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Chapter 25 - Pediatric Anesthesia

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2023

By
Elyse M. Cornett ,
Alan David Kaye  and
Sonja A. Gennuso
Edited by
Alan David Kaye  and
Richard D. Urman
Alan David Kaye
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston
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Summary

Pediatric anesthesiology is a distinct subspecialty of anesthesia. It focuses on the perioperative care of preterm and term neonates, infants, children, and teenagers. The pediatric population is vastly different from adults, as the clinician must recognize variations in anatomy, physiology, pharmacodynamics, and pharmacokinetics. For example, infants and children under 3 years old have a greater rate of morbidity and mortality associated with anesthesia than adults [1, 2]. The American Society of Anesthesiologists Closed Claims Project reports almost half of malpractice litigation involving pediatric injuries have been related to adverse respiratory events associated with improper oxygenation and/or ventilation. It is important for anesthesiologists caring for children to have a detailed knowledge of the distinctions between pediatric and adult patients. This chapter will discuss anatomic, physiologic, and pharmacologic distinctions, as well as infection prevention and anesthetic considerations, in the pediatric population.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Anesthesiology , pp. 399 - 410
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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