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Research in optics and photonics, in parallel with the rapid development of nanoscience, has driven advancements within many fields of contemporary science and technology, allowing nano-optics to flourish as a research field. This authoritative text provides a comprehensive and accessible account of this important topic, beginning with the theoretical foundations of light localization and the propagation and focusing of optical fields, before progressing to more advanced topics such as near-field optics, surface plasmons in noble metals, metamaterials, and quantum emitters. Now in its third edition, the book has been substantially restructured, expanded, and developed to include additional problem sets and important topics such as super-resolution microscopy, random media, and coupled-mode theory. It remains an essential resource for graduate students and researchers working in photonics, optoelectronics, and nano-optics.
Kant had thoughts on language, but his account of language is not explicit and cannot be found in any dedicated section of his works, so it needs to be philosophically reconstructed. The essays in this volume address the linguistic ramifications of Kant's thought and investigate his views on language from unique perspectives. They demonstrate that Kant's notions of thinking, knowing, communicating, and acting have linguistic implications: from the problem of empirical concept-formation to the categorial structure of experience, from the exhibition of aesthetic ideas to the role of analogies and metaphors, from poetry as the art of language to the moral relevance of rhetoric and the problem of persuasion, and from the source of Kant's philosophical vocabulary to the role of language in defining 'humanity'. The volume offers a new and distinctive interpretive context in which Kant's approach to language can be critically appreciated.
Sociology of Mental Health, 4th Edition offers a comprehensive introduction to the impact of social forces on mental health. Fully updated throughout, it features eleven new chapters on such topics as immigration, the work-family interface, and LGBTQ+ mental health. Part I addresses the central theoretical developments in the sociology of mental health. Part II examines the social context of mental health, including the social structures, statuses, and positions that affect mental health. Part III moves to the system level, focusing on the structural forces that shape mental health care. Each chapter is written by leading scholars who have defined our understanding of the relationship between mental health and society. This book is designed for mental health students, educators, researchers, and providers, serving as an essential resource for anyone seeking to understand mental health and mental health delivery systems.
Internet memes have been studied widely for their role in establishing and maintaining social relationships, and shaping public opinion, online. However, they are also a prominent and fast evolving multimodal genre, one which calls for an in-depth linguistic analysis. This book, the first of its kind, develops the analytical tools necessary to describe and understand contemporary 'image-plus-text' communication. It demonstrates how memes achieve meaning as multimodal artifacts, how they are governed by specific rules of composition and interpretation, and how such processes are driven by stance networks. It also defines a family of multimodal constructions in which images become structural components, while making language forms adjust to the emerging multimodal rules. Through analysis of several meme types, this approach defines the specificity of the memetic genre, describing established types, but also accounting for creative forms. In describing the 'grammar of memes', it provides a new model to approach multimodal genres.
Palmyra is one of the most famous sites of the ancient world and played a major role in the overland trade between the Mediterranean and the East. This volume explores fascinating aspects of Palmyrene archaeology and history that underline the site's dynamic relations with the Roman world, whilst simultaneously acknowledging its extremely local nature. The chapters explore Palmyra as a site, but also Palmyrene society both at home and abroad – as travellers in the then known world and contractors and businesspeople as well as innovative political and military leaders of their time. They illuminate Palmyra's and Palmyrene society's negotiations, struggles, benefits and disadvantages from being part of the Roman Empire, situated on the fringes between the East and the West, and their use of this location to recreate themselves as a central power player – at least for a time – within a rapidly changing world.
This book addresses the lack of systematic training in journal publication and grant pursuit for new scholars, two key skills in today's academic landscape. It introduces 'grantology,' the science of pursuing grants, providing practical, evidence-based strategies. Structured like a graduate course, each chapter follows a five-step cognitive sequence based on Daniel Kahneman's intuitive judgment theory. The book explores over fifty real-life cases, draws from nearly two hundred research articles, and compares grantology with journalology. With scientific insights and actionable advice, this guide supports junior researchers, graduate students, and new grant writers in developing the skills needed to pursue competitive grants and advance their careers.
In the early 1960s, British colonial administrations in East Africa organized the systematic destruction and removal of secret documents from colonies approaching independence. The Colonial Office in London arranged the deposit of these documents in high security facilities, where they remained inaccessible until 2011 following a compensation suit by Kenyan survivors of British colonial rule against the Foreign and Commonwealth Office. Curating the Colonial Past presents the first full length exploration of these 'migrated archives', chronicling the struggle between British attempts to conceal and Kenyan efforts to reveal evidence of the colonial past. Neither displayed nor destroyed, Riley Linebaugh explores how these records formed an archival limbo in which the British government delayed moral and legal judgement of empire. Yet, these practices did not go unchallenged. Linebaugh demonstrates how disputes over the 'migrated archives' facilitated the continuation of anticolonial sovereignty struggles beyond independence, struggles which persist into the present.
Cumulative environmental problems are complex, insidious, slow-motion tragedies that are all too common, from biodiversity loss, to urban air pollution, to environmental injustice. Taking an interdisciplinary, comparative and applied approach, this book offers a new framework for designing solutions using four integrated regulatory functions: Conceptualization, Information, Regulatory intervention and Coordination (the CIRCle Framework). Rules that deliver these functions can help us to clarify what we care about, reveal the cumulative threats to it and do something about those threats – together. Examples from around the world illustrate diverse legal approaches to each function and three major case studies from California, Australia and Italy provide deeper insights. Regulating a Thousand Cuts offers an optimistic, solution-oriented resource and a step-by-step guide to analysis for researchers, policymakers, regulators, law reformers and advocates. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
Labour Law, now in its third edition, is a well established text which offers a comprehensive and critical account of the subject by a team of prominent labour lawyers. It examines both collective labour relations and individual employment rights, including equality law, and does so while having full regard to the international labour standards as well as the implications of Brexit. Case studies and reports from government and other public agencies illuminate the text to show how the law works in practice, ensuring that students acquire not only a sophisticated knowledge of the law but also an appreciation of its purpose and the complexity of the issues which it addresses.
Palestinian doctors became a dynamic, vocal, influential, and fascinating professional community over the first half of the twentieth century, growing from roughly a dozen on the eve of WWI to 300 in 1948. This study examines the social history of this group during the late Ottoman and British Mandate periods, examining their social and geographic origins, their professional academic training outside Palestine and their role and agency in the country's medical market. Yoni Furas and Liat Kozma examine doctors' interactions with the rural and urban society and their entangled relationship with the British colonial administration and Jewish doctors. This book also provides an in-depth description on how Palestinian doctors thought and wrote about themselves and their personal, professional, and collective ambitions, underlining the challenges they faced while attempting to unionize. Furas and Kozma tell Palestine's story through the acts and challenges of these doctors, writing them back into the local and regional history.
How can our criminal law retain legitimacy in an era of growing awareness about the complexities of human vulnerability and the far-reaching harm of punitive attitudes? The Boundaries of Blame makes a fresh contribution to the evolving scholarship on the relationship between criminal responsibility and social justice. It challenges the constricted view of personhood underpinning doctrines of responsibility, encouraging new conversations about longstanding questions on the role of circumstances like deprivation and trauma in excusing wrongdoing. Testing entrenched boundaries can provoke resistance, but the book argues that pushing past these limits is essential to fostering a more just framework of state blame in our present time and place. To achieve this objective, Kennefick proposes a bold yet pragmatic response in the form of a Universal Partial Defence, grounded in the Real Person Approach - a blueprint that offers a practical and humane pathway towards a fairer measure of criminal accountability.
Colonial Caregivers offers a compelling cultural and social history of ayahs (nannies/maids), by exploring domestic intimacy and exploitation in colonial South Asia. Working for British imperial families from the mid-1700s to the mid-1900s, South Asian ayahs, as Chakraborty shows, not only provided domestic labor, but also provided important moral labor for the British Empire. The desexualized racialized ayah archetype upheld British imperial whiteness and sexual purity, and later Indian elite 'upper' caste domestic modernity. Chakraborty argues that the pervasive cultural sentimentalization of the ayah morally legitimized British colonialism, while obscuring the vulnerabilities of caregivers in real-life. Using an archive of petitions and letters from ayahs, fairytales they told to British children, court cases, and vernacular sources, Chakraborty foregrounds the precarious lives, voices, and perspectives of these women. By placing care labor at the center of colonial history, the book decolonizes the history of South Asia and the British Empire.
Land rights for Indigenous Peoples are a global phenomenon and have become an important part of the liberal democratic state. But despite the promise of restoring land rights to Indigenous Peoples, most land justice frameworks have preserved the status quo in what is a slow and arduous process. In this work, William Nikolakis draws from the diverse experiences of Indigenous and non-Indigenous scholars and legal practitioners across the world to document both persistent barriers to 'Land Back' as well as opportunities to move forward for land justice. By bringing these voices together, Nikolakis seeks to share lessons from the land justice movement with the goal of advancing land rights for Indigenous Peoples across the world. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
This up-to-date introduction to type theory and homotopy type theory will be essential reading for advanced undergraduate and graduate students interested in the foundations and formalization of mathematics. The book begins with a thorough and self-contained introduction to dependent type theory. No prior knowledge of type theory is required. The second part gradually introduces the key concepts of homotopy type theory: equivalences, the fundamental theorem of identity types, truncation levels, and the univalence axiom. This prepares the reader to study a variety of subjects from a univalent point of view, including sets, groups, combinatorics, and well-founded trees. The final part introduces the idea of higher inductive type by discussing the circle and its universal cover. Each part is structured into bite-size chapters, each the length of a lecture, and over 200 exercises provide ample practice material.
For decades, American lawyers have enjoyed a monopoly over legal services, built upon strict unauthorized practice of law rules and prohibitions on nonlawyer ownership of law firms. Now, though, this monopoly is under threat-challenged by the one-two punch of new AI-driven technologies and a staggering access-to-justice crisis, which sees most Americans priced out of the market for legal services. At this pivotal moment, this volume brings together leading legal scholars and practitioners to propose new conceptual frameworks for reform, drawing lessons from other professions, industries, and places, both within the United States and across the world. With critical insights and thoughtful assessments, Rethinking the Lawyers' Monopoly seeks to help shape and steer the coming revolution in the legal services marketplace. This title is also available as open access on Cambridge Core.
In this innovative exploration of British rule in India, John Marriott tackles one of the most significant and unanswered questions surrounding the East India Company's success. How and when was an English joint stock company with trading interests in the East Indies transformed into a fully-fledged colonial power with control over large swathes of the Indian subcontinent? The answer, Marriott argues, is to be found much earlier than traditionally acknowledged, in the territorial acquisitions of the seventeenth century secured by small coteries of English factors. Bringing together aspects of cultural, legal and economic theory, he demonstrates the role played by land in the assembly of sovereign power, and how English discourses of land and judicial authority confronted the traditions of indigenous peoples and rival colonial authorities. By 1700, the Company had established the sites of Madras, Bombay and Calcutta, providing the practical foothold for further expansion.
Anchoring an Empire is a bottom-up exploration of how gender and ethnicity shaped the lived experience of Spanish subjects across the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century isthmus of Panama. Focusing on understudied historical actors, Bethany Aram sheds light on how indigenous Americans, Afro-descendants, and Europeans contributed to critical debates on race and gender. From the Caribbean port cities of Nombre de Díos and Portobello, to Panama Viejo on the Pacific coast, free, enslaved, and in-between women and men managed to become arbiters of Spanish and competing interests. Those who lived and died in these cities sustained them as hubs of interaction, communication, and commerce. Whether victims, beneficiaries – or both – of the slave trade, these individuals found ways to meet and to exploit the region's episodic demand for housing, provisions, and other services. Their expertise grounded global transport and trade, with a lasting impact on processes of mobility and globalization.
As managers digitize judgment using AI, their evaluations of persons risk imposing benefits and burdens in opaque and unaccountable ways. A wide range of harms may occur when access to one's personal data (and meaningful information about its use) is denied. Key data access rights and AI explainability guarantees in US. and EU law are designed to ameliorate the harms caused by irresponsible digitization, but their definition and range of application is contested. A robust policy evaluation framework will be needed to inform the proper level and scope of information access, as regulators clarify the contours of such rights and guarantees. By revealing the stakes of data access, this Element offers a useful evaluative framework for those interpreting and applying laws of data protection and AI explainability. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.