Skip to main content Accessibility help
×
Hostname: page-component-586b7cd67f-rcrh6 Total loading time: 0 Render date: 2024-11-24T13:34:51.275Z Has data issue: false hasContentIssue false

26 - The Inimical Gaze

Morality and the Reproduction of Sociality in Amazonia

from Part IV - Intimate and Everyday Life

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  11 May 2023

James Laidlaw
Affiliation:
University of Cambridge
Get access

Summary

Many Indigenous lowland South American peoples treat the thinking, feeling self as constituted by the process of relating to a panoply of others, including enemies. This need for alterity in the constitution of selves is arguably part of a loose but widespread and enduring pattern – an ‘Amazonian package’ – that also tends to feature claims to the effect that the collective fabrication of beautiful, competent, human bodies is a central purpose of human social life, in the context of a cosmos in which beings with similar bodies perceive each other as human and those with different bodies as non-human. I examine practices and speech genres in which people attribute an evaluative gaze to murdered enemies, sorcerers, would-be lovers, and fishhooks, among other figures of alterity, and I argue that such attributions reflect and reproduce motivating pictures of moral subjects. Over time and motivated by these pictures, people have gone about living their lives such that their evaluative deployments have more or less felicitously interpellated new generations. Morality has thus been central in the reproduction of the Amazonian package. The process, however, is not teleological.

Type
Chapter
Information
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2023

Access options

Get access to the full version of this content by using one of the access options below. (Log in options will check for institutional or personal access. Content may require purchase if you do not have access.)

References

Althusser, Louis. 1972. Lenin and Philosophy and Other Essays. Translated by Brewster, Ben. New York: Monthly Review Press.Google Scholar
Århem, Kaj. 1996. ‘The Cosmic Food Web: Human-Nature Relatedness in the Northwest Amazon’, in Descola, P. and Pálsson, G. (eds.), Nature and Society: Anthropological Perspectives. London: Routledge: 185–204.Google Scholar
Aronson, Elliot. 1972. The Social Animal. San Francisco, CA: W. H. Freeman and Company.Google Scholar
Astuti, Rita. 2012. ‘Some After Dinner Thoughts on Theory of Mind’. Anthropology of This Century, 3. http://aotcpress.com/articles/dinner-thoughts-theory-mind.Google Scholar
Astuti, Rita. 2015. ‘Implicit and Explicit Theory of Mind.Anthropology of This Century, 13. http://aotcpress.com/articles/implicit-explicit-theory-mind.Google Scholar
Bains, Pahuli. 2019. ‘Female Gaze’. Fashion, March: 8890.Google Scholar
Basso, Ellen. 1995. The Last Cannibals: A South American Oral History. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Belaunde, L. E. 1992. Gender, Commensality and Community among the Airo-Pai of West Amazonia (Secoya, Western-Tukanoan Speaking). PhD. London School of Economics.Google Scholar
Brabec de Mori, Bernd and Anthony, Seeger. 2013. ‘Introduction: Considering Music, Humans, and Non-Humans’. Ethnomusicology Forum, 22(3): 269–86.Google Scholar
Butler, Judith. 1993. Bodies That matter: On the Discursive Limits of ‘Sex’. New York: Routledge.Google Scholar
Chernela, Janet. 2012. ‘Mascarading the Voice: Texts of the Self in the Brazilian Northwest Amazon’. Journal of Anthropological Research, 68: 315–38.Google Scholar
Conklin, Beth A. 2001. Consuming Grief: Compassionate Cannibalism in an Amazonian Society. Austin: University of Texas Press.Google Scholar
Conklin, Beth A. and Morgan., ynn. M. 1996. ‘Babies, Bodies, and the Production of Personhood in North America and a Native Amazonian Society’. Ethos, 24(4): 657–94.Google Scholar
Descola, Philippe. 1994. In the Society of Nature: A Native Ecology in Amazonia. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Duranti, Alessandro. 2014. The Anthropology of Intentions. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Foucault, Michel. 1990. The Use of Pleasure: The History of Sexuality, Volume 2. Trans. Robert Hurley. New York: Vintage Books.Google Scholar
Goffman, Erving. 1959. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life. New York: Random Books.Google Scholar
Gravlee, Clarence C. 2009. ‘How Race Becomes Biology: Embodiment of Social Inequality’. American Journal of Physical Anthropology, 139: 4757.Google Scholar
Gutiérrez Choquevilca, Andrea-Luz. 2016. ‘Máscaras sonoras y metamorfosis en el lenguaje ritual de los runas del Alto Pastaza (Amazonía, Perú)’. Bulletin de l’Institut Français d’Études Andines, 45(1): 1737.Google Scholar
Harner, Michael. 1984. The Jívaro: People of the Sacred Waterfall. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Hugh-Jones, Stephen. 1985. ‘The Maloca: The World in a House’, in Carmichael, Elizabeth, et al. (eds.), The Hidden Peoples of the Amazon. London: British Museum Publications.Google Scholar
Keane, Webb. 2003. ‘Semiotics and the Social Analysis of Material Things’. Language and Communication, 23: 409–25.Google Scholar
Keane, Webb. 2008. ‘Others, Other Minds, and Others’ Theories of Other Minds: An Afterword on the Psychology and Politics of Opacity Claims’. Anthropological Quarterly, 81: 473–81.Google Scholar
Keane, Webb. 2016. Ethical Life: Its Natural and Social Histories. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.CrossRefGoogle Scholar
Lagrou, Elsje Maria. 2001. ‘Homesickness and the Cashinahua Self: A Reflection on the Embodied Condition of Relatedness’, in Overing, J. and Passes, A. (eds.), The Anthropology of Love and Anger: The Aesthetics of Conviviality in Native Amazonia. London: Routledge: 152–69.Google Scholar
Laidlaw, James. 2014. The Subject of Virtue: An Anthropology of Ethics and Freedom. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Lambek, Michael. 2010. ‘Toward an Ethics of the Act’, in Lambek, M. (ed.), Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action. New York: Fordham University Press.Google Scholar
Lear, Jonathan. 2008. Radical Hope: Ethics in the Face of Cultural Devastation. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Lienhardt, Godfrey. 1985. ‘Self: Public, Private. Some African Representations’, in Carrithers, M., Collins, S., and Lukes, S. (eds.), The Category of the Person. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press: 141–55.Google Scholar
Londoño Sulkin, Carlos D. 2004. Muinane: un proyecto moral a perpetuidad. Medellín: Editorial Universidad de Antioquia.Google Scholar
Londoño Sulkin, Carlos D. 2005. ‘Inhuman Beings: Morality and Perspectivism among Muinane People (Colombian Amazon)’. Ethnos, 70: 730.Google Scholar
Londoño Sulkin, Carlos D. 2009. ‘Commentary on “Hybrid Bodyscapes: A Visual History of Yanesha Patterns of Cultural Change” by Fernando Santos-Granero’. Current Anthropology, 50(4): 499500.Google Scholar
Londoño Sulkin, Carlos D. 2010. ‘People of No Substance: Imposture and the Contingency of Morality in the Colombian Amazon’, in Lambek, M. (ed.), Ordinary Ethics: Anthropology, Language, and Action. New York: Fordham University Press: 273–91.Google Scholar
Londoño Sulkin, Carlos D. 2012. People of Substance: An Ethnography of Morality in the Colombian Amazon. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.Google Scholar
Londoño Sulkin, Carlos D. 2017. ‘Moral Sources and the Reproduction of the Amazonian Package’. Current Anthropology, 58(4): 477501.Google Scholar
Luhrmann, T. M. 2006. ‘Subjectivity’. Anthropological Theory, 6(3): 345–61.Google Scholar
Luhrmann, T. M. 2011. ‘Towards an Anthropological Theory of Mind’. Suomen Antropologi: Journal of the Finnish Anthropological Society, 36(4).Google Scholar
Oakdale, Suzanne. 2005. I Foresee My Life: The Ritual Performance of Autobiography in an Amazonian Community. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press.Google Scholar
Opas, Minna. 2008. Different but the Same: Negotiations of Personhoods and Christianities in Western Amazonia. PhD thesis, Department of Comparative Religions, University of Turku, Finland.Google Scholar
Overing, Joanna 1985. ‘Today I Shall Call Him “Mummy”: Multiple Worlds and Classificatory Confusion’, in Overing, J. (ed.), Reason and Morality. London: Tavistock Publications Ltd.Google Scholar
Overing, Joanna. 1993. ‘Death and the Loss of Civilized Predation among the Piaroa of the Orinoco Basin’. L’Homme, 1268(24): 191211.Google Scholar
Overing, Joanna and Passes., Alan 2000. ‘Introduction: Conviviality and the Opening Up of Amazonian Anthropology’, in Overing, Joanna and Passes, Alan (eds.), The Anthropology of Love and Anger: The Aesthetics of Conviviality in Native Amazonia. London: Routledge: 1–30.Google Scholar
Ramos, Alcida Rita. 2012. ‘The Politics of Perspectivism’. Annual Review of Anthropology, 41: 481–94.Google Scholar
Robbins, Joel and Rumsey, Alan, eds. 2008. ‘Anthropology and the Opacity of Other Minds’. Anthropological Quarterly, 81(2).Google Scholar
Saussure, Ferdinand. 2000 [1916]. ‘The Nature of the Linguistic Sign’, in Burke, L., Crowley, T., and Girvin, A. (eds.), The Routledge Language and Cultural Theory Reader. London: Routledge: 21–32.Google Scholar
Rupert., Stasch 2008. ‘Knowing Minds Is a Matter of Authority: Political Dimensions of Opacity Statements in Korowai Moral Psychology’. Anthropological Quarterly, 81: 443–53.Google Scholar
Rupert., Stasch 2009. Society of Others: Kinship and Mourning in a West Papuan Place. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Storrie, Robert. 2006. ‘The Politics of Shamanism and the Limits of Fear’. Tipití, 4(1–2): 223–46.Google Scholar
Strathern, Marilyn. 1988. The Gender of the Gift. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anne-Christine. 1996. ‘The Soul’s Body and Its States: An Amazonian Perspective on the Nature of Being Human’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S), 2(2): 201–15.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anne-Christine. 2007. ‘Un corps fait des regards’, in Breton, S., Schaeffer, J.-M., Houseman, M., Taylor, A.-C., and Viveiros de Castro, E. (eds.), Qu’est-ce qu’un corps? Paris: Flammarion/Museé du Quai-Branly: 148–99.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anne-Christine. 2017. ‘L’art d’infléchir les âmes: Les chants anent des Jivaro achuar comme techniques d’apparentement’. Terrain, 68: 4667.Google Scholar
Taylor, Anne-Christine and Castro, Eduardo Viveiros de. 2006. ‘Un corps fait de regards (Amazonie)’, in Breton, Stéphane (ed.), Qu’est-ce qu’un corps? Paris: Musée du Quai Branly/Flammrion: 148–99.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1985. Human Agency and Language: Philosophical Papers I. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Google Scholar
Taylor, Charles. 1989. Sources of the Self: The Making of the Modern Identity. Cambridge: Cambridge University PressGoogle Scholar
Vilaça, Aparecida. 2002. ‘Making Kin Out of Others in Amazonia’. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.), 8: 347–65.Google Scholar
Vilaça, Aparecida. 2016. Praying and Preying: Christianity in Indigenous Amazonia. Oakland: University of California Press.Google Scholar
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo. 1992. From the Enemy’s Point of View: Humanity and Divinity in an Amazonian Society. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.Google Scholar
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo 1996. ‘Images of Nature and Society in Amazonian Ethnology’. Annual Review of Anthropology, 25: 179200.Google Scholar
Viveiros de Castro, Eduardo 1998. ‘Cosmological Deixis and Amerindian Perspectivism’. The Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute (N.S.), 4: 469–88.Google Scholar
Vološinov, Valentin Nikolaevich. 1993 [1929]. Marxism and the Philosophy of Language. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.Google Scholar
Willerslev, Rane. 2007. Soul Hunters: Hunting, Animism, and Personhood among Siberian Yukaghirs. Berkeley: University of California Press.Google Scholar

Save book to Kindle

To save this book to your Kindle, first ensure [email protected] is added to your Approved Personal Document E-mail List under your Personal Document Settings on the Manage Your Content and Devices page of your Amazon account. Then enter the ‘name’ part of your Kindle email address below. Find out more about saving to your Kindle.

Note you can select to save to either the @free.kindle.com or @kindle.com variations. ‘@free.kindle.com’ emails are free but can only be saved to your device when it is connected to wi-fi. ‘@kindle.com’ emails can be delivered even when you are not connected to wi-fi, but note that service fees apply.

Find out more about the Kindle Personal Document Service.

Available formats
×

Save book to Dropbox

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Dropbox.

Available formats
×

Save book to Google Drive

To save content items to your account, please confirm that you agree to abide by our usage policies. If this is the first time you use this feature, you will be asked to authorise Cambridge Core to connect with your account. Find out more about saving content to Google Drive.

Available formats
×