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2 results

  • 2 - The Presence of Silence in Second Language Acquisition

  • Dat Bao, Monash University, Victoria
  • Book:
    Silence in English Language Pedagogy
    Published online:
    02 February 2023
    Print publication:
    09 February 2023, pp 17-32

  • Summary

    The chapter highlights that the relationship between silence and output remains insignificant in SLA discourse. That is, little is known about how pre-verbal messages are processed in the mind. Pre-verbal messages are part of the conceptualisation stage of language processing, which precedes the formulation and articulation of speech production. The author argues that although SLA researchers have looked extensively into the quality of speech and are highly competent in identifying the complexity of both meaningful and meaningless verbal output, when it comes to silence, our sophisticated expertise is confronted by new challenges. The discussion identifies the presence of silence in second language acquisition by looking beyond the initial silent period to examine various scholarly attitudes towards the role of silence in SLA works and to point out the gap in SLA research on silence. After explaining the reason why the discourse on SLA does not share views on silence, the chapter argues that not all types of silence benefit L2 development and that some kinds of silence facilitate SLA while others may not.

  • The influence of folate serum levels on depressive mood and mental processing in patients with epilepsy treated with enzyme-inducing anti-epileptic drugs

  • J. Rösche, C. Uhlmann, R. Weber, W. Fröscher
  • Journal:
    Acta Neuropsychiatrica / Volume 15 / Issue 2 / April 2003
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    24 June 2014, pp. 63-67
  • Background:

    Folate deficiency is common in patients with epilepsy and also occurs in patients with depression or cognitive deficits.

    Objective:

    This study investigates whether low serum folate levels may contribute to depressive mood and difficulties in mental processing in patients with epilepsy treated with anti-epileptic drugs inducing the cytochrome P450.

    Methods:

    We analysed the serum folate levels, the score in the Self Rating Depression Scale (SDS) and the results of a bedside test in mental processing in 54 patients with epilepsy.

    Results:

    There was a significant negative correlation between the serum folate levels and the score in SDS and significant positive correlations between the score in SDS and the time needed to process an interference task or a letter-reading task.

    Conclusions:

    Low serum folate levels may contribute to depressive mood and therefore to difficulties in mental processing. Further studies utilizing total plasma homocysteine as a sensitive measure of functional folate deficiency and more elaborate tests of mental processing are required to elucidate the impact of folate metabolism on depressive mood and cognitive function in patients with epilepsy.