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1 - Le français langue seconde, langue de la relation intime, de la relation à soi et à l’autre

Published online by Cambridge University Press:  12 December 2020

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Summary

Abstract

During the Ancien Régime but also in nineteenth-century Europe, the French language, which occupied a special position in international commerce and diplomacy, develops increasingly into the language of culture and education. The language of the Republic of Letters also serves as the language of contacts and self-expression within European elites. After a rapid survey of studies devoted to this phenomenon, we concentrate on the more specific use of French as a second language in the sphere of private life. All this on the basis of a corpus of partly unpublished material written by people from the Netherlands, Italy, Russia and Turkey. These personal documents (diaries, correspondence, autobiographical texts and alba amicorum) make interesting material enabling us to reach a better understanding of the controversial question of the genesis of expressing one's feelings in texts written in the first person singular. In this context we may distinguish several functions of French. It is not only the language used by the elites but also, due to the influence of French literature, that of the heart, the language of introspection, and paradoxically that of becoming aware of one's national identity.

Keywords: francophonie, French as second language, French language of private life, intimacy, personal documents, semi-public communication, semi-intimate communication

Une Francophonie Historique

La langue française a, dans l’Europe d’avant la Révolution française, un statut privilégié et en particulier au temps de Louis XIV, où politique, économique et culturel vont de pair pour affirmer une domination certaine. L’usage du français langue de prestige dans la circulation internationale aux dix-septième et dix-huitième siècles s’inscrit dans une histoire. Le rayonnement du français en Europe a d’abord été le fait de circonstances politiques et religieuses, comme en Angleterre où le roi de France était le suzerain du roi d’Angleterre ou aux Pays-Bas à la cour de Bourgogne, puis dans les nouvelles Provinces-Unies qui accueillent les réfugiés protestants francophones, wallons au seizième, huguenots au dix-septième siècle. À l’époque moderne, le latin qui joue le rôle de lingua franca va céder la place aux langues vernaculaires, l’italien d’abord porteur d’Humanisme, de Renaissance et de Baroque, puis le français qui de langue de ‘commodité’ va devenir langue de culture, langue d’éducation et langue de la République des lettres.

Type
Chapter
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French as Language of Intimacy in the Modern Age
Le français, langue de l'intime à l'époque moderne et contemporaine
, pp. 21 - 44
Publisher: Amsterdam University Press
Print publication year: 2016

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