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2 results

Mary Shepherd

Mary Shepherd
  • Antonia LoLordo
  • Published online:
    01 September 2022
    Print publication:
    08 September 2022
  • There has recently been a resurgence of interest in the early nineteenth century Scottish philosopher Mary Shepherd. This Element is intended to provide an overview of Shepherd's system, including her views on the following wide range of topics: causation, induction, knowledge of the external world, matter, life, animal cognition, the relationship between mind and body, the immortality of the soul, the existence of God, miracles, and the nature of divine creation. The author also provides an overview of relevant secondary literature and argues for their own interpretation of Shepherd's metaphysics.

  • 6 - Common Sense and Ordinary Language: Wittgenstein and Austin

  • from Part I
  • Edited by Rik Peels, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, René van Woudenberg, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam
  • Book:
    The Cambridge Companion to Common-Sense Philosophy
    Published online:
    06 November 2020
    Print publication:
    19 November 2020, pp 134-158

  • Summary

    What role does ordinary-language philosophy play in the defence of common-sense beliefs? J. L. Austin and Ludwig Wittgenstein each give central place to ordinary language in their responses to sceptical challenges to common-sense beliefs. But Austin and Wittgenstein do not always respond to such challenges in the same way, and their working methods are different. This chapter compares Austin’s and Wittgenstein’s metaphilosophical positions and shows that they share many metaphilosophical commitments. It then examines Austin’s and Wittgenstein’s respective takes on the problem of other minds and the problem of our knowledge of the external world. Interestingly, we find Wittgenstein employing methods more frequently associated with Austin and vice versa. Moreover, we find that a variety of defences of common-sense beliefs are compatible with ordinary-language philosophy.