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5 results

  • Chapter 3 - Automation and Robotics with the Leica Bond III

  • Edited by Trung Nguyen
  • Book:
    Immunohistochemistry
    Published online:
    16 June 2022
    Print publication:
    07 July 2022, pp 67-84

  • Summary

    Leica’s current IHC instrument is the Bond III. A review is conducted by a medical scientist using it on a daily basis so that an honest evaluation is afforded from first-hand experience. Topics of interest include the machinery Leica employs for epitope retrieval and the coverplate technology to assist in reagent delivery. A discussion about proprietary reagents and consumables whilst highlighting the various components of the machine is provided. There are tips and tricks offered to get the most out of the platform. Programming stain protocols for both chromogenic, fluorescence and double labelling IHC are specified along with equipment servicing and maintenance requirements. The reader in essence, gets to appreciate what it is really like to operate and work with the Bond III. The chapter concludes with both good and bad aspects of this form of automation and some opportunities for improvement.

  • Chapter 5 - Automation and Robotics with the Agilent Dako Omnis

  • Edited by Trung Nguyen
  • Book:
    Immunohistochemistry
    Published online:
    16 June 2022
    Print publication:
    07 July 2022, pp 120-159

  • Summary

    Immunohistochemistry robotics and automation as defined by Agilent comes in the form of the Dako Omnis. An appraisal is given by a medical scientist with intimate knowledge of the principles behind the technology, the various machine components and Dako’s proprietary reagents. Daily operations with the instrument allow for an honest review of stain protocols, workflow logistics and maintenance obligations. An explanation of the unique dynamic gap technology is provided along with in-built quality assurance measures. As the Omnis is a new instrument when compared to Leica’s Bond III and Ventana’s BenchMark ULTRA, discussions are based upon the good and bad points of both the hardware and the software aspects. The reader should get an idea of how the Omnis produces stained slides and the capabilities of the machine.

  • Chapter 4 - Automation and Robotics with the Roche Ventana BenchMark ULTRA

  • Edited by Trung Nguyen
  • Book:
    Immunohistochemistry
    Published online:
    16 June 2022
    Print publication:
    07 July 2022, pp 85-119

  • Summary

    Roche’s answer to current immunohistochemistry automation is the Ventana BenchMark ULTRA. An evaluation of the machine’s design, operation and maintenance is provided from a user’s viewpoint. Technologies which differentiate Ventana from other manufacturers are discussed in detail. The liquid coverslip, hapten-based detection system and random access points are examples of these differences when compared to traditional coverplate and polymer technology as used by other vendors. A commentary about proprietary reagents and staining protocols are offered along with advice on achieving workflow efficiencies. Discovering quality control measures of the instrument is another topic covered. Ultimately, it is hoped the reader understands the intricacies of this platform and the advantages and disadvantages of such a system, and gains a sense of the technology behind the BenchMark ULTRA.

  • 14 - Product liability

  • from Part 2 - Australian Consumer Law
  • Dilan Thampapillai, Australian National University, Canberra, Claudio Bozzi, Deakin University, Victoria, Mark Giancaspro, University of Adelaide, George Yijun Tian, University of Technology Sydney
  • Book:
    Australian Commercial Law
    Published online:
    04 March 2021
    Print publication:
    24 June 2020, pp 405-427

  • Summary

    This chapter explores the topic of product liability. The Explanatory Memorandum to the Trade Practice Amendment (Australian Consumer Law) Bill (No 2) 2010 (Cth) states that:

    ‘The Australian Consumer Law (ACL) contains a statutory liability regime for manufacturers of goods with a safety defect. The manufacturer’s liability in the Bill continues the operation of the current Pt VA of the TPA. However[,] the drafting of the provisions has been amended to reflect the drafting style used for other provisions of the ACL.’

    Under the ACL, a manufacturer is held liable for producing goods with safety defects. The ACL provides for an action to be brought against the manufacturer of the defective good where there has been loss or damage suffered because:

    • injuries were sustained as a result of the safety defect;

    • another good was destroyed or damaged as a result of the safety defect; or

    • a building or fixture was destroyed or damaged as a result of the safety defect.

    Under the Trade Practices Act 1974 (TPA), consumers were able to pursue actions against manufacturers unhampered by the limitations deriving from the implied terms regime at Part V, Divisions 2 and 2A of the TPA. The ACL continues the form and content of the product liability regime under the TPA. Accordingly, the jurisprudence developed under the TPA is informative for the ACL.

  • THE EARLY BIRD CATCHES THE WORM: EARLY COST-EFFECTIVENESS ANALYSIS OF NEW MEDICAL TESTS

  • Part of
  • Leander R. Buisman, Maureen P.M.H. Rutten-van Mölken, Douwe Postmus, Jolanda J. Luime, Carin A. Uyl-de Groot, William K. Redekop
  • Journal:
    International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care / Volume 32 / Issue 1-2 / 2016
    Published online by Cambridge University Press:
    22 March 2016, pp. 46-53

  • Objectives: There is little specific guidance on performing an early cost-effectiveness analysis (CEA) of medical tests. We developed a framework with general steps and applied it to two cases.

    Methods: Step 1 is to narrow down the scope of analysis by defining the test's application, target population, outcome measures, and investigating current test strategies and test strategies if the new test were available. Step 2 is to collect evidence on the current test strategy. Step 3 is to develop a conceptual model of the current and new test strategies. Step 4 is to conduct the early-CEA by evaluating the potential (cost-)effectiveness of the new test in clinical practice. Step 5 involves a decision about the further development of the test.

    Results: The first case illustrated the impact of varying the test performance on the headroom (maximum possible price) of an add-on test for patients with an intermediate-risk of having rheumatoid arthritis. Analyses showed that the headroom is particularly dependent on test performance. The second case estimated the minimum performance of a confirmatory imaging test to predict individual stroke risk. Different combinations of sensitivity and specificity were found to be cost-effective; if these combinations are attainable, the medical test developer can feel more confident about the value of further development of the test.

    Conclusions: A well-designed early-CEA methodology can improve the ability to develop (cost-)effective medical tests in an efficient manner. Early-CEAs should continuously integrate insights and evidence that arise through feedback, which may convince developers to return to earlier steps.