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An initial glance at the intricate web of the English legal system may perceive human rights and private law as paths leading to different realms. In this vision, contract law, shaped by economic concerns, is confined to a role of enforcing agreements. Yet, given ageing population trends and the increase in the number of people with mental health conditions, such as dementia, entering into grossly asymmetrical contracts, we must re-assess the lens through which we perceive contract law. This book calls for a re-examination of the role of contract law in light of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD), insisting on an approach that responds to both economic and social concerns. The book aims to contribute towards bridging the areas of disability equality and contract law, questioning the compatibility of key principles and doctrines in contract law with UNCRPD values, including autonomy and human dignity.
Oracy – 'speaking and listening' – has become one of the most prominent ideas in modern education. But where has this idea come from? Should oracy education be seen as positive, or does it hold unintended consequences? How can problems over definitions, teaching and assessment ever be overcome? This timely book brings together prominent practitioners and researchers to explore the often-overlooked implications of speaking and listening education. It features essays from teachers, school leaders, political advisers and charity heads, and from leading thinkers across the fields of linguistics, political science, history, Classics and anthropology. Together, they consider the benefits and risks of oracy education, place it in global context, and offer practical guidance for those trying to implement it on the ground. By demystifying one of the most important yet contentious ideas in modern education, this book offers a vital roadmap for how schools can make oracy work for all.
Ethnic majorities and minorities are produced over time by the same processes that define national borders and create national institutions. Minority Identities in Nigeria traces how western Niger Delta communities became political minorities first, through colonial administrative policies in the 1930s; and second, by embracing their minority status to make claims for resources and representation from the British government in the 1940s and 50s. This minority consciousness has deepened in the post-independence era, especially under the pressures of the crude oil economy. Blending discussion of local and regional politics in the Niger Delta with the wider literature on developmental colonialism, decolonization, and nationalism, Oghenetoja Okoh offers a detailed historical analysis of these communities. This study moves beyond a singular focus on the experience of crude oil extraction, exploring a longer history of state manipulation and exploitation in which minorities are construed as governable citizens.
This Element offers a portrait of leadership exemplars in UK finance. It challenges the common trope that finance is morally bankrupt. More significantly, it provides an empirically informed account of what it means to lead ethically and by example. Drawing upon Linda Zagzebski's philosophy of moral exemplarism, as well as Braun and Clarke's reflexive approach to thematic analysis, this Element sifts through a rich interview dataset to identify three types of exemplary leader. The sage exemplifies a purpose-giving wisdom. The hero is admired for a courageous form of empathy. And the novice, an under-appreciated type of exemplar, is singled out for curiosity. Foregrounding the place of positive emotions in role modeling, this Element sheds light on the virtues and psychology of leading by example. It also serves as an exemplar of what the humanities can contribute to the dynamic field of leadership studies.
Received theories of self-deception are problematic. The traditional view, according to which self-deceivers intend to deceive themselves, generates paradoxes: you cannot deceive yourself intentionally because you know your own plans and intentions. Non-traditional views argue that self-deceivers act intentionally but deceive themselves unintentionally or that self-deception is not intentional at all. The non-traditional approaches do not generate paradoxes, but they entail that people can deceive themselves by accident or by mistake, which is controversial. The author argues that a functional analysis of deception solves these problems. On the functional view, a certain thing is deceptive if and only if its function is to mislead; hence, while (self-)deception may but need not be intended, it is never accidental or a mistake. Also, self-deceivers need not benefit from deception and they need not end up with epistemically unjustified beliefs; rather, they must 'not be themselves'. Finally, self-deception need not be adaptive.
Early twentieth-century Persia and the Persian Gulf presented a largely blank slate to the British, best known only as a vital conduit to India and a site of contest – the 'great game' – with the Russian Empire. As oil discoveries and increasing trade brought new attention, the expanding telegraph and river shipping industries attracted resourceful men into junior positions in remote outposts. Love, Class and Empire explores the experiences of two of these men and their families. Drawing on a wealth of personal letters and diaries, A. James Hammerton examines the complexities of expatriate life in Iran and Iraq, in particular the impact of rapid social mobility on ordinary Britons and their families in the late imperial era. Uniquely, the study blends histories of empire with histories of marriage and family, closely exploring the nature of expatriate love and sexuality. In the process, Hammerton discloses a tender expatriate love story and offers a moving account of transient life in a corner of the informal empire.
William of Ockham's Summa Logicae (The Sum of Logic), composed in the mid-1320s, is a major work in the history of Western philosophy. It was highly influential for several centuries following its appearance. Ostensibly a textbook on logic, the work is an essential resource for understanding Ockham's philosophical project at large and contains numerous innovative ideas about thought, language, and ontology that are now attracting much interest in contemporary philosophy. Despite an abundant growth in Ockham scholarship in recent decades, this Critical Guide is the first collection of essays to be devoted to the Summa Logicae. The volume covers a wide range of topics, including nominalism, metalanguage, modes of signifying, Ockham's theory of the categorical syllogism, and modal logic. It provides both fresh perspectives on existing debates and new contributions on topics that have not yet entered mainstream scholarship on Ockham.
For Plato, tragedy and comedy are meaningful generic forms with proto-philosophical content concerning the moral character of their protagonists. He operates with a distinction between actual drama, the comedy and tragedy of the fourth and fifth centuries BCE, and ideal drama, the norm for what comedy and tragedy ought to be like. In this book Franco Trivigno reconstructs, on Plato's behalf, an original philosophical account of tragedy and comedy and illustrates the interpretive value of reading Plato's dialogues from this perspective. He offers detailed analyses of individual dialogues as instances of ideal comedy and tragedy, with attention to their structure and philosophical content; he also reconstructs Plato's ideals of comedy and tragedy by formulating definitions of each genre, specifying their norms, and showing how the two genres are related to each other. His book will be valuable for a range of readers interested in Plato and in Greek drama.
Since the pandemic, many have been reflecting on their path, direction, and identity, all tied to a deeper question: What is one's purpose in life? Research reveals that understanding this purpose can significantly impact well-being, health, and personal development. This volume offers fresh insights by bringing together scholars from various fields to explore purpose from different angles. Each contributor delves into what purpose means and why individuals with a clear sense of it often enjoy better health, financial stability, and cognitive well-being. While this book won't define your life's purpose, it offers rich material to guide your personal journey.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of the environmental, economic, and health impacts of climate change already being felt by vulnerable countries. It features personal stories from local pastoralists, peasant farmers, youth activists, and vulnerable workers worldwide, highlighting the human side of climate change. The book presents the work that the Climate Vulnerability Forum (CVF) and its V20 Finance Ministers (CVF-V20, now 68 countries) have done to push for urgent global cooperation on the climate crisis. Detailed case studies from many CVF-V20 countries illustrate the need for adaptation and resilience and offer a blueprint for action that can be followed by others. The book offers invaluable insight for students of environmental studies and economics, Earth sciences, human and political geography, and political science, as well as for activists, policymakers, and concerned citizens. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Logical pluralism is the view that there is more than one correct logic. This view emerged in a dialectical context in which certain laws of logic were hotly debated by philosophers. For example, philosophers have spilled a great deal of ink over the logical principle of explosion ('from a contradiction, everything follows'). One side in the debate accepts this principle, the other side rejects it. It is exceedingly natural to assume that these rival points of view are incompatible, hence one side of the debate is correct while the other is incorrect. This is logical monism: the view that there is exactly one correct logic. Pluralists argue that the monistic assumption is subtly and surprisingly wrong. According to the pluralist, some logics that appear to be irreconcilable rivals are, in fact, both correct in their own ways. This Element will explain the debate over logical pluralism in an accessible manner.
Embedding climate resilient development principles in planning, urban design, and architecture means ensuring that transformation of the built environment helps achieve carbon neutrality, effective adaptation, and well-being for people and nature. Planners, urban designers, and architects are called to bridge the domains of research and practice and evolve their agency and capacity, developing methods and tools consistent across spatial scales to ensure the convergence of outcomes towards targets. Shaping change necessitates an innovative action-driven framework with multi-scale analysis of urban climate factors and co-mapping, co-design, and co-evaluation with city stakeholders and communities. This Element provides analysis on how urban climate factors, system efficiency, form and layout, building envelope and surface materials, and green/blue infrastructure affect key metrics and indicators related to complementary aspects like greenhouse gas emissions, impacts of extreme weather events, spatial and environmental justice, and human comfort. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In a world demanding climate action, the oil-rich Gulf states face a pivotal moment. Can they transform their economies, built on fossil fuels, into sustainable powerhouses? This seminal work offers a comprehensive analysis of how Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, and Qatar are navigating the complex transition towards decarbonization. Examining the intertwined forces of economic necessity, geopolitical shifts, and environmental pressures, the book illuminates the difficult choices and trade-offs these nations face. Through rigorous examination, it reveals the innovative policies, technological advancements, and evolving social contracts shaping the Gulf's energy future, while critically assessing the impact of decarbonization on their macroeconomic growth. This book is essential reading for scholars, policymakers, and industry leaders seeking to understand the complexities of the Gulf's energy landscape and its implications for the global fight against climate change.
Confidently analyze, interpret and act on financial data with this practical introduction to the fundamentals of financial data science. Master the fundamentals with step-by-step introductions to core topics will equip you with a solid foundation for applying data science techniques to real-world complex financial problems. Extract meaningful insights as you learn how to use data to lead informed, data-driven decisions, with over 50 examples and case studies and hands-on Matlab and Python code. Explore cutting-edge techniques and tools in machine learning for financial data analysis, including deep learning and natural language processing. Accessible to readers without a specialized background in finance or machine learning, and including coverage of data representation and visualization, data models and estimation, principal component analysis, clustering methods, optimization tools, mean/variance portfolio optimization and financial networks, this is the ideal introduction for financial services professionals, and graduate students in finance and data science.
The Bronze Age of Greece was unknown until the end of the nineteenth century, when Heinrich Schliemann's excavations stunned the world by bringing to light the glamour of Mycenaean elite society. This book, by one of Greece's most distinguished archaeologists, provides a complete introduction to Mycenaean life and archaeology. Through both chronological and thematic chapters, it examines the main Mycenaean centres, the palaces and kingship, the social structure, writing, religion and its political implications, and the contacts and relations of the Mycenaeans with neighbouring countries, especially Asia Minor, Egypt, the coast of Syria–Palestine, and Italy. Attention is paid to the distinctive Mycenaean art, including monumental architecture, gold and silver metalwork, and jewellery, and the book is supported by over 300 colour illustrations. Dora Vassilikou concludes by examining the simultaneous catastrophes that brought the Bronze Age of the Eastern Aegean to its end and opened up a new era.
Soldiers and Bushmen: The Australian Army in the South Africa, 1899–1902 examines the commitment to what was expected to be a short war. It presents a thematic, analytical history of the birth of the Australian Army in South Africa, while exploring the Army's evolution from colonial units into a consolidated federal force. Soldiers and Bushmen investigates the establishment of the 'bushmen experiment' – the belief that the unique qualities of rural Australians would solve tactical problems on the veldt. This, in turn, influenced ideals around leadership, loyalty and traditional combat that fed the mythology of the Australians as natural soldiers. The book also examines the conduct of the war itself: how the Army adapted to the challenges of a battlefield transformed by technology, and the moral questions posed by the transition to fighting a counterinsurgency campaign.
Social and developmental psychology are often viewed as distinct subdisciplines, each with its own theories and methodologies. However, this book seeks to bridge that divide by proposing an integrative framework that considers various levels of analysis, from the individual to the societal. It emphasizes the interplay of fundamental concepts such as intra- and inter-group conflict and change across these levels. By revisiting and renewing foundational theories of development, the book introduces the concept of 'genetic social psychology.' This approach is applied to the complex case of the Cyprus conflict, as well as other conflict and post-conflict scenarios, uncovering transformative possibilities for both theory and practice. Ultimately, this work advocates for a broader, more cohesive understanding of psychological processes in social contexts, addressing contemporary challenges and enhancing our grasp of human behavior.
The last decade has seen an exponential increase in the development and adoption of language technologies, from personal assistants such as Siri and Alexa, through automatic translation, to chatbots like ChatGPT. Yet questions remain about what we stand to lose or gain when we rely on them in our everyday lives. As a non-native English speaker living in an English-speaking country, Vered Shwartz has experienced both amusing and frustrating moments using language technologies: from relying on inaccurate automatic translation, to failing to activate personal assistants with her foreign accent. English is the world's foremost go-to language for communication, and mastering it past the point of literal translation requires acquiring not only vocabulary and grammar rules, but also figurative language, cultural references, and nonverbal communication. Will language technologies aid us in the quest to master foreign languages and better understand one another, or will they make language learning obsolete?
Examining the miraculous rise of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) and the surprising downfall of the Kuomintang (KMT) in the early twentieth century, Xiaobo Lü reveals that domination and mobilization are key for authoritarian parties to seize state power, challenging the prevailing wisdom on power-sharing and emphasizing the importance of dominant party leaders for organizational strength and resource mobilization. Lü convincingly argues that the CCP's mass mobilization infrastructure, initially seen as a disadvantage before the Sino-Japanese War, became a powerful asset during the war and led to its victory. The KMT's elite mobilization infrastructure, conversely, was decimated by the war, and its lack of a strong leader prevented a successful shift in party-building strategy. Party building subsequently played a pivotal role in shaping the successes and failures of resource mobilization for both parties. The book sheds new light on the origins of the CCP and the inner workings of revolutionary parties, making in a landmark study in Chinese politics.
Important concepts from the diverse fields of physics, mathematics, engineering and computer science coalesce in this foundational text on the cutting-edge field of quantum information. Designed for undergraduate and graduate students with any STEM background, and written by a highly experienced author team, this textbook draws on quantum mechanics, number theory, computer science technologies, and more, to delve deeply into learning about qubits, the building blocks of quantum information, and how they are used in quantum computing and quantum algorithms. The pedagogical structure of the chapters features exercises after each section as well as focus boxes, giving students the benefit of additional background and applications without losing sight of the big picture. Recommended further reading and answers to select exercises further support learning. Written in approachable and conversational prose, this text offers a comprehensive treatment of the exciting field of quantum information while remaining accessible to students and researchers within all STEM disciplines.