Mineralogical and geochemical variations among the Carboniferous and Cretaceous sedimentary kaolin deposits from Sinai provided an opportunity to examine the effect of the source area on compositions of the deposits. The Carboniferous kaolin deposits are mineralogically and geochemically heterogeneous. The Khaboba and Hasbar deposits consist of kaolinite, quartz, anatase, illite, chlorite, zircon, and leucoxene. The shale-normalized rare earth element (REE) patterns of the Khaboba deposit showed a slight LREE over HREE enrichment ((La/Yb)SN = 1.19–1.51) with a MREE depletion (Gd/Gd*SN = 0.51–0.75), while the Hasbar kaolin had a MREE enrichment. The Abu Natash kaolin deposit consisted of kaolinite, anatase, and a little quartz with larger TiO2, Cr, and V and smaller Zr and Nb contents compared to other Carboniferous deposits. The shale-normalized REE patterns of the Abu Natash deposit exhibited a positive Eu anomaly (Eu/Eu*SN = 1.28–1.40) and a MREE enrichment (Gd/Gd*SN = 1.41–2.05). The Cretaceous deposits were relatively homogeneous in terms of mineralogical composition and geochemistry and are composed of kaolinite, quartz, anatase, rutile, zircon, and leucoxene. The Cretaceous kaolin deposits showed mostly flat shale-normalized REE patterns with a variable LREE depletion.

The presence of illite and chlorite, the absence of rutile, large Zr and Nb contents, and the REE patterns suggested a component of weathered low-grade metasediments as a source for the Carboniferous deposits in the Khaboba and Hasbar areas, while the large Ti, Cr, and V, and small quartz contents indicated mafic source rocks for the Abu Natash deposit. The abundance of high-Cr rutile and the absence of illite and chlorite, and large Zr, Ti, Cr, and V contents suggested a mixture of medium- to high-grade metamafic and granitic rocks as source rocks for the Cretaceous kaolin deposits. The occurrence of alkaline rocks in the source of the deposits studied was identified by high-Nb contents and the presence of bastnaesite. The mineralogical and geochemical heterogeneity and lesser maturity of the Carboniferous deposits suggested local sources for each deposit and their deposition in basins close to the sources. The mineralogical and geochemical homogeneity and maturity of the Cretaceous deposits, on the other hand, indicated common sources for all deposits and their deposition in relatively remote basins.

Reducing Na intake is an urgent global challenge, especially in East Asia and high-income Asia-Pacific regions. However, the sources of Na and their effects on urinary Na excretion have not been fully studied. We sought to clarify these sources and their association with urinary Na excretion. We examined four 3-d weighed food records and five 24-h urinary collections from each of 253 participants in Japan, aged 35–80 years, between 2012 and 2013. We compared the levels of Na according to four categories: foods contributing to discretionary or non-discretionary Na intake, the situation in which dishes were cooked and consumed, food groups and types of cuisine. We also conducted regression analysis in which 24-h urinary Na excretion was a dependent variable and the amounts of food intake in the four categories were independent variables. Levels of Na were the highest in discretionary intake (60·6 %) and in home-prepared dishes (84·0 %). Of the food groups, miso soup showed the highest percentage contribution to Na intake (13·3 %) after seasonings such as soya sauce. In the regression analysis, the standardised coefficient for foods of non-discretionary Na sources was larger than that for discretionary sources, whereas that for home-prepared dishes was consistent with the levels of Na in those foods. Pickled products, followed by fresh fish and shellfish, miso soup and rice, were associated with high urinary Na excretion. Thus, discretionary foods (such as miso soup) contribute the most to Na consumption, although non-discretionary intake (such as pickled vegetables) may influence urinary Na excretion.

People often attribute rumours to an individual in a knowledgeable position two steps removed from them (a credible friend of a friend), such as ‘my friend's father, who's a cop, told me about a serial killer in town’. Little is known about the influence of such attributions on rumour propagation, or how they are maintained when the rumour is transmitted. In four studies (N = 1824) participants exposed to a rumour and asked to transmit it overwhelmingly attributed it either to a credible friend of a friend, or to a generic friend (e.g. ‘a friend told me about a serial killer in town’). In both cases, participants engaged in source shortening: e.g. when told by a friend that ‘a friend told me …’ they shared the rumour as coming from ‘a friend’ instead of ‘a friend of friend’. Source shortening and reliance on credible sources boosted rumour propagation by increasing the rumours’ perceived plausibility and participants’ willingness to share them. Models show that, in linear transmission chains, the generic friend attribution dominates, but that allowing each individual to be exposed to the rumour from several sources enables the maintenance of the credible friend of a friend attribution.

The aim of this article is to examine how police investigators reproduce interviewees’ utterances in narratives, in direct and indirect reported speech, and by enclosing words in reports in quotation marks. Drawing on a larger study of professional writing, the pertinent research question for the current investigation is how writing techniques in police interview reports convey evidential value in the form of reported utterances. A corpus of police reports on domestic violence is explored from the theoretical perspectives of critical discourse analysis, polyvocality and reportative evidentiality. A new analytical framework for polyvocal texts is developed in terms of utterance, source and framer. The results show that it is difficult to determine whether or not words placed within quotation marks are meant to present verbatim quotes. Another finding is that police investigators are not consistent in documenting utterances from different sources, or in showing whether utterances are embedded in other utterances. This may obscure the structure of the original events and the source of crucial utterances, resulting in unclear evidential status for police reports.

The paper deals with blow-up for the solutions of an evolution problem consisting in a semilinear wave equation posed in a bounded C1,1 open subset of ℝn, supplied with a Neumann boundary condition involving a nonlinear dissipation. The typical problem studied is

where ∂Ω = Γ0 ∪ Γ1, Γ0 ∩ Γ1 = ∅, σ(Γ0) > 0, 2 < p ≤ 2(n − 1)/(n − 2) (when n ≥ 3), m > 1, α ∈ L∞(Γ1), α ≥ 0 and β ≥ 0. The initial data are posed in the energy space.The aim of the paper is to improve previous blow-up results concerning the problem.

Lead isotope analyses of 50 Irish Chalcolithic and Early Bronze Age gold artefacts favour a gold source in southern Ireland. However when combined with major element analysis, the artefacts are not consistent with any Irish gold deposit analysed to date. Understanding the lead isotope signatures of ore deposits within a study region allows informed inferences to be drawn regarding the likelihood that an unanalysed ore deposit was exploited in the past. If an Irish gold source is assumed, then the gold is most likely to have originated from deposits hosted by Old Red Sandstone in the Variscan ore field of south-west Ireland. However, based on our current understanding of mineralisation in the region, this scenario is considered unlikely. A non-Irish source for the gold is therefore preferred – a scenario that may favour cosmologically-driven acquisition, ie, the deliberate procurement of a material from distant or esoteric sources. Available geochemical data, combined with current archaeological evidence, favour the alluvial deposits of south-west Britain as the most likely source of the gold.

Marine protected areas (MPAs) have been depicted as a useful tool for improving fisherymanagement and protecting biodiversity. For example, by acting as source populations, MPAsmay provide a spillover of adults/propagules, enhancing recruitment to surrounding,non-protected waters. However, such positive effect will depend on how a MPAs designmatches population biology and dispersal abilities of the target species. High levels ofintraspecific genetic diversity without pronounced structure have been found in manymarine organisms over large spatial scales (from hundreds to thousands kilometres) but donot hold for other ecologically and economically important species such as coral reeffishes, seagrasses and kelps. In particular, the limited potential for dispersal of manymacroalgae suggests the occurrence of self-sustaining, “closed” populations that contrastwith the “open” populations of many fishes and invertebrates. Consequently, the highresilience of fish/invertebrate populations cannot be generalized to the whole marinerealm. In the present work, we use genetic tools to explore the role of the MPAParc naturel marin d’Iroise in the management of the emblematic kelpLaminaria digitata. While kelps have received much more scientificattention than any other seaweed group, there is still critical baseline knowledge whichneeds to be addressed for their effective management. Our genetic survey of 12 L.digitata populations along the Brittany coast, four of them located within theboundaries of the Parc naturel marin d’Iroise, allowed us to assess theconservation value of these kelp populations. In particular, classical genetic metrics aswell as more recent clustering approaches were used to identify and characterizeManagement Units. Moreover, assignment tests were employed to determine contemporarymigration events and source/sink populations. Our results show that populations withinthis MPA have high conservation value. However, we also identify other populations ofconservation interest.

Antarctic snow samples collected from the Wilkins Runway, c. 50 km inland from the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica, contain aeolian-derived diatoms. The diatom assemblage preserved is exclusively of marine origin. As diatoms are excellent indicators of source conditions, we are able to confirm that an unusual weather event, with anomalous north-westerly winds blowing at around 10 m s-1, resulted in the deposition of coastal marine species at the Wilkins Runway. The composition of the floral assemblage collected indicate that the parent water mass was from a coastal marine region undergoing typical Antarctic summer conditions with periods of both consolidated sea ice and open water. On inspection of available satellite imagery, these conditions were found upwind of the deposition site. This study provides a methodology for diatoms found within ice cores to be identified and the source region to be determined. It also provides evidence for a large-scale aeolian deposition of marine diatoms to an ice sheet, which may have implications for the interpretation of controversial marine diatoms found in sediments that have been used as evidence for the retreat of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet.

Stylometric tests were run to assess whether, in Matthew, Q material differs in style from that of M. Correspondence Analysis was used on larger samples. Then counts of the five most frequent words in smaller samples were tested using three further methods: GLM, Discriminant Analysis and Cluster Analysis. These tests assigned about 80% of the samples to the expected source. This result permits a cautious preference for the Two Source Theory against the theory upheld by Farrer, Goulder and Goodacre.

In December 2006 an outbreak of Campylobacter infection occurred in Forth Valley, Scotland, affecting 48 people over a 3-week period. All cases dined at restaurant A. We conducted a cohort study in a party of 30 who ate lunch at restaurant A on 21 December to identify the vehicle of infection. Of 29 respondents, the attack rate in those who ate chicken liver pâté was 86% (6/7) compared to 0% (0/22) for those who did not. Between 1 December and 1.30 p.m. on 21 December the restaurant had used a different method of cooking the pâté. No cases reported dining at the restaurant after this time. The outbreak's duration suggested a continuous source. This is the first continuous source outbreak of Campylobacter documented in Scotland. Chicken liver pâté was the most likely vehicle of infection. This outbreak illustrates the hazards associated with undercooking Campylobacter-contaminated food.

La responsabilité des références françaises pour la fluence et les grandeurs dosimétriques neutroniques est du ressort du laboratoire de métrologie et de dosimétrie des neutrons de l’Institut de radioprotection et de sûreté nucléaire (IRSN). C’est dans ce cadre, que l’institut développe et exploite, à Cadarache, des installations produisant des champs neutroniques de référence pour des utilisations diverses. Certaines (sources radioactives émettrice neutrons respectant la norme ISO 8529-1) sont utilisées pour effectuer des étalonnages de routine de dispositifs de mesure. D’autres installations produisent des champs neutroniques « réalistes » simulant les champs rencontrés sur les postes de travail en modérant les champs neutroniques générés à partir de sources radioactives ou d’accélérateurs. Enfin, l’installation AMANDE dont l’inauguration a eu lieu en mai 2005 produit des champs de neutrons monoénergétiques d’énergie comprise entre 2 keV et 20 MeV à partir de l’interaction de particules chargées accélérées jusqu’à 4 MeV sur différentes cibles. Avec l’arrivée de cette dernière installation, l’IRSN offre un plateau technique très complet pour la production de tous les types de champ neutronique recommandés par les normes internationales pour l’étalonnage des instruments de détection des neutrons.

An ion source for generation of low-charged heavy ions has been developed using low-power KrF excimer and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG lasers. The ion source was examined with two experimental modes of low-voltage DC extraction at ∼20 kV and high-voltage pulse extraction at 150 kV. Normalized emittance of extracted beams composed of Cu+ and Cu2+ ions was measured to be about 0.05 and 0.8 πmm-mrad for the DC extraction and the pulse extraction, respectively. Electron temperature was observed by means of a single probe method to be 0.8 to 2.5 eV, depending on the intensity of the KrF laser.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease of Caucasians with an incidence of 1 in 2500 live births and a carriage rate of 1 in 20 individuals. CF patients continue to suåer from recurrent and chronic respiratory tract infections and most of their morbidity and mortality is due to such infections throughout their life (Høiby, 1991). These infections are usually dominated by Gram-negative organisms, especially by the pseudomonads including in particular, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, as well as members of the Burkholderia cepacia complex of organisms.

The distribution and ecological data base of Vaucheria bursata, V. frigida, V. geminata, V. racemosa, V. erytrospora, V. canalicularis,and V. debaryana occurring in streams of the Kraków-Czestochowa Upland (Poland) are provided.

A new species, Fridericia dissimilis n. sp., found during a study of the aquatic oligochaete fauna in the region of [math]nie[math]nik Massive (Sudety Mts, south-western Poland) is described. The species belongs to the Fridericia group of species characterised by asymmetrical spermathecae with a single diverticulum, but it is easily distinguished from other species by, the enormous size of the gland at the ectal orifice of the spermatheca and the shape of ampulla, andby the shape of the brain and seminal vesicles.

L'imago male de Rhithrogena ayadi n. sp., récoltée dans une source du Moyen Atlas (Maroc) est décrite et figurée.