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2019 results in Cambridge Elements

Page 19 of 101

Nordic Bronze Age Economies

Nordic Bronze Age Economies
  • Christian Horn, Knut Ivar Austvoll, Magnus Artursson, Johan Ling
  • Published online:
    03 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
    • Element
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  • Provides a multi-scalar synthesis of Nordic Bronze Age economies (1800/1700–500 BCE) that is organized around six sections: an introduction to the Nordic Bronze Age, macro-economic perspectives, defining local communities, economic interaction, conflict and alliances, political formations, and encountering Europe. Despite a unifying material culture, the Bronze Age of Scandinavia was complex and multi- layered with constantly shifting and changing networks of competitors and partners. The social structure in this highly mobile and dynamic macroregional setting was affected by subsistence economies based on agropastoralism, maritime sectors, the production of elaborate metal wealth, trade in a wide range of goods, as well as raiding and warfare. For this reason, the focus of this book is on the integration and interaction of subsistence and political economies in a comparative analyses between different local constellations within the macro-economic setting of prehistoric Europe. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core
Relation-Building and Contained Radicalization in the Gaza Pullout Campaign

Relation-Building and Contained Radicalization in the Gaza Pullout Campaign
  • Eitan Y. Alimi
  • Published online:
    03 December 2024
    Print publication:
    27 February 2025
  • This Element explores the Jewish Settlement Movement's campaign against the Gaza Pullout as a case of contained radicalization. Despite the presence of militant worldviews and propensities for aggression, as factors identified in the literature as drivers of political violence, the campaign saw little violence. The Element offers a detailed analysis of the history of relation-building within the movement and between it and the Israeli State and its agents to explain the ability of leaders from the various contending parties to contain radicalization. It traces the emergence and evolution of central relational mechanisms operating within and between the contending parties over time and during past campaigns. By demonstrating the effects of these mechanisms during the campaign against the Gaza Pullout, the Element shows how the mutually reinforcing relational dynamics mitigated the salience of aggressive propensities and violence-prone ideologies, consequently putting a brake on radicalization.
The African <i>Mood</i> Perspective on God and the Problem of Evil

The African Mood Perspective on God and the Problem of Evil
  • Ada Agada
  • Published online:
    03 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • This Element concisely and critically explores the African limited God perspective that denies that the categories of omnipotence, omniscience, and omnibenevolence are applicable to the God of African Traditional Religion (ATR). The Element teases out the intricate conceptual nuances in the limitation thesis and interrogates the divergent stances of proponents of the limited God view, with special focus on the mood perspective of the philosophy of consolationism. Proponents of the limitation thesis may be limited God theists who accept that the limited God is a creator-deity or, at least, a world-designer, or limited God non-theists who deny the limited God personality and agency. The Element expands the frontiers of research in African philosophy of religion by showing that the limitation thesis raises the question of a limited God's moral responsibility for some of the evil in the world in his capacity as a world-creator or world-designer.
Reconstructing the Human Population History of East Asia through Ancient Genomics

Reconstructing the Human Population History of East Asia through Ancient Genomics
  • E. Andrew Bennett, Yichen Liu, Qiaomei Fu
  • Published online:
    03 December 2024
    Print publication:
    09 January 2025
    • Element
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      • Open access
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  • East Asian population history has only recently been the focus of intense investigations using ancient genomics techniques, yet these studies have already contributed much to our growing understanding of past East Asian populations, and cultural and linguistic dispersals. This Element aims to provide a comprehensive overview of our current understanding of the population history of East Asia through ancient genomics. It begins with an introduction to ancient DNA and recent insights into archaic populations of East Asia. It then presents an in-depth summary of current knowledge by region, covering the whole of East Asia from the first appearance of modern humans, through large-scale population studies of the Neolithic and Metal Ages, and into historical times. These recent results reflect past population movements and admixtures, as well as linguistic origins and prehistoric cultural networks that have shaped the region's history. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Nietzsche's Revaluation of All Values

Nietzsche's Revaluation of All Values
  • Thomas H. Brobjer
  • Published online:
    03 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Why is Nietzsche's thought and philosophy still regarded as relevant today? There are a large number of possible answers to a question like this, but one of the most important and persuasive is that Nietzsche questioned and discussed the nature, character and value of our values. Nietzsche frequently turns other questions such as epistemological and ontological ones into axiological ones, making values pivotal in his thought. It is possible to argue that the revaluation of all values is both the most important and today the most relevant of Nietzsche's main philosophical themes and projects. Furthermore, the theme is intimately involved with what Nietzsche regarded as his most important work, his magnum opus (that he called his Hauptwerk), for a long period called The Will to Power but later Revaluation of All Values.
Disagreement

Disagreement
  • Diego E. Machuca
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • This Element engages with the epistemic significance of disagreement, focusing on its skeptical implications. It examines various types of disagreement-motivated skepticism in ancient philosophy, ethics, philosophy of religion, and general epistemology. In each case, it favors suspension of judgment as the seemingly appropriate response to the realization of disagreement. One main line of argument pursued in the Element is that, since in real-life disputes we have limited or inaccurate information about both our own epistemic standing and the epistemic standing of our dissenters, personal information and self-trust can rarely function as symmetry breakers in favor of our own views.
Editing Archipelagic Shakespeare

Editing Archipelagic Shakespeare
  • Rory Loughnane, Willy Maley
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Editing Archipelagic Shakespeare is a study of the power of names; more specifically, it is about the power of naming, asking who gets to choose names, for what reason, and to what effect. Shakespeare assigns names to over 1,200 characters and countless more sites and places, and these names, or versions of these names, have become familiar to generations of playgoers and play-readers. And because of their familiarity, Shakespeare's names, most frequently anglicized versions of non-English names, have been accepted and repeated without further consideration. Approaching names from an archipelagic perspective, and focusing upon how Irish, Scottish, and Welsh characters and places are written by Shakespeare and treated by editors, this Element offers an expansive, and far-reaching, case study for non-anglophone and global studies of Shakespeare, textual scholarship, and early modern drama.
Adult Patient with Intraventricular, Paraventricular and Pineal Region Lesions

Adult Patient with Intraventricular, Paraventricular and Pineal Region Lesions
  • Mohamed Dablouk, Mahmoud Kamel
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    05 December 2024
  • Intraventricular lesions are uncommon, and they can arise from numerous structures around the ventricular system, including the ependyma, septum pellucidum and choroid plexus. Pineal region lesions may arise from the pineal gland parenchymal/supporting cells or glial cells of the midbrain/medial thalamus. Many of these lesions are either found incidentally or present with symptoms of hydrocephalus. Careful assessment of the clinical and radiological features of each case can help to narrow the differential diagnosis in this heterogenous group of tumours.
Knowing What It Is Like

Knowing What It Is Like
  • Yuri Cath
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • What kind of knowledge does one have when one knows what it is like to, say, fall in love, eat vegemite™, be a parent, or ride a bike? This Element addresses this question by exploring the tension between two plausible theses about this form of knowledge: (i) that to possess it one must have had the corresponding experience, and (ii) that to possess it one must know an answer to the 'what it is like' question. The Element shows how the tension between these two theses helps to explain existing debates about this form of knowledge, as well as puzzling conflicts in our attitudes towards the possibility of sharing this knowledge through testimony, or other sources like literature, theories, and simulations. The author also offers a view of 'what it is like' knowledge which can resolve both the tension between (i) and (ii), and these puzzles around testimony.
A Republic If You Can Afford It

A Republic If You Can Afford It
  • How Much Does it Cost to Administer Elections?
  • Zachary Mohr, Martha Kropf, Mary Jo McGowan, JoEllen Pope
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    19 December 2024
  • The cost of administering elections is an importantly understudied area in election science. This book reports election costs in 48 out of 50 states. It discusses the challenges and opportunities of collecting local election costs. The book then presents the wide variation in cost across the country with the lowest spending states spending a little over $2 per voter and the highest spending almost $20 per voter. The amounts being spent in the state are also examined over the election time period of 2008 – 2016. Economic events like the Great Recession had predictable effects on lowering spending on elections but the patterns are not the same across the different regions of the country. The relationship between spending and election administration outcomes is also explored and finds that the voters' confidence and perceptions of fraud in elections is associated with the amount spent on election administration.
The Sacred Force of Star Wars Jedi

The Sacred Force of Star Wars Jedi
  • William Sims Bainbridge
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • As secularization threatens the stability of traditional religions, Star Wars provides a case study of how key functions of religion may transfer to innovative organizations and subcultures that challenge conventional definitions of faith, sacredness, and revival. This Element therefore examines the vast community of fans, especially gamers, who have turned Star Wars into a parareligion, providing them with a sense of the meaning of life and offering psychological compensators for human problems. The research methods include ethnography, participant observation, census of roles played by gaming participants, and recommender system statistics. The Element also shows the genetic connections between Star Wars and its predecessors in science fiction. Investigating the Star Wars fandom phenomenon – which involves hundreds of thousands of people – illustrates how audience cults and client cults evolve. Ultimately, Star Wars remains culturally and economically significant as we approach completion of its first half-century.
Kant on Rational Sympathy

Kant on Rational Sympathy
  • Benjamin Vilhauer
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • This Element explains Kant's distinction between rational sympathy and natural sympathy. Rational sympathy is regulated by practical reason and is necessary for adopting as our own those ends of others which are contingent from the perspective of practical rationality. Natural sympathy is passive and can prompt affect and dispose us to act wrongly. Sympathy is a function of a posteriori productive imagination. In rational sympathy, we freely use the imagination to step into others' first-person perspectives and associate imagined intuitional contents with the concepts others use to communicate their feelings. This prompts feelings in us that are like their feelings.
Complexity in Economics

Complexity in Economics
  • Giacomo Gallegati, Mauro Gallegati, Simone Landini
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Neoclassical economics is heavily based on a formalistic method, primarily centred on mathematical deduction. Consequently, mainstream economists became overfocused on describing the states of an economy rather than understanding the processes driving these states. However, many phenomena arise from the intricate interactions among diverse elements, eluding explanation solely through micro-level rules. Such systems, characterised by emergent properties arising from interactions, are defined as complex. This Element delves into the complexity approach, portraying the economy as an evolving system undergoing structural changes over time.
Heidegger on Poetic Thinking

Heidegger on Poetic Thinking
  • Charles Bambach
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • One of the striking features of Heidegger's philosophical engagement concerns his privileging of poetry and poetic thinking. In this understanding of language as fundamentally poetic, Heidegger puts forward a different way to do philosophy. In this Element, the author places Heidegger's poetic thinking in conversation with Sophocles and Hölderlin as a way to situate his critique of global technology and instrumental thinking in the postwar years. This Element also offers a critique of Heidegger's efforts to arrogate poetic thinking to his own aim of a destinal form of German national self-assertion through poetry. Overall, the aim here is to show how crucial poetic thinking is to the way Heidegger understands philosophy as a radical engagement with language.
Identity Studies in Archaeology

Identity Studies in Archaeology
  • Emma Blake
  • Published online:
    02 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • This Element explores the origins, current state, and future of the archaeological study of identity. A floruit of scholarship in the late 20th century introduced identity as a driving force in society, and archaeologists sought expressions of gender, status, ethnicity, and more in the material remains of the past. A robust consensus emerged about identity and its characteristics: dynamic; contested; context driven; performative; polyvalent; intersectional. From the early 2000s identity studies were challenged by new theories of materiality and ontology on the one hand, and by an influx of new data from bioarchaeology on the other. Yet identity studies have proven remarkably enduring. Through European case studies from prehistory to the present, this Element charts identity's evolving place in anthropological archaeology.
Female Anger in Crime Fiction

Female Anger in Crime Fiction
  • Caroline Reitz
  • Published online:
    01 December 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • Feminist anger is having a moment, but the double meaning of 'mad' as angry and crazy has shaped the representation of women in popular crime fiction since Lady Audley burned down the house over 150 years ago. But when is anger just, when is it revenge, and when is it maddening? This Element will explore the ethics and efficacy of anger in female-centered crime fiction from its first stirrings in the 19th century through second wave feminism's angry, individualist heroes until today's current explosion of women who reject respectability and justification. It will also examine recent challenges to our understanding of the genre posed both by feminist care ethics and by intersectional crime fiction. This Element considers anger as the appropriate affect for women fighting for justice and explores how it shapes the representation of female detectives, relates to the crimes they investigate, and complicates ideas around justice.
Neurosurgical Handovers and Standards for Emergency Care

Neurosurgical Handovers and Standards for Emergency Care
  • Simon Lammy, Jennifer Brown
  • Published online:
    01 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • One of the biggest challenges as a neurosurgical trainee is to master the handover. This requires developing an organisational efficiency to concisely relay relevant patient information to a suitably qualified person to execute a given task. A trainee can work extremely hard during an on call, making suitable decisions, implementing previous plans to perfection and covering slack in a team. But if the presentation of this work is unclear then it undoes a lot of that hard work and generates an impression of a trainee being disorganised. Success in a handover requires an understanding of whom you are talking to, what you are saying, how you are saying it and if the way you are communicating gains and maintains interest. Above all a handover should ensure the smooth continuity of care of a patient.
Cypro-Minoan and Its Writers

Cypro-Minoan and Its Writers
  • At Home and Overseas
  • Cassandra M. Donnelly
  • Published online:
    01 December 2024
    Print publication:
    02 January 2025
  • Poised as middlemen between the Ancient Near East and the Aegean, writers of Cypro-Minoan, the undeciphered Late Bronze Age script of Cyprus, borrowed and transformed writing practices from their neighbors and invented new ones. Bits and pieces of the script are found throughout the Mediterranean, but there are few clay tablets, characteristic of neighboring scribal-based, administrative writing traditions. Instead, Cypro-Minoan writers wrote on mercantile objects, outside of scribal schools. As the administrative centers of the eastern Mediterranean collapsed c. 1177 BCE administrative writing systems went with them. Cypro-Minoan remained in use, presaging the spread of the Phoenician alphabet. This Element explores the role of writing and trade during the collapse period and introduces readers to the Cypro-Minoan script, its history, and approaches to its decipherment, showing that writers of an undeciphered script can still communicate when we take the care to look for them.
Ruptured Supratentorial Cerebral Artery Aneurysm with Large Intracerebral Haematoma

Ruptured Supratentorial Cerebral Artery Aneurysm with Large Intracerebral Haematoma
  • Samuel Hall, Diederik Bulters
  • Published online:
    01 December 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • The ruptured aneurysm with an intracerebral haematoma is a commonly encountered neurosurgical emergency. The options for management of this situation have evolved with the changes in neurovascular surgery training and widespread use of endovascular techniques for aneurysm occlusion. This Element will discuss the differences between subarachnoid haemorrhage with or without an intracerebral haematoma including presentation, imaging and outcomes. The authors present their preferred surgical strategy including practical guidance on how to handle difficult situations such as the intra-operative rupture.
Libraries and the Academic Book

Libraries and the Academic Book
  • Matthew J. Shaw
  • Published online:
    01 December 2024
    Print publication:
    12 December 2024
  • This Element explores the history of the relationship between libraries and the academic book. It provides an overview of the development of the publishing history of the scholarly - or academic - book, and related creation of the modern research library. It argues that libraries played an important role in the birth and growth of the academic book, and explores how publishers, readers and libraries helped to develop the format and scholarly and publishing environments that now underpin contemporary scholarly communications. It concludes with an appraisal of the current state of the field and how business, technology and policy are mapping a variety of potential routes to the future.

Page 19 of 101