This chapter investigates the production of renewable hydrogen by electrolysis, namely the permits that are required to put an electrolyser on the ground. This will be investigated with the help of a case study on Finland. In Finland, permitting practices for renewable hydrogen electrolysers are only just starting to develop. Permitting procedures are still fragmented and there is no so-called one-stop-shop for hydrogen electrolyser permits. Several different permits by different authorities, both municipal and state authorities, are required and the permit procedures are usually independent of each other. These complicated permit procedures can be a challenge for setting up new hydrogen electrolysers as the pitfalls and challenges of the permit process, namely complicated bureaucracy as well as long permit handling times, can deter hydrogen investors. The chapter describes possible solutions to this problem and also sketches the actions taken by the government to tackle it. The conclusion is that a number of improvements to the system are currently being implemented, but their actual effects are yet to be seen and challenges still exist.

The White House is committed to 30 GW of new offshore wind by 2030 but there are extensive barriers and delays resulting from federal, state, and local government policies, as well as a lack of mature supply chains. What are these barriers and how can we address the issues?