Cognitive behavior therapy with internet addicts: Treatment outcomes and implications. CyberPsychology & Behavior, 10(5), 671–679. https://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9971CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Young, K. S. (2013). Treatment outcomes using CBT-IA with internet-addicted patients. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 2(4), 209–215. https://doi.org/10.1556/JBA.2.2013.4.3CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhang, J. T., Yao, Y. W., Potenza, M. N., Xia, C. C., Lan, J., Liu, L., … & Fang, X. Y. (2016). Effects of craving behavioral intervention on neural substrates of cue-induced craving in internet gaming disorder. NeuroImage: Clinical, 12, 591–599. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nicl.2016.09.004CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Zhong, X., Zu, S., Sha, S., Tao, R., Zhao, C., Yang, F., Li, M., & Sha, P. (2011). The effect of a family-based intervention model on internet-addicted Chinese adolescents. Social Behavior and Personality, 39(8), 1021–1034. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.8.1021CrossRefGoogle Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×