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Chapter 12 - Local Anesthetics

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  21 February 2025

By
Christopher X. Muñoz  and
Christina L. Jeng
Edited by
Dharti Patel ,
Sang J. Kim ,
Himani V. Bhatt  and
Alopi M. Patel
Dharti Patel
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai West and Morningside Hospitals, New York
Sang J. Kim
Affiliation:
Hospital for Special Surgery, New York
Himani V. Bhatt
Affiliation:
Mount Sinai West and Morningside Hospitals, New York
Alopi M. Patel
Affiliation:
Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Jersey
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Summary

This chapter of BASIC Essentials covers information regarding local anesthetics that are essential to know for the American Board of Anesthesiology’s (ABA) BASIC exam. The content covers all of the information that is included in the ABA’s content outline. Highlighted information includes mechanism of action of local anesthetics, pharmacological properties of local anesthetics, comparison of amide and ester local anesthetics, and side effects of local anesthetics.

Keywords

Local AnestheticLidocaineBupivacainePharmacologyLocal Anesthetic Systemic ToxicityMethemoglobinemiaCauda Equina SyndromeTransient Neurological SymptomsLipid emulsionNeuraxial anesthesiaPeripheral nerve block
Type
Chapter
Information
BASIC Essentials
A Comprehensive Review for the Anesthesiology BASIC Exam
 , pp. 68 - 71
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
Print publication year: 2025

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References

Further Reading

Berde, CB, Strichartz., GR. Local anesthetics. In Miller, R, editor. Miller’s Anesthesia, 8th ed. Churchill Livingstone/Elsevier, 2016; chapter 10, pp 1028–1054.Google Scholar
Brummett, CM, Williams, BA Additives to local anesthetics for peripheral nerve blockade. Int Anesthesiol Clin 2011;49(4):104–116.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Neal, JM, Bernards, CM, Butterworth, JF, et al. ASRA practice advisory on local anesthetic systemic toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2010;35:152–161.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Rosenblatt, MA, Abel, M, Fischer, GW, et al. Successful use of a 20% lipid emulsion to resuscitate a patient after a presumed bupivacaine-related cardiac arrest. Anesthesiology 2006;105(1):217–218.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed
Weinberg, G, Ripper, R, Feinstein, DL, et al. Lipid emulsion infusion rescues dogs from bupivacaine-induced cardiac toxicity. Reg Anesth Pain Med 2003;28(3):198–202.CrossRefGoogle ScholarPubMed

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