This paper examines inter-industry patterns of the employment of older workers over the last 20 years to understand where employment opportunities have grown the most. The underlying premise is that firms strategically align their age mix depending on production function and labor cost parameters. The industries that had the largest increases in the percentage of older workers were those that had the broadest pension coverage and those that made the greatest use of high-tech capital. There also is evidence in 2001–07 that the percentage of older workers increased more in the industries most exposed to increased Chinese imports.

This article analyzes the effect of international migration on the wage gap between women and men who remain in Mexico. We use historical distance to the U.S. border over early twentieth-century railroad networks as an exogenous factor causing changes in the relative supply of men and women, due to predominately male migration. A 10% decrease in the relative labor supply of men tends to increase the wage gap between women and men by approximately 1.1 percentage points, suggesting that they are not perfect substitutes. However, the results imply a greater elasticity of substitution between men and women than that suggested by previous studies.

This study examined the supply of and demand for married female labor in the southern United States. Special attention was given to differences in labor force participation, labor supply, and quantities of labor supplied and demanded across rural and urban areas. Once state effects were accounted for, decisions to change participation were found not to vary by urban-rural designation. Differences in demand were fully captured by an intercept shifter and the variations in hours supplied by married females between urban and rural areas. Labor supply varied greatly with the effects of key determinants (number of children, work force experience, family income) being strongly different in rural areas. Different policies are needed to promote female labor supply in rural areas as opposed to urban areas.

Cet article revient sur l'interprétation théorique de l'élasticité du nombre d'heures travaillées aux salaires en tenant compte de la demande de travail à temps partiel dans le cadre d'un modèle d'équilibre de recherche en emploi. Une entreprise propose des emplois à temps partiel ou complet en fonction de la variabilité de sa demande, de ses coûts salariaux et de ses coûts d'embauché. Les travailleurs les acceptent ou non selon leur utilité, qui dépend du salaire et des heures. Cette économie admet un équilibre de Nash pour lequel toutes les entreprises emploient des salariés à temps partiel et à temps complet. Des simulations montrent que la relation entre heures et salaires dépend principalement de la demande des entreprise et non de la préférence pour le loisir des individus.