By “Gaurian” are meant what Mr. Beames, in his comparative grammar, has called the “Modern Aryan Languages of India,” but, as this last is too long a title for frequent use, and as the name, Gaurian, given by Professor Hoernle, has been adopted by Dr. Caldwell, I may venture to make use of it also. These languages, in order to make their origin, may also sometimes be termed the Neo-Sanskrit languages, as the Romance are spoken of for the same purpose as the Neo Latin or Novo-Latin Languages.

In comparing Japanese and Korean with each other and with other languages, there are three things to be considered: —1st, their phonetic systems; 2nd, the functions of their grammar; and 3rd, the character of their grammatical procedures.

The Arabic language is commonly spoken throughout a very large area of the old hemisphere. It is the language of the whole of North Africa, which includes Morocca, Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, and Egypt. It is also spoken down the Eastern coast, and in a not inconsiderable portion of the interior of that vast continent. Its home is the peninsula of Arabia, whence it spread also to Palestine, Syria, and Mesopotamia.