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Chapter 9 - Anesthesia Techniques: General Anesthesia Techniques in Clinical Practice

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  24 May 2023

By
Mark R. Jones ,
Edward S. Alpaugh ,
Boris C. Anyama ,
Chikezie N. Okeagu ,
Meredith K. Shaw ,
Madelyn K. Craig  and
Alan David Kaye
Edited by
Alan David Kaye  and
Richard D. Urman
Alan David Kaye
Affiliation:
Louisiana State University School of Medicine
Richard D. Urman
Affiliation:
Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston
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Summary

Preoperatively, the patient will transition from different depths of anesthesia, including the levels of sedation, to general anesthesia (GA). Sedation is a continuum of symptoms that range from minimal symptoms of anxiolysis to symptoms of moderate and deep sedation. Moderate sedation is defined by the patient remaining asleep, but being easily arousable. Deep sedation is achieved when the patient is only arousable to painful stimulation. GA refers to medically induced loss of consciousness with concurrent loss of protective reflexes and skeletal muscle relaxation. GA is most commonly achieved via induction with intravenous sedatives and analgesics, followed by maintenance of volatile anesthetics [1]. Table 9.1 lists the depths of anesthesia and associated characteristics.

Type
Chapter
Information
Cambridge Handbook of Anesthesiology , pp. 131 - 150
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

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